Thursday, 28 February 2019
2197 John Horam
Constituency : Gateshead West 1970-81 ( Labour ), 1981-83 ( SDP ), Orpington 1992-2010 ( Conservative )
John was another of the initial clutch of SDP MPs.
John was born in Preston. He was educated at Silcoates School and Cambridge. In the 1960s he worked for Rowntrees in market research. He moved on to financial journalism then founded the CRU Group, a commodities consultancy. He contested Folkestone and Hythe for Labour in 1966. He was selected for the safe seat of Gateshead West winning it easily at the next four elections. He was a junior minister under Bill Rodgers at the Department of Transport. John was dismayed at Labour's hostility to business and told Rodgers the party was finished after the 1979 defeat.
John worked alongside David Penhaligon as a "fireman" sorting out Alliance disputes
As Gateshead West was abolished, John stood for Newcastle Central in 1983 coming third.
At the start of the 1987 campaign, John announced his conversion to Thatcherism and joined the Tories. Five years later, he was selected for Orpington , after a key speech in an economics debate at the 1990 Tory conference. and won the seat comfortably.
John became a junior minister in the Department of Health and received a rough ride from both sets of former colleagues in the Commons. Dennis Skinner called him a "dirty double rat".
John held on with a reduced majority in 1997. He became chair of the Environmental Audit Select Committee, holding the position until 2004. He was very nearly defeated in 2001 before shoring up his position in 2005. He was one of a handful of Tory MPs to vote against the Iraq War. He helped draw up the plans for reducing the number of MPs under David Cameron.
John announced he was standing down in 2009 by which time he was the only one of the SDP defectors remaining in Parliament.
John was elevated to the Lords in 2013 and is a strongly pro-EU Conservative.
He is now 79.
Wednesday, 27 February 2019
2196 Robert Maclennan
Constituency : Caithness and Sutherland 1966-81 ( Labour ), 1981-88 ( SDP ), 1988-2001
On 2 March 1981 the Social Democratic Party was formally launched and Robert was one of the initial clutch of Labour MPs who signed up to it.
Robert was the son of an eminent gynaecologist. He was educated at Glasgow Academy and Oxford. He became a barrister, specialising in international law. He took Caithness and Sutherland from George Mackie in 1966 by 64 votes. He was PPS to the Commonwealth Secretary in Wilson's government. He held Mackie off again in 1970 with an increased majority. He held the seat comfortably in the next three elections with a different party coming second each time. The Liberals didn't contest the seat in 1979. Robert was a junior minister in the Labour government of 1974-79 in the Prices and Consumer Protection Department.
With the Douneray plant in his constituency, Robert was obliged to defend nuclear power.
Robert was the main architect of the SDP's constitution and subsequently that of the Liberal Democrats. He was involved in the Alliance seat allocations in Scotland.
Robert was one of only four defecting MPs to hold his seat in 1983 and did so easily with a majority of nearly 7,000. He had a rough time in Parliament as Dennis Skinner and his cronies regularly heckled his speeches making him lose his thread.
Robert increased his majority in 1987. He initially supported David Owen's resistance to Liberal pressure to merge but Charles Kennedy persuaded him to become leader of the party
and take control of the negotiations when Owen resigned.
Robert took a lot of flack from the media for his lack of charisma and poor handling of the negotiations during which he burst into tears and would have quit were it not for Liberal MPs blocking his exit. He was also partly responsible for the infamous "dead parrot" document, defending the policy of putting VAT on childrens' clothes for example.
When the terms were finally agreed, Robert and Charles Kennedy went round to Owen's house to try and sell him the deal but got a frosty reception. Robert was interim leader of the Liberal Democrats with David Steel until Paddy Ashdown was elected. He became a spokesman with various briefs and was party president from 1994 to 1998.
Robert came under more pressure in 1997 when boundary changes enabled Labour to make a decent challenge but he still had a majority of over 2,000. He was co-chairman with Robin Cook on the Joint Consultative Committee with Labour on constitutional reform.
Robert stood down in 2001 and was elevated to the Lords where he was Cabinet Office and Scotland spokesman until 2015.
Robert is an accomplished violinist.
He is now 82.
