Tuesday, 16 April 2013
118 Sir Wifrid Lawson
Constituency : Carlisle 1859-65, 1868-85, Cockermouth 1886-1900, 1906, Camborne 1903-06
Sir Wilfrid was a landowning baronet and the nephew of the leading Peelite Sir James Graham. He was brought up in Cumbria and became a great country sports enthusiast purchasing the pack of legendary huntsman John Peel after his death. He was privately educated at home.
Wilfrid was always in the vanguard of advanced Liberalism and began his political career as a devout Cobdenite Radical. He first stood as such in the unpromising 1857 election in the West Cumberland seat which was in the pocket of the Lowthers and came in a distant third.
In 1859 Wilfrid was invited to run with his uncle in Carlisle who informed the local agent "Lawson and his father sincerely entertain extreme opinions and may be considered partisans of Mr Bright . Lawson would go the whole way". Wilfrid came in second.
Wilfirid made his maiden speech in 1860 supporting the introduction of the secret ballot and soon acquired a reputation as an erudite and witty parliamentarian. He welcomed Gladstone's apparent acceptance of universal suffrage in 1864. That same year he introduced the Permissive Bill, the first salvo in his lifelong battle against the liquor trade for which he struggled to find a seconder. The principle was that districts could outlaw alcohol on a ratepayers' ballot. It was heavily defeated and probably accounted for him losing his seat to the Tories in 1865, The Times suggesting that no constituency would select him again. He toyed with the idea of fighting Cockermouth in 1866 when the Tory Lord Naas was appointed Irish Secretary but withdrew from the contest.
In 1868 he returned in triumph at Carlisle heading the poll despite a ferocious assault from the Dean of Carlisle aghast at his support for Irish disestablishment. In 1870 he put down a motion condemning the opium trade " We go on to this day merrily poisoning the Chinese with opium as we do our own people with alcohol" . On some divisions he was almost alone such as on Dilke's demands for accountable royal finances or Gladstone's request for increased army estimates at the time of the Franco-Prussian War. He proudly declared "I am a fanatic, a faddist and an "extreme man" , opposed to the peerage, the beerage and war".
In the 1874-80 Parliament he was a consistent opponent of Disraeli's imperial adventures. In 1877 he was the only English Liberal to speak in support of Isaac Butt's Home Rule motion. In 1880 he supported Bradlaugh's right to take his seat but became a fierce opponent of British policy in Egypt declaring it "perfectly abominable to see men whom they respected, whom they believed in , whom they had placed in power, overturning every principle they had professed, carrying out a policy that was abhorrent to every lover of justice and of right".
As a result of the 1884 Reform Act Carlisle had been reduced to a single member constituency so Wilfrid decided to contest Cockermouth in 1885 but he lost out by 10 votes thus being out of Parliament for the great Home Rule schism. He was fierce in condemning the defectors and at the 1886 election was one of only three Gladstonians to capture a seat from the Tories winning Cockermouth by over 1,000 votes. He was a fierce critic of Balfour's coercion policies.
As the Liberal party swung to the left in the wake of the Whigs' departure, Wilfrid found himself closer to the mainstream in the party. He was delighted by Gladstone's acceptance of the Newcastle Programme which enshrined many of the causes he held most dear - "If the chartists could rise from their graves they would not believe that the Liberal Party had absolutely homologated those great reforms". Wilfrid became an enthusiastic Home Ruler to clear the path to these domestic reforms and was furious when the Lords rejected Gladstone's final Home Rule Bill. In 1894 he described the Lords as a "medieval monstrosity" and supported its abolition rather than reform.
Predictably Wilfrid was a fierce opponent of the Boer War and continually voted against the supply for Kitchener's army. This led to his inevitable defeat in 1900. In 1903 the Camborne Liberal Association invited him to contest a by-election there with the understanding that he was free to return to Cockermouth at the next general election. Wilfrid accepted and won the seat with a huge majority. As expected he returned to Cockermouth in 1906 and won by over 600 votes. He was the only MP from the class of 1859 ( few were still alive ) to be elected in the 1906 landslide.
Less than six months later he died peacefully in his sleep at the age of 76. His son Wilfrid eventually succeeded him in the seat.
Wilfrid was President of the United Kingdom Alliance ( against drink ) from 1879 until his death.
A number of memorials to Wilfrid and his work exist. One of these is a memorial statue in Victoria Embankment Gardens unveiled in 1908 by the Prime Minister Asquith who said " Sir Wilfrid was one of the most remarkable and certainly one of the most attractive political characters of the times. He was an apostle not of lost , but gaining causes, content for most of his life to be in the minority, but watching year by year the minority slowly developing into the majority of the future".
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