Monday 1 July 2013
195 Sir Robert Peel
Constituency : Tamworth 1850-78 1878-80, Huntingdon 1884-5, Blackburn 1885-6 (Conservative)
Sir Robert was the eldest son of the famous prime minister and the one that achieved the greatest prominence although he was ultimately an unsuccessful politician.
Robert was educated at Harrow and Oxford and became a diplomat working mainly in Switzerland. He attracted the attention and became a favourite of Palmerston, Foreign Secretary for most of his diplomatic career. On his father's death in 1850 he resigned his post and succeeded his father as one of Tamworth's MPs at 28. He was a debonair figure with oratorical gifts of humour , irony and a commanding voice. In 1854 he barely survived a shipwreck off the coast of Italy. The following year Palmerston made him a junior lord of the admiralty. Robert stayed put when other Peelites left the government. In 1856 he accompanied Lord Granville to Russia for the new Tsar's coronation but the following year offended the Russians and Queen Victoria with some injudicious remarks about the Russian court at a banquet, the first instance of the impulsive outspokenness and lack of judgement that was to dog his career.
In 1861 Palmerston promoted Robert to Chief Secretary for Ireland partly because he wanted to cultivate the Irish Protestant vote and be less reliant on the wayward Catholic Liberal MPs. Robert shared his distaste for Catholicism and duly gave offence to prominent Irish Catholics. such as The O'Donoghue although his motor tours talking to the peasantry won him some popularity. Archbishop Cullen said in 1864, " the people of Ireland are heartily tired of Lord Palmerston and Sir Robert Peel ... they are persuaded no justice or fair play can be expected as long as they are in power". In security terms his tenure was a success; he had regular meetings with the head of the police to enforce a policy of "active surveillance" and Fenianism was suppressed.
Robert's ministerial career came to an end with Palmerston's death. Russell sacked him on the grounds that he had been working against the interests of the Liberal party during the 1865 election campaign and he never held office again. He did not as may have been expected join the Adullamites though he did vote with Disraeli on "passing the fine" in the Reform debates.
Robert was a persistent critic of Gladstone. He reverted to the Liberal-Conservative designation in 1874 and broke with him completely on the Eastern Question. He abandoned Tamworth in 1880 and fought Gravesend for the Conservatives but was defeated, the Liberals chalking up a gain. Robert remained active as a loud critic of the Gladstone administration's failures in Egypt and Ireland and eventually returned as Conservative MP for Huntingdon in a by-election in 1884.
Robert switched to Blackburn for the 1885 election but then flummoxed his new party by being the only Tory to abstain on Gladstone's Home Rule Bill. He was soon reconciled with Gladstone and at the 1886 election he stood for the Liberals again at Inverness Burghs against the defector Robert Finlay but failed to unseat him. He was now a full blooded Home Rule supporter and attempted to get back in at the Brighton by-election of 1889 but he was hammered.
Robert was a keen horse breeder but later in life became financially embarrassed. He sold his father's art collection to the National Gallery in 1871.
He died of a brain haemorrhage in 1894 aged 73.
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