Tuesday, 26 February 2019
2195 Tom Ellis
Constituency : Wrexham 1971-8 ( Labour ) , 1981-3 (SDP)
Tom resigned from Labour on the same day as Richard Crawshaw.
Tom was born in Pant, Denbighshire. He was educated at Ruabon Grammar School and Nottingham University . He was a chemist for ICI and worked on explosives during World War Two. He then went into the mining industry starting out as a miner himself.. He became manager of Bersham Colliery in 1957. He first stood for Labour in Flint West in 1966 coming second. He was first elected for Wrexham in 1970 and held the seat by huge majorities despite his lack of enthusiasm for the party's centralist policies . He was an indirectly elected member of the European parliament from 1975 to 1979 and was the most enthusiastic of the British delegation. Tom was a loyal follower of Roy Jenkins and had been contemplating joining the Liberals. He supported the E.E.C. devolution and electoral reform. Despite his mining background, he supported nuclear power. He became PPS to Bill Rodgers in 1974 He voted for Michael Foot in 1980 because of his support for Welsh devolution and Dennis Healey's Euro-scepticism.
Tom became President of the Welsh Social Democrats. In 1983 he stood for the new seat of Clwyd South West. He stood in the 1984 European elections in 1984 achieving one of the Alliance's better results. He came second to the Tories in a tight contest. In 1987 Tom was pushed into third as Labour captured the seat.
Tom became the first president of the Welsh Liberal Democrat from 1988 to 1990.In 1989 Tom contested the Pontypridd by-election. With an SDP spoiler candidate in the field, he came a dismal fourth, losing his deposit.
Tom published his memoirs After the Dust Has Settled in 2003.
Tom was a Welsh speaker.
He died in 2010 aged 86 from cancer.
Monday, 25 February 2019
2194 Richard Crawshaw
Constituency : Liverpool Toxteth 1964-81 ( Labour ), 1981-83 ( SDP )
The 1979 election saw no new faces though David Steel did well to keep losses down to three ( including Jeremy Thorpe ). That kept them in the game as events moved their way. Going into opposition prompted a fierce battle for control of the party and as the Left won some victories including a new method of selecting the leader, figures on the right began to contemplate leaving the party and starting a new one.
Richard was one of two MPs who jumped the gun in February 1981, resigning the Labour whip and declaring himself a Social Democrat before the party had been officially launched. He resigned the Deputy Speakership to do so.
Richard served in World War Two in the Royal Artillery and Parachute Regiment , reaching the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He became a barrister.He had been elected a Labour councillor in 1955 then an MP in 1964. He was known for calling on constituents to discuss policy. His interests were housing,education and the Territorial Army. He was attacked for voting against the defence estimates in 1965. He voted for joining the E.E.C. and sponsored Dick Taverne when he returned to the Commons after the by-election.
Richard suggested that biased policing was an issue in the Toxteth riots in 1981.
Liverpool was a trouble spot for the Alliance. The Liberals had a strong local party with a number of councillors wanting to try their hand at becoming an MP and there were three defecting MPs from Labour. On top of that there were substantial boundary changes. Richard's seat was merged with a safe Tory one and he chose to fight the new seat of Liverpool Broadgreen which didn't even border his old one. He got official backing as the Alliance candidate. Supported by David Alton, the local Liberals refused to accept him and put up their own candidate. Richard did offer to back out if it was the only seat with rival candidates but that wasn't the case.
Richard came fourth , losing his deposit,in the 1983 election as the Militant Terry Fields easily took the seat for Labour, a cruel fate for a conscientious MP. He returned to legal practice.
Richard was keen on freefall parachuting and endurance walking.
Richard became the first created SDP peer in 1985 but died the following year later aged 68.
Sunday, 24 February 2019
2193 David Alton
Constituency : Liverpool Edge Hill 1979-83, Liverpool Mossley Hill
The 1974-79 Parliament was a torrid time for the Liberals as Jeremy Thorpe drowned in scandal. David Steel had to take over in 1976 and a year later negotiated the Lib-Lab pact to buy some time. The Liberal performance in by-elections was wretched particularly during the lifetime of the pact when they regularly finished behind the National Front.
