Thursday, 21 March 2019
2218 Shirley Williams
Constituency : Hitchin 1964-74, Hertford and Stevenage 1974-79 ( Labour ), Crosby 1981-83( SDP )
Shirley joined David Owen and Bill Rodgers in Parliament after a spectacular by-election triumph at Crosby overturning a 19,000 Tory majority.
Shirley was born in Chelsea. Her father was a political scientist, her mother the writer Vera Brittain, famous for her war memoir Testament of Youth. She was educated at various schools then evacuated to America during the war. She returned to study at Oxford where she was active in amateur dramatics and the Labour Club. She became a journalist and in 1960 General Secretary of the Fabian Society. She contested Harwich in 1954 and 1955 and Southampton Test in 1959. She was elected for Hitchin in 1964 and became a junior minister in Wilson's government. He predicted that she would one day lead the party. She was a member of Labour's national executive committee where Dennis Skinner gave her a hard time. She became shadow Home Affairs spokesman but joined the Cabinet as Secretary for Prices and Consumer Protection. In 1976 she became Education Secretary and Paymaster General.She attracted controversy for her advocacy of comprehensive education while sending her daughter to a private school. She was also heavily criticised for visiting the picket line at the Grunwick photo-processing factory though there had been no violence at that point. Shirley's defeat in 1979, subsequently attributed to teachers' dissatisfaction with their pay deal ,was highly unexpected and the major surprise of the election.
Shirley then had a brief spell hosting a political chat show , Shirley Williams in Conversation on BBC One
Shirley dismissed Roy Jenkins' call for a centre party in 1979 but then joined forces with Owen and Rodgers in the Gang of Three which became the Gang of Four with Jenkins and launched the SDP. Already having something of a reputation for disorganisation, Shirley now started to acquire one for indecision. She ducked the challenge of contesting the Warrington by-election which Jenkins took up and so made himself frontrunner for the leadership, then failed to assert herself against Bill Pitt in Croydon. She then announced her candidature for Crosby at the SDP Conference without letting David Steel know beforehand.
Once Shirley had been elected , Owen wanted her to stand for leader against Jenkins but had to do it himself. Shirley became President of the party instead which gave her a role after she was defeated in 1983 probably due to boundary changes.
Shirley contested the winnable seat of Cambridge in 1987 and though she slightly increased the SDP vote, she was unable to squeeze the Labour vote as the Alliance campaign faltered. She presided over some ill-natured debates on merger which she herself supported.
Shirley then moved to America and became a lecturer at the Harvard School of Government. She assisted emerging democracies in the Soviet bloc. When she returned to Britain in 1993 she was ennobled as Baroness Williams. She succeeded Bill Rodgers as Liberal Democrat leader in the Lords in 2001 and served until 2004.
In 2007 Shirley accepted a role as a government advisor on nuclear proliferation.
Shirley is a practising Catholic. She has written a number of books on politics.
She retired from the House of Lords in 2016.
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