Thursday, 31 January 2019
2169 Jeremy Thorpe
Constituency : Devon North 1959-79
The 1959 election was another disappointment for the Liberals. They put up twice as many candidates and accordingly doubled their vote but remained stuck on just six seats.
Jeremy provided the Liberals with their greatest reason to cheer by taking Devon North from the Tories at the second attempt with a majority of 362.
Jeremy was the son of a former Conservative MP. His mother was also the offspring of a Tory MP. His mother was a friend of Megan Lloyd-George who became his godmother. His education was interrupted by the war as he was evacuated to New England. He then started at Eton in 1943. He went on to Oxford where he was more interested in building up social and political connections. He soon became president of the Liberal Club and in 1950, president of the Union itself. In 1950 and 1951 he worked for Dingle Foot in his efforts to be elected for Cornwall North. He joined the Radical Reform Group in the party. In 1955 he managed to leap above Labour into second place. While building his reputation in the seat he worked briefly as a barrister and then a television journalist working for ITV. He turned down a promotion to continue his political career. He worked hard to get Mark Bonham-Carter elected in the Torrington by-election. Despite his growing celebrity Jeremy was leading a risky double life with homosexual liaisons.
Jeremy made his mark as a parliamentarian not afraid to back unpopular causes such as immigration, Europe and the abolition of capital punishment. He balanced this with a keen wit notably in his pithy comment about McMillan, "Greater love hath no man than this, that he lay down his life for his friends".
Jeremy helped develop the strategy of concentrating on target seats and winning by-elections. He increased his majority to nearly 5,000 votes in 1964. He was now seen as Grimond's most likely successor and in 1965 became party treasurer. He toured Africa and warned Wilson about Rhodesia's secession. He called for the country's rail link to be bombed. In 1966 he saw some fruits from the winnable seats strategy though his own majority dropped sharply.
In 1967 Jeremy became party leader , defeating Eric Lubbock and Emlyn Hooson in an election restricted to the party's twelve MPs. Despite his own radical credentials , he had difficulty restraining the far left Young Liberals when the party needed to tack to the right. He married his first wife in 1968.
The 1970 election was another disaster as the Liberals were reduced to just 6 seats and Jertemy himself narrowly escaped defeat. His position was under threat but his wife's death in a car crash took the political pressure off. He helped ensure the passage of the European Community Bill and by-elections started going his way.
Jeremy's greatest triumph was the February 1974 election achieving the highest ever Liberal vote and the biggest share since 1929 but the electoral system restricted the Liberals to just 14 seats. The lack of a clear winner saw him invited to talks with Ted Heath. He was offered a Cabinet seat but could not secure concessions on electoral reform. Therefore Wilson became Prime Minister once more. In the October 1974 election, the Liberals slipped back a bit losing one of their seats.
Jeremy had other concerns. He had long been subject to threats and blackmail attempts from a young man named Norman Scott who claimed that he and Jeremy had a homosexual relationship in the early sixties. Jeremy and his friend Peter Bessell had been using party funds to keep him quiet for years without much success. Scott secured a party enquiry in 1971 after approaching Emlyn Hooson but his behaviour torpedoed his chances of being taken seriously.
No one can be sure exactly what transpired next. Bessell claimed much later that Jeremy had discussed having Scott killed with him in the sixties. What is undeniable is that Jeremy gave money donated by a millionaire to his friend David Holmes. Through a couple of intermediaries , Holmes hired an airline pilot Andrew Newton for some purpose relating to Scott. The affair unravelled when Newton shot Scott's dog. He was quickly arrested but did not finger Jeremy or anyone else at that point. The press however were now on the case and he had to deny any relationship with Scott.He was then forced to publish letters which pointed to the contrary and he was obliged to resign in May 1976. The new leader David Steel made him spokesman on foreign affairs and he was instrumental in helping constructy the Lib-Lab pact.
In October 1977 Newton was released from prison and sold his story to the press. The police got involved and in August 1978 he was charged with conspiracy to muder alongside Holmes and his friends. He was released on bail and made an embarrassing appearance at the Liberal party assembly in September. He managed to postpone the trial until after the 1979 election in which he lost his sear by 8,000 votes.
Jeremy did not give evidence at the trial, relying on the advice of his barrister George Carman that the weakness of the prosecution witnesses Scott , Newton and Bessell would see him through. That proved to be correct and all the defendants were acquitted.
Jeremy was free but had no hope of resurrecting his political career and retired into private life with his second wife Marion who stood by him throughout the scandal. In 1985 he made public his diagnosis with Parkinson's Disease and appeared little in public thereafter though the couple remained supportive of the local Liberal association.
Although Jeremy's wit and charm undoubtedly helped to further the Liberal revival begun under Grmond, he has also been criticised as a shallow thinker who failed to develop a coherent strategic direction for the party.
He died in 2014 aged 85.