However, they won one right at the death when David took Liverpool Edge Hill from Labour.At the municipal level, the Liberals had done well in the city in the seventies under the shrewd leadership of Trevor Jones. By contrast, the recently deceased MP Arthur Irvine , himself a former Liberal candidate, had become notoriously neglectful of his constituency duties. David campaigned under the slogan "Everybody Knows Someone Who Has Been Helped By David Alton" and won 64 % of the vote. The vote of no confidence in Callaghan's government took place the day before his election.
David was the son of a car worker from London. He was educated at Campion School, Essex and Christ's College of Education. He became a teacher. He became Britain's youngest city councillor in 1972. He was also a member of Merseyside County Council from 1974 to 1977 where he was chairman of the housing committee. He was Jones's deputy as leader of the city council from 1975 to 1978. He is a staunch Catholic
David was only in Parliament for nine days before it dissolved. He held onto his seat comfortably at the general election, the first Liberal victory to be announced and the only "gain" of the night. He survived boundary changes and the Liberals losing control of the council to win the new seat of Liverpool Mossley Hill in 1983. He supported the independent Liberal challenge at Liverpool Broadgreen against the SDP's Richard Crawshaw.
I saw David speak at Leeds in 1984 and he was probably the best speaker we had during my time there. He sued a newspaper which described him as "ruthless and self-seeking". He held a number of briefs and was Chief Whip going into the election.
David held on in 1987 as Labour advanced to second place in the constituency. He then came fourth in the Private Members ballot and launched his ill-fated attempt to tighten up the abortion laws which was talked out in the Commons. After the merger of the two parties ,he further aggravated colleagues by palling up with the SDP's John Cartwright and arguing for a renewed electoral pact.
David was re-elected with a slightly increased majority in 1992 but shortly afterwards threatened to resign after moves to make abortion part of party policy. A motion was passed the following year to mollify him. Paddy Ashdown accused him of not working very hard for the party but he was active in trying to get his friend Chris Davies elected in Littleborough and Saddleworth and I saw them both speak at a campaign event in 1995.
When his seat was altered again prior to the 1997 election , David was furious and decided to stand down. He was made a peer at the suggestion of John Major rather than the party and became a crossbencher. He was also appointed professor of Citizenship at Liverpool John Moores University. He has worked for human rights charities notably Jubilee Action. He remains active for Catholic causes and opposed the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act of 2008. He has published a number of books on political and Catholic issues.
He is now 67.
Saturday, 23 February 2019
2192 David Penhaligon
Constituency : Truro 1974-86
The October 1974 election saw the Liberal vote dip slightly with a net loss of one seat.
The only gain was David taking Truro from the Tories at the second attempt. His majority was 464.
David's father was a sub-postmaster. He was a cousin of the actress Susan Penhaligon. He was educated at Truro School and Cornwall Technical College. He became a mechanical engineer working on rock drilling as well as taking over his father's business. In 1964, he was a defence witness in one of the last capital cases in Britain and subsequently joined the Liberals. He built up his local party virtually from scratch but was rejected as a candidate in 1966 due to concerns about his Cornish accent. He stood in Totnes in 1970 coming third. In February 1974, he cut the Tory majority to less than 3,000 in Truro.
David had to transfer the sub-postmaster office to his wife on his election. He quickly became popular on all sides of the house for his good humour. He campaigned for a national minimum wage and increased state pensions. He wasd also a champion of Cornish interests in mining, fishing and transport infrastructure. He once declared "You need more in an economy than just tourism, ice cream and deckchairs". He was sceptical about the Lib-Lab pact but came round, declaring it had achieved an "economic revolution" in 1977. He vetoed Tony Benn's plans for centralising electricity control.
David opposed Jeremy Thorpe's standing in 1979 and refused to help his campaign. He was returned with a much-increased majority as Thorpe and Pardoe went down in 1979. He opposed nuclear power but supported NATO and multilateral nuclear disarmament describing Labour's policy as "behaving like a virgin in a brothel".
David supported the alliance with the SDP and was nominated a "fireman" who could sort out disputes between the parties alongside John Horam. He was described by The Guardian's Hugo Young as having "a closer grasp of national electoral politics.. than any other Liberal MP". He further increased his majority in 1983. He subsequently took charge of the party's by-election unit.
