Thursday, 30 November 2017
1749 James Falconer
Constituency : Forfarshire 1909-18, 1922-4
James took over at Forfarshire when John Sinclair received a peerage. He had an easy victory.
James was educated at Arbroath High School and Edinburgh University. James became a solicitor, specialising in contract law. He also had an interest in two farms. He was chairman of the Scottish Reform Club and secretary of the Scottish Liberal Association.
James was a keen supporter of land reform and played a large part in the Small Landowners ( Scotland ) Act of 1911 giving security of tenure at fair rent. He founded the Scottish Rural Workers Society, a friendly soiety.
James was appointed to the Select Committee on the Marconi affair and worked hard to limit the damage to the party .
In 1917 James served on a Board of Trade parliamentary committee on electricity supply which recommended a national grid
In 1918 James was defeated by 518 votes by the Unionist in a contest in which neither candidate received the coupon.
James regained the seat in 1922 and held on in 1923. He was defeated in 1924 due to the intervention of a Labour candidate.
In 1925 James served on a Board of Agriculture inquiry into rural unemployment.
He died in 1931 aged 74.
Wednesday, 29 November 2017
1748 Walter Roch
Constituency : Pembrokeshire 1908-18
Walter took over at Pembrokeshire when John Phillips was elevated to a peerage. Again the suffragettes tried to block his election.
Walter was a landowner and barrister. He was the grandson of former Carmarthenshire MP Walter Powell. He was educated at Twyford and Harrow.
Walter was a committed supporter of female suffrage despite his experiences in the by-election and worked on the cross-party Conciliation Committee.
Walter was one of the leaders of a Welsh revolt against the threat to withdraw the Disestablishment Bill of 1909.
Walter was appointed to the Dardanelles Commission in 1916. He published a Minority Report which was considerably more critical of Churchill than the official version.
Walter stayed loyal to Asquith.
Walter stood down in 1918.
In 1920 Walter published Mr Lloyd George and the War.
Walter retired in 1940 and lived quietly on his estates.
He died in 1965 aged 85.
Tuesday, 28 November 2017
1747 Arthur Ponsonby
Constituency : Stirling Burghs 1908-18, Sheffield Brightside 1922-30 ( Labour )
Arthur took over Campbell- Bannerman's seat at Stirling.
Arthur was the son of Henry Ponsonby, Queen Victoria's Private Secretary. He was born in Windsor Castle and was a Page of Honour to Queen Victoria. He was educated at Eton and Oxford and became a diplomat serving at Constantinople and Copenhagen. He left the Foreign Office in 1902 to start a political career. He stood for Taunton in 1906 and became Campbell-Bannerman's principal private secretary after the election.
Arthur opposed Edward VII's visit to Russia and found himself excluded from the next royal garden party as a result. He became known as a dissident Radical on the left of the party.
Arthur was one of the most prominent Liberals opposed to Britain's involvement in the First World War. He was active in setting up the Union of Democratic Control with Ramsay McDonald and was strongly attacked in the press as a result.
In 1918 Arthur stood as an "Independent Democrat" at Dunfermline Burghs and came third . Shortly afterwards he joined the Labour Party and was one of those former Liberal MPs who sent messages of support to Asquith's opponent at Paisley in 1920. He was returned for Sheffield Brightside in 1922.
In the late twenties Arthur ran a Peace Letter campaign against any preparations for future war. In 1928 he published Falsehood in Wartime which contained the famous saying, "When war is declared, truth is the first casualty" but it was actually a misquotation from a US Senator.
Arthur was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in 1924. He is remembered for the Ponsonby Rule which stated that all international treaties had to be presented to Parliament 21 days before ratification. This policy has become a constitutional convention though never enshrined in legislation In 1929 he was appointed Under Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs then Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport.
In 1930, Arthur was raised to the peerage as Baron Ponsonby. He was briefly Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in 1931. He was Labour leader in the House of Lords until 1935 when he resigned over party policy on Abyssinia which he felt was too strong on the possibility of military intervention.
Thereafter Arthur was active in the Peace Pledge Union. He wrote regularly in Peace News and opposed the government reacting to Stalin's policies on the Great Famine. He finally resigned from Labour over its decision to join Churchill's wartime coalition government.
In 1942 Arthur published a biography of his father.
