Sunday 2 June 2013
166 Sir Joseph Paxton
Constituency : Coventry 1854-65
I had no idea that this guy was a politician in addition to his other talents. Joseph was a farmer's son from Bedfordshire who started out as a garden boy. He went on to the Royal Horticultural Society where his work caught the eye of the Duke of Devonshire and he became Head Gardener at Chatsworth. His relationship with the Duke was as much a friendship as master/servant and they did much travelling together while Joseph's wife Sarah managed the estate. After redeveloping the gardens he progressed to designing experimental greenhouses. He was also developing a career in railway speculation and was a director of the Midland Railway. It was while in London on their business that he heard of the problems surrounding the design of a building for the Great Exhibition of 1851 and came up with his masterpiece, the Crystal Palace. He was knighted as a result. He went on to design country houses such as Mentmore Towers for Baron de Rothschild. He never acquired formal qualifications as either an architect or civil engineer.
He was invited by the local Liberals to contest Coventry at a by-election in 1854 after designing the municipal cemetery there. He had previously rejected an offer from Nottingham. Although unopposed he took his duties very seriously and called on a huge number of voters. In 1855 he presented a visionary redevelopment scheme for Central London called the Great Victorian Way to the select committee on metropolitan communications but it was never adopted. In 1857 Joseph was faced with a rival Liberal because he had voted against Palmerston in the China debate and he was smeared as pro-Russian because he had accepted a Russian honour in the 1840s but he withstood the challenge and he and Ellice were unopposed in 1859.
Joseph came under pressure in the early 1860s because Cobden's Anglo-French treaty was unfavourable to the city's silk industry and Joseph was accused of not doing enough to protect it. He was also noted for his strong opposition to an 1861 motion calling for increased regulation for rail passenger's safety which left him open to the charge of letting personal interest influence his policy
Over -work and over-indulgence caused Joseph's health to decline and he had already announced he was stepping down at the next election when he died of heart and liver failure in 1865 at the age of 61. The Conservatives took the seat in the by-election as a result of Cobden's treaty.
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