David was party President from 1985 to 1986 and presided over a difficult Assembly in the latter year when the parties disagreed on defence policy.
In December 1986 he was killed when a van skidded on ice and smashed into his car. The inquest suggested he had not been wearing a seatbelt at the time. He was 42. David Steel suggested that David had been his most likely successor. He is commemorated by the Penhaligon Award in the Liberal Democrats for the most active local party. His appearance on Desert Island Discs was broadcast after his death.
Friday, 22 February 2019
2191 Christopher Mayhew
Constituency : Norfolk South 1945-50, Woolwich East 1951-74 ( Labour ) , 1974
After the February result was known, Ted Heath called in Jeremy Thorpe for talks but was unable to offer any real concessions on electoral reform and so Harold Wilson took office once more.
Just a few months later, the Liberal ranks were swelled when Christopher Mayhew became the first MP since 1915 to defect from Labour to Liberal citing the growth of extremism in Labour ranks.
Christopher was the son of a baronet. He was educated at Halleybury and Oxford where he became President of the Union. In World War Two he was a Major in the Intelligence Corps. He was elected for Norfolk South in 1945 and became under-secretary of state at the Foreign Office where he worked under Ernest Bevin. He lost his seat in 1950 then succeeded Bevin at Woolwich East in a by-election. Christopher's communication skills were used as the presenter of party political broadcasts and a commentator on television. In 1955 he famously agreed to try a hallucinogenic drug for Panorama but the results were not broadcast at the time. He was a fierce opponent of unilateral nuclear disarmament . He was shadow war secretary from 1960 to 1961 then moved on to foreign affairs. He became Parliamentary Undersecretary of State for Defence in 1964 but resigned in 1966 over aircraft policy. Christopher was also a prominent Anti-Zionist and in 1973 made a financial challenge to anyone who could produce a genuine genocidal statement by an Arab leader, an offer that eventually landed him in court although he won the case
Christopher had little time to get to know his new colleagues as Wilson went to the country again in October. The Liberals generously passed him a winnable seat in Bath and though he improved their vote against the trend he was unable to unseat the Tory. He tried again in 1979 but fell further behind.
In 1981 Christopher was elevated to the peerage as Baron Mayhew and became defence spokesman in the Lords.
Christopher published several works on the Middle East and an autobiography, Time to Explain.
He died in 1997 aged 81.
Thursday, 21 February 2019
2190 Paul Tyler
Constituency : Bodmin 1974, Cornwall North 1997-2005
Paul recovered Bodmin from the Tories by just 9 votes.
Paul was educated at Sherborne School and Oxford. He became Britain's youngest county councillor in 1964. In 1966 he stood for Totnes coming third. He started working for the Royal Institute of British Architects that year. He also worked for Shelter, a local newspaper group, BBC South West as a presenter and a PR firm during his time out of Parliament.He stood for Bodmin in 1970 but was unable to hold it for the Liberals.
Paul was narrowly defeated in 1974 then the Tory pulled away in 1979 after the Thorpe scandal. In 1982 he stood in the Beaconsfield by-election where he moved the Liberals into second place pushing a young Tony Blair into third. He didn't stand in 1983 but worked as David Steel's campaigns organiser. He was chairman of the Liberal party from 1983 to 1986 but again declined to stand in 1987. He was part of John Pardoe's campaign team that year. He scored the best result for the liberal Democrats in the 1989 European elections standing for Cornwall and Plymouth.
Paul returned to the Commons in 1992 when he avenged Pardoe's defeat at Cornwall North. He became liberal spokesman on rural affairs and transport. He was a prominent critic of the government during the B.S.E. crisis. He also campaigned over the use of organophosphates. In 1997, Paddy Ashdown switched him to Chief Whip. He served on the Modernisation select committee. In 2001 he moved to shadow the Leader of the House as well as championing parliamentary reform.
Paul stood down in 2005 and was elevated to the Lords. He has continued to work on constitutional reform and his Constitutional Renewal Bill of 2009 received cross-party support.
Paul has also led campaigns on the St Piran's flag in Cornwall and the use of premium rate phone numbers by government departments.
He is now 77.