He suffered a severe stroke in 1943 and died in 1946 aged 75.
Monday, 27 November 2017
1746 Robert Harcourt
Constituency : Montrose Burghs 1908-18
Robert took over from John Morley when the latter was elevated to the peerage. He won fairly comfortably with Labour coming second.
Robert was the son of Sir William Harcourt and younger brother of Lewis. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge. Robert became a diplomat in the Foreign Office from 1900 to 1906. He then tried his hand at journalism, writing for Tribune until his election . He wrote a couple of plays and subsequently sat on a Joint Committee on Censorship shortly after his election. He stood for Hastings at a by-election earlier in the year.
Robert became chairman of the Reform Union.
Robert served in World War One as a Lieutenant in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve.
Robert stood down in 1918. He concentrated on his estates and bred a herd of pedigree Jersey cattle.
Robert was a pilot officer in the RAF Volunteer Reserve and was promoted to Flight Lieutenant on the outbreak of World War Two.
He died in 1962 aged 84.
Sunday, 26 November 2017
1745 George Thorne
Constituency : Wolverhampton East 1908-29
George took over at Wolverhampton East when Henry Fowler became a peer. He won the by-election by 8 votes after strong opposition organised by the suffragettes.
George was born in Scotland but educated at Tettenhall College, Wolverhampton. He became a solicitor and eventually head of a large firm. He became a borough councillor in Wolverhampton and Mayor in 1902-03. He stood for Wolverhampton West in 1895 and South in 1898 where he narrowly failed to win the by-election. He was a Baptist.
George supported Free Trade, Home Rule, female suffrage, the eight hour day for miners and disestablishment of the church.
George held on to his seat more comfortably in the 1910 elections and saw off a National Democratic Party challenger who was given the coupon in 1918.
George became joint chief whip of the Asquithians after the election. He supported Lloyd George's line on peace but otherwise he was an implacable opponent of the government.
George saw off all comers in 1922 when the National Liberals put up a candidate in addition to the Conservatives and Labour. He was unopposed in 1923.
George relinquished the whips role on health grounds after the election. He retained his seat in 1924. He stood down in 1929.
George supported closer links with Labour after 1931. However he devoted most of the rest of his life to the League of Nations Union.
He died in 1934 aged 80.
Saturday, 25 November 2017
1744 Arthur Murray
Constituency : Kincardineshire 1908-18, Kincardine & Western Aberdeenshire 1918-23
Arthur took over from the deceased John Crombie at Kincardineshire.
Arthur was the younger brother of Alexander Murray, MP for Peebles and Selkirk. He was educated in Dresden then at Sandhurst. He joined the army and served in India and China , being promoted to captain in 1907.
From 1910 to 1914 Arthur was PPS to the Foreign Secretary.
Arthur introduced a bill to restrict the trade in decrepit horses.
Arthur served in France and Belgium from 1914 to 1916 then as Assistant Military Attache in Washington. He became a close friend of Franklin D Roosevelt. He won the DSO in 1916. He rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel.
Arthur received the coupon in 1918 but soon became critical of the government. He protested at the decision to oppose John Simon in 1919 and joined the independent Liberals. He was challenged by a Lloyd George supporter in 1922 but easily held him off.
In 1923 Arthur was narrowly defeated by the Conservatives.
Arthur became a director of the London and North Eastern Railway and of Wembley Stadium.
In 1936 Arthur joined the National Liberals.
In 1951 Arthur became Viscount Elibank.
Arthur published a number of pamphlets on foreign policy.
He died in 1962 aged 83.
Friday, 24 November 2017
1743 Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice
Constituency : West Derbyshire 1908-12 ( Liberal Unionist ), 1912-18 (Conservative )
Henry took over at West Derbyshire from Victor Cavendish when the latter became Duke of Devonshire in 1908. He was unopposed.
Henry was the son of the Marquess of Lansdowne. He was Earl of Kerry. After being a volunteer he joined the army for real in 1895 and served in the Boer War. He reached the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the First World War.
Henry spoke against death duties in 1909.
In the most surprising result of the 1918 election, Henry was defeated by his Liberal opponent despite having the coupon.
Henry was a member of the Senate of the Irish Free State from 1922 to 1929.
Henry succeeded his father in 1927.
He died in 1936 aged 64.
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