Thursday, 19 September 2013
266 William Cowper-Temple
Constituency : Hertford 1835-68, Hampshire South 1868-80
William was ostensibly the son of Earl Cowper and Emily Lamb but it was widely believed that he was actually the son of her lover , Palmerston who became her second husband in 1839. Photographs do not really support the argument. He was educated at Eton and entered the Royal Horse Guards in 1830 eventually reaching the rank of Major in 1852. He was indisputably the nephew of Lord Melbourne and became his private secretary after entering Parliament in 1835. He became a whip in the dying days of his uncle's government then Civil Lord of the Admiralty throughout the ministries of Russell and Aberdeen. Palmerston made him under-secretary of state for the home department in 1855 before moving him on to President of the Board of Health. He immediately made the eminent sanitarian John Simon his chief medical officer. Simon's biographer described him as "zealous, competent and knowledgable". He was not however able to pass a public health bill. From 1857 he combined these responsibilities with the education brief.
William returned to office after the 1859 election as Vice-President of the Board of Trade and Paymaster-General but moved to First Commissioner of Works in 1860. In 1861 he drafted a bill for the reconstruction of the law courts. He was also responsible for the Thames Embankment. During the last year of Palmerston's government he often had to physically support him. He held the office until the fall of Russell's government in 1866.
William never held office under Gladstone who was perhaps unwilling to appoint Palmerston's man but he remained influential. He is best remembered for the Cowper Temple Clause, an amendment to the 1870 Education Act which allowed parents to withdraw their children from religious education.
William had Christian Socialist leanings and organised ecumenical spiritualist conferences . At some of these Hindus were present and séances were held.
In 1880 William was created Lord Mount Temple. His last speech in the Lords called for action to stop pornographers luring young girls into vice.
He died in 1888 aged 76
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