Saturday, 13 April 2013
114 Thomas Milner Gibson
Constituency : Ipswich 1837-9 ( Tory), Manchester 1841-57, Ashton-under-Lyne 1857-68
We now move to the north west.
Thomas was the son of an army officer from Suffolk who was serving in Trinidad at the time of hs birth. He was educated at a number of schools before going to Cambridge. He started political life as a Tory and was elected for Ipswich at 31. However he had a Pauline conversion to the Liberal cause and honourably resigned his seat, being defeated at the by-election. He became a zealous free trader and despite being a landowner rather than businessman became "third man" of the Manchester School. He was a major asset to the Anti-Corn Law League as an accomplished orator with a noted sense of humour. He returned as MP for the city in 1841. When Russell came to power in 1846 he made Thomas Vice-President of the Board of Trade with a view to promoting free trade policies. He held the post until 1848 when he resigned fearing that his association with the government might compromise his constituency support. As a leading member of the "Peace Party" and a strong critic of Palmerston ( he seconded the motion of censure on his Chinese policy and opposed the Crimean War ) who denounced him as unpatriotic , he lost his seat in 1857 but managed to get back in for Ashton-under-Lyne. This enabled him to propose the motion against the Conspiracy Bill in 1858 which brought down Palmerston's government; indeed it was said to be his speech that alerted Lord Derby that a government defeat was possible. Thomas himself had not expected the result.
In 1859 , after being returned unopposed, Thomas accepted Cabinet Office from Palmerston as President of the Board of Trade to cement the Liberal Party, for which he was criticised by his old ally Cobden despite the latter's pledge to support the government while he remained in it.. Palmerston's acceptance of Russell's £6 borough franchise made it easier for him to accept office as the radical representative in the Cabinet. He allowed himself to be persuaded that the abandonment of the Bill in 1860 was justified by the lack of enthusiasm in the country. He maintained " it is of no use to complain of governments being exclusive and aristocratic if when they open the door you won't enter". He supported Cobden's commercial treaty with France in the hope that it would reduce the public appetite for rearmament. Nevertheless Cobden still came to regard him as "the buffer to prevent our hitting his chief as he deserves."
Thomas was an enthusiastic supporter of Gladstone's attempt to reduce the paper duties as a former president of the Association for the Repeal of Taxes On Knowledge though he did not favour a major clash with the Lords on the subject. Never as isolationist as Cobden or Bright, he came round to view Palmerston's foreign policy as rational and defensive-minded. He was also one of the more hawkish members of the Cabinet on Italy. He supported Lewis's objections to mediation in the American Civil War . Bright declared that he had become a Whig but they remained friends and Thomas wrote to him for campaign ideas in 1865 saying "office seems to have caused a vacuity in my mind ... I wish you would give me a little hint of the right thing to say at this time."
Thomas was regarded as a successful minister adept at disarming opposition in the corridors of power. He criticised Europe's reluctance to abandon protectionism "the liberality has all been on our side".
Thomas was a Low Church Anglican who severely criticised Disraeli for his attempts to ally with Irish Catholics : "such a combination... was not one that could, or ever ought to, govern England; or ... ever could promote the cause of civil and religious liberty".
Thomas had a relationship with a servant girl and through their liaison became great-grandfather to the Mitford sisters. He was a keen amateur yachtsman.
Thomas was defeated by anti-Irish feeling in Lancashire in 1868 and decided to retire from active politics but maintained a Liberal salon at his home for many years afterwards. In 1869 he declined the governorship of Mauritius. He died on his yacht in Algiers in 1884 aged 77.
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