Wednesday, 20 February 2019
2189 Stephen Ross
Constituency : Isle of Wight 1974-87
Stephen took Isle of Wight at the third attempt, coming from third place to take the seat from the Tories. He was helped by the Tories' involvement in a financial scandal. His win was a surprise; none of his fellow MPs had met him before.
Stephen was the son of a Scottish shipowner. He was educated at Bedford School then joined the Royal Navy in 1944. In 1948 he went to work for his uncle who ran a cattle market in Kidderminster. He became a chartered surveyor and went to the Isle for work as an auctioneer in 1953 .In 1964 he was agent for the Liberal candidate Barbara Bliss who didn't seem clear on who the Prime Minister was. Stephen stood himself in 1966 gaining 22% of the vote in third : he held his ground in 1970. He was a county councillor and was leader of the council from 1973 to 1974.
Stephen had a number of briefs during his time in Parliament but is best remembered for the Housing ( Homeless Persons ) Act of 1977 which began as his Private Member's bill. He became council leader again from 1981 to 1983.
Stephen was well liked and had a large personal vote.
Stephen stood down in 1987 becoming Baron Ross. He spoke on local government in the Lords.
Stephen collected antiques and porcelain.
He died of a heart attack in 1993 aged 66.
Tuesday, 19 February 2019
2188 Geraint Howells
Constituency : Cardiganshire 1974-83, Ceredigion and Pembroke North 1983-92
The February 1974 election saw the Liberals climb to their highest representation since 1945 although their 14 seats hardly reflected getting over 20% of the vote. As three of the gains were consolidated by-election victories and Michael Winstanley and Richard Wainwright returned to the House there were only three new faces.
Geraint avenged Roderic Bowen's defeat in 1966 recovering Cardiganshire for the Liberals.
Geraint was educated locally and became a sheep farmer. He was a champion sheep shearer and chairman of the Wool Producers of Wales.He was elected to Cardiganshire County Council as an independent in 1952 and had a brief dalliance with Labour n 1958. He contested Brecon and Radnor in 1970, coming third.
Geraint became spokesman for Welsh affairs and agriculture. He was noted for shrewdness and humour.
Geraint strongly argued that the word "Liberal" had to be part of the short name of the party.
Geraint was unexpectedly defeated by Plaid Cymru in 1992. He was created Baron Geraint.
He died in 2004 aged 79.
Monday, 18 February 2019
2187 Alan Beith
Constituency : Berwick-upon-Tweed 1973-2015
Alan recovered Berwick-upon-Tweed from the Tories after the incumbent was caught up in a sex scandal. He went on to become the longest-serving Liberal since Lloyd George. He came from third place in 1970 to win by 57 votes.
Alan was born in Cheshire to a Scottish father. He was educated at King's School, Macclesfield and Oxford. He became a politics lecturer at the University of Newcastle. In 1969 he became a councillor for Hexham District Council then North Tyneside District Council in 1973. He was a Methodist lay preacher
David Steel made him chief whip in succession to Cyril Smith in 1976. He held the position until 1985
Alan narrowly held on in the two 1974 elections but had made himself safe by 1979. He was broadly supportive of the Alliance but warned about the quality of some of the SDP defectors saying they were better off without "machine men whose machines have broken down".
Alan briefly stood in for Steel during the latter's sabbatical in 1983 and was given an added brief as spokesman for Constitutional Affairs. He was appointed Deputy Leader in 1985.
During the merger negotiations, Alan was suspected by some commentators of deliberately letting the infamous "dead parrot" document through to discredit Steel. He stood against Paddy Ashdown for the leadership of the new party and although the clear choice of his fellow MPs was well beaten. He became Treasury spokesman.
After the 1992 election Alan was re-appointed to Deputy Leader then in 1994, spokesman for Home Affairs. In 2002 he stepped down from the front bench and became chair of the Commons Constitutional affairs and Justice Committees.
In 2008 Alan was knighted. The following year he stood against John Bercow for Commons Speaker, his second attempt at the job after failing in 2000 . Around the same time he was criticised in the Sunday Telegraph because he and his wife Baroness Maddock were both claiming expenses on the same address although he insisted there was no duplication of costs. His majority in 2010 was sharply reduced as a result.
