Tuesday 1 January 2013
7. Mountstuart Duff
Constituency : Elgin Burghs 1857-81
Mountstuart is the first MP in our survey to survive into the twentieth century. His father was an administrator in India and also a historian of the subcontinent. He inherited a Scottish estate through his wife. He studied at Balliol where a problem with his eyesight developed that was to dog him all his life. He practised as a barrister before going into politics . He was 28 when first elected.
Despite not being an accomplished speaker he sought to politically educate his electors with annual addresses which were later published. The Times obituary described him as "a staunch and thoroughgoing Cobdenite". It also suggested that he was sometimes just a bit too philosophical to be a really effective politician.His main interests in politics were education and foreign policy making frequent trips abroad to keep himself informed. This expertise brought him to the notice of Gladstone who made him Under-Secretary of State for India in 1868. He was a loyal deputy to the Duke of Argyll and accepted responsibility for the so-called Kuka massacre. When Gladstone returned to power in 1880 he was made a Privy Councillor and Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies. A year later he resigned his seat on becoming Governor of Madras.
Mountstuart held the position for five years. His performance satisfied the government but not the local Indians. He was deemed to be out of his depth, lethargic and not in full control of his permanent officials. Gladstone tried to make him a peer at the end of his tenure but failed.
Mountstuart did not attempt to re-enter Parliament on his return, partly because he was strongly opposed to Gladstone's Home Rule policy, devoting the rest of his life to scholarly pursuits. He had long organised a Breakfast Club for political and intellectual discussion.He did however act as chair of the Liberty and Property Defence League aimed at resisting socialist tendencies in the Liberal Party. He was President of the Royal Geographical Society from 1889 to 1892 and then of the Royal Historical Society to 1899. He was a great curator with an anxiety to preserve things he'd heard with the strictest accuracy. He published some well-received diaries and other works on India and politics. He was the grandfather of the author and journalist Sheila Ann Duff.
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