Alan is a social conservative who opposes abortion , assisted dying and same sex marriage. He supports higher alcohol taxes.
Though mild in manner and generally uncharismatic, Alan was recognised as having the sharpest political brain in the Liberal ranks for much of his time in parliament.
Alan announced he was stepping down in 2013 and was created a peer after the 2015 election.
He is now 75.
Sunday, 17 February 2019
2186 David Austick
Constituency : Ripon 1973-4
David made it a double triumph for the Liberals by taking Ripon from the Tories on the same day as Clement Freud's victory. He won by 946 votes. He campaigned on concessionary TV licences for pensioners and on local issues.
David was a partner in the family bookselling firm. He was a conscientious objector during World War Two. He was a devout Methodist and a regular attender at parliamentary prayers.
Most of David's parliamentary contributions concerned the local government reorganisation of 1974.
David was easily defeated in February 1974. He stood again in October and in 1979 stood in Cheadle. He stood for Leeds in the 1979 European elections.
David never returned to Parliament but was a district and county councillor in Yorkshire for many years. He was chairman of the Liberal Candidates Association and later chairman of the Electoral Reform Society. In later years he devoted himself to the antique book trade.
He died in 1997 aged 76.
Saturday, 16 February 2019
2185 Clement Freud
Constituency : Isle of Ely 1973-83, North East Cambridgeshire 1983-87
Clement scored another by-election success for the Liberals by recovering Isle of Ely from the Tories. He came from nowhere to win the seat as the Liberals hadn't contested the seat since 1950. He made a tidy sum by betting on himself at 33-1.
Clement was born in Berlin the grandson of renowned psychologist Sigmund Freud. The family moved to Britain to escape the Nazis. He was educated at Dartington School and St Paul's School, London. He served in the Royal Ulster Rifles during World War Two. He was an aide to Montgomery and worked at the Nuremburg trials. He became an Anglican at the time of his marriage in 1950. He became famous as a chef first at the Dorchester Hotel and then at his own restaurant in Sloane Square. Like many people my age my first sighting of him was in the dog food commercials where he starred alongside a bloodhound called Henry who had a similarly lugubrious expression. In 1968 he became a children's author with the book Grimble. He also ran a nightclub and through that made the connections to become a food and drink and sports journalist. He was a regular panellist on Radio Four's Just A Minute. He was a keen fan of horse racing and made a lot of money by betting on himself to win a challenge race against Hugh Fraser in 1972.
Clement's staff used to scan the local newspaper columns for birthday and funeral notices and he'd send out cards to his constituents. When people started stopping him in the street to thank him and he'd no idea what it was for he'd answer "it was the least I could do".
Parliamentary writers noted the contrast between Clement's ready wit in the media and his clumsiness in the Commons. He complained about the extra security measures after the murder of Airey Neave in 1979 and was told by the Speaker he'd "misjudged the mood of the House.
Clement was very conscious of his heritage. When he visited China as part of a delegation including Winston Churchill MP, he declared it was the first time he'd been "out-grandfathered". David Owen did some campaigning with him and recalled that Clement had been approached by some railway buffs who were told that his grandfather "Signalman Freud was an enthusiast".
Clement campaigned for a Freedom of Information Act and in March 1979 one of Jim Callaghan's aides rang him up in Liverpool and promised him one if he'd "miss" his train back to London for the no confidence vote. He declined the offer.
Paddy Ashdown noted in his autobiography that when he first arrived in Parliament, Clement took him and the other new MPs to dinner in order to tell them how awful all their new colleagues were.
Having looked fairly safe , Clement's narrow defeat in 1987 was a considerable surprise though it was suggested that he'd become bored and neglectful of his constituency duties. He was knighted shortly afterwards. Though he spoke in the party debates on merger in 1988, he largely withdrew from politics and concentrated on other interests.
In 1992 Clement appeared as himself in the BBC 1 drama The Green Man.
He died in 2009 aged 82. In 2016 a number of sexual allegations were made against him which his widow accepted as true. His son Matthew runs a PR firm and his daughter Emma has been a TV presenter.
Friday, 15 February 2019
2184 Graham Tope
Constituency : Sutton and Cheam 1972-74
Six weeks after Cyril Smith's triumph at Rochdale, Graham scored a much greater surprise at Sutton and Cheam taking the Liberals from a poor third to unseating the Tories by over 7,000 votes.
Graham was 28 at the time of his election. He was a member of the Young Liberals and had taken part in anti-apartheid disruption.
Graham was narrowly defeated in February 1974 and the Tories extended their lead in October.
Graham remained active in the party. He was a borough councillor in Sutton from 1974 until 2014. He was created a life peer in 1996. He was a member of the London Assembly from 2006 to 2008 leading the Liberal Democrat group until 2006. He was also a member of the Metropolitan Police Authority.
Graham is also a member of the Committee of the Regions of the European Union.
He is now 75.
Thursday, 14 February 2019
2183 Dick Taverne
Constituency : Lincoln 1962-72 ( Labour ), 1972-4 ( Democratic Labour )
I might be stretching a point here but Dick's Democratic Labour Party was so obviously a forerunner of the SDP and his service to the Liberal Democrat cause unquestionable that it would seem churlish not to give him a post .
Dick was born in Indonesia. He was educated at Charterhouse School and Oxford and became a barrister. He contested Putney in 1959 coming second. He was elected for Lincoln at a by-election in 1962. He was a minister in Harold Wilson' government, rising to Financial Secretary to the Treasury in 1969. In 1970 he became the first Director of the Institute for Fiscal Studies. When Ted Heath took Britain into the E.E.C. Dick's local party took a very anti-European line and in 1972 demanded Dick stand down for supporting Europe. Instead Dick resigned the Labour whip and along with members who supported him founded the Lincoln Democratic Labour Association. He resigned his seat and resoundingly won it back in a by-election. The Liberals didn't oppose him but they hadn't done since 1964.
Dick published The Future of the Left: Lincoln and After in 1974. He also formed the Campaign for Social Democracy who stood a handful of candidates in February 1974.
Dick held his own seat in a tight three-way contest in February 1974 but was narrowly defeated in October by Margaret Jackson, girlfriend and later wife of his chief opponent in the local party. He wound up the CSD. The Lincoln DLA continued although Dick moved away from the city and the Liberals contested the seat in 1979 pushing their candidate into fourth place. Dick advised them not to stand there and in Brigg but gave them some support in the campaign.
When the SDP was founded in 1981, Dick was quick to sign up and was elected to its national executive. He stood for them in a by-election at Peckham in 1982, coming second to Harriet Harman. He stood in Dulwich in 1983 coming third.
In 1996 Dick became a Liberal Democrat peer. His particular interest is science and in 2002 founded the Sense About Science charity. He published The March of Unreason in 2005 outlining his humanist views. He failed to be elected to Westminster City Council that year. He opposed the Pope's visit in 2010 and is a republican, In 2014 he published his memoirs as Against The Tide.
He is now 90.
Wednesday, 13 February 2019
2182 Cyril Smith
Constituency : Rochdale 1972-92
The vagaries of first past the post meant that a 1% drop in the Liberals' vote share translated to a 50% drop in their seats total as Ted Heath's Tories scored a surprise victory in 1970. Apparently back to square one, the Liberals in Parliament were effectively reduced to a trio as Russell Johnson busied himself in Europe, Emlyn Hooson was usually in court and Jo Grimond was more than semi-retired.
Things changed rapidly in 1972 with a string of by-election victories starting with Cyril Smith's decisive triumph over Labour at Rochdale. It was Cyril's second attempt at the seat having got into second place in 1970.
This is a tricky post given some personal connections to Cyril and the controversy surrounding him in recent years. He was born in Rochdale, the illegitimate son of the town slut. He was educated at Rochdale Grammar School. He became a supporter of the Liberals as a teenager and found work in a mill at Littleborough, owned by Charles Harvey, nephew of the former Rochdale MP Gordon Harvey. One of his co-workers there was my mother. He left to become a Liberal agent in Stockport for the 1950 and 1951 elections but was advised that the party was doomed and he should switch to Labour. In 1952 he became a Labour councillor. He became a well known local figure as his weight ballooned. He was Mayor in 1966 making his mother Lady Mayoress at the same time as she held the job of cleaner at the Town Hall. He held a number of prominent local positions and helped set up Cambridge House, a home for delinquent boys which is at the root of the accusations against him. In 1966 he resigned from Labour after the group refused to raise council rents and sat as an Independent until 1970 when he rejoined his former party and stood for election. By this point he had already been investigated by police over claims he had physically abused boys at Cambridge House by spanking them with their trousers down but no prosecution resulted. He was a UNitarian
Cyril increased his majority in 1974 and became one of the party's best known figures. He was a robust populist taking positions on abortion and capital punishment which dismayed his colleagues. David Steel made him chief whip but found it very difficult to work with him as Cyril had scant respect for party discipline.
In 1979 a local left wing magazine Rap published details of the Cambridge House allegations. Steel quizzed Cyril about them but accepted the police verdict and indeed the voters' verdict as Cyril more than doubled his majority that year. Cyril became industry spokesman in the new parliament. He was sceptical about the Alliance and said the SDP should be "strangled at birth ".
During the eighties his appearances in Parliament became infrequent. He justified his absences by saying he could do a better job as an MP elsewhere than sitting as "lobby fodder" in a House where one party enjoyed a large majority. In 1985 he sent me some material to help with my dissertation on early twentieth century Liberalism. He was rumoured to be considering standing down in 1986 but he made a rare appearance at a Liberal Assembly that year to announce that he was indeed standing again and enjoyed his sixth and final triumph that year.
In 1988, Cyril fervently supported his colleague David Alton's bill to tighten up the abortion laws and was reprimanded for describing his opponents as "murderers in the womb" when it was talked out. That was pretty much it as far as Parliament was concerned and he had the poorest voting record of any MP in his final years. He was knighted in 1988 and appeared in an advert for American Express.
Cyril was still active in the local party for some years afterwards. I last saw him in the flesh at the wake following his successor Liz Lynne's defeat in 1997. I heard him speak on a number of occasions but never actually had a conversation with him. I last saw him on TV in a documentary about one-hit wonders; he was appearing with Don Estelle in Rochdale Market doing the Windsor Davies part in a version of Whispering Grass.
Cyril was regularly embarrassed by having to do interviews whenever Rochdale FC had a Cup run or a televised game. Cyril had zero interest in football and had trouble faking it. Before a Sky game circa 1999 he came out with the lame comment that "they don't do any harm" which is still remembered at Spotland.
In 2008 the New Statesman accused Cyril of presenting the case for the local asbestos company Turner's which had actually been prepared by the company itself. At best this was a very lazy way of supporting a local employer but he later admitted to having shares in the company. By that point Cyril was suffering from cancer and losing weight rapidly.
He died in 2010 aged 82. Two years later the then-current Labour MP for Rochdale Simon Danczuk accused him of child abuse in Parliament and followed it up with a book very light on dates and lacking any accusations about people who were still alive. I don't know what to make of it all but certainly there's been some very lazy journalism in covering the allegations because some of the propositions are utterly ludicrous.
Nobody seemed inclined to consider that Danczuk, who'd only scraped home because dozy local Tories forgot they needed to vote tactically, had a vested interest in smearing the Liberal Democrats.
The proposition that MI5 repeatedly intervened to protect him as part of an Establishment cover-up is preposterous. Cyril was an obscure Northern politician then a lone wolf in a party with a mere handful of MPs. When on earth was he part of the "Establishment" ? He's accused of clandestine activities in a London paedophile ring but he was the most easily recognisable man in the country; he couldn't go anywhere in secret. . Geoffrey Dickens the neighbouring Tory MP seemingly rehabilitated for his "dossier" on Westminster paedophiles used a picture of him and Cyril together and an apparent endorsement in his 1992 election leaflets so Cyril can't have been in it.
The police decision not to prosecute Cyril over the Cambridge House incidents is perfectly understandable in the context of the late sixties without any need for conspiracy theory. Cyril's spankings would have been viewed as a humiliation punishment rather than a sexual offence and the recipients were all juvenile delinquents. Even if a jury believed he'd done it, they would have applauded his actions and acquitted him. Taking the case further would have been a complete waste of public money.
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