Wednesday, 30 January 2019
2168 Mark Bonham-Carter
Constituency : Torrington 1958-9
Clement Davies declined an invitation to join Churchill's government after the 1951 election but this failed to prevent another stream of defections to Labour mot notably Megan Lloyd-George. At the 1955 election the party was able to contest a few more seats and thus slightly increase its vote but remained stuck on 6 seats. This persuaded Davies to step down in 1956 in favour of Jo Grimond. His leadership suffered an early blow when the death of Rhys Hopkin-Morris died in 1957 and Lloyd-George captured his seat for Labour reducing the Liberal tally to 5.
The following year Mark restored the number to 6 by taking Torrington after the death of Viscount Lambert which meant his son vacating the seat. He won by 219 votes in a three-cornered contest in a seat the Liberals hadn't contested since 1950. The result helped to bring an end to the National Liberal party although the new Conservative candidate hadn't used the label. His victory, the first Liberal by-election gain since 1929, owed a lot to the energy of a young man from the neighbouring constituency named Jeremy Thorpe. The result was a sensation although the Liberals had done well in a couple of previous by-elections.
Mark was the grandson of Herbert Asquith and brother-in-law of Jo Grimond. He was educated at Winchester and Oxford. He joined the Grenadier Guards in 1941 and was captured by the Italians in 1943. He was imprisoned in Italy but escaped and walked hundreds of miles to return to British lines. He stood for Barnstaple in 1945 coming second in a three-cornered contest. After graduating he went into publishing.
Mark's maiden speech expressed sympathy with striking London bus workers.
Grimond hoped Mark might succeed him but Mark lost narrowly in 1959. He blamed his defeat on his support for Britain joining the EEC with the Tory candidate predicting ruin for the farmer.
He was narrowly defeated again in 1964 when his Labour opponent was David Owen. He remained an advisor to Grimond throughout his leadership. He was also a good friend of Roy Jenkins whose books his firm published. He was the first chairman of the Race Relations Board and then the Community Relations Commission. He was prominent in the arts being a director of the Royal Opera House, a governor of the Royal Ballet and vice-chair of the BBC. Margaret Thatcher vetoed his move to the chairmanship. In 1986 he became Baron Bonham-Carter and spoke for the Liberal peers on foreign affairs. He backed granting British citizenship to ethnic minorities in Hong Kong.
Mark was a slightly-built personable man.
He died of a heart attack in Italy in 1994 aged 72.
Tuesday, 29 January 2019
2167 Arthur Holt
Constituency : Bolton West 1951-64
The parliament elected in 1950 didn't last long. Attlee didn't fancy soldiering on with a tiny majority or relying on a fractious parliamentary Liberal party as Megan Lloyd-George suggested. The resulting election saw a Conservative victory and a reduction of the Liberal haul to 6 seats. They had only been able to contest 109. Clement Davies had the consolation that it was his internal foes that bit the dust with Lloyd-George, Edgar Granville and Emrys Roberts all defeated.
Arthur ran a hosiery company in Bolton. He was educated at Mill Hill School and Manchester University.He served in World War Two and was captured at Singapore. He worked on the notorious Burma railway.
Arthur was the Liberals' only new face. He won Bolton West in similar circumstances to Donald Wade in Huddersfield although the pact was more formal in Bolton. Arthur won by nearly 3,000 votes in a straight fight with Labour. He and Wade were now the only Liberal MPs in England.
Arthur succeeded Wade as Chief Whip in 1952.
Arthur won more comfortably in 1955 and 1959. The pact ended in the early sixties and Arthur came third in the 1964 election.
Arthur was President of the Liberal Party in 1974-75.
He died in 1995 aged 81.
Monday, 28 January 2019
2166 Donald Wade
Constituency : Huddersfield West 1950-64
In Huddersfield the two Liberal factions had been able to reunite after the defeat of William Mabane and maintain a strong organisation. This enabled them to negotiate a gentleman's agreement with the Tories when the constituency was split in 1950. The Tories would contest the East half and the Liberals the West. This enabled Donald to win the seat by nearly 7,000 votes over Labour. He promised not to give a vote of confidence to a government committed to "further Socialist measures".
Donald was born in Ilkley to a wealthy Congregationalist family. After suffering from polio he was educated at Mill Hill School and Cambridge. He lectured in law at Leeds University before becoming a solicitor. He wrote pamphlets for the party and served on the party executive from 1949.
Although the circumstances of his election caused some consternation, Donald was actually a left-leaning Liberal. He was a delegate to the Congress on World Government in 1951. He protested at British Rail's colour bar that year. He supported the Schuman Declaration which led to the E.E.C. and voted against commercial television in 1954 , believing it would lower standards. He remained a temperance advocate despite the unfashionability of the cause. However, he was criticised for sponsoring a drinks reception at the House.
Donald kept the pact alive despite it ceasing in local elections in 1956 and its failure to deliver Conservative victories in Huddersfield East. He held his seat comfortably in 1951, 1955 and 1959. He became chief whip when Jo Grimond became leader. He was a key ally of Grimond supporting his ideas on co-ownership. He supported multi-lateral disarmament. He became Deputy-Leader in 1962.
In 1961 the pact ended and both Labour and the Tories predicted Donald would finish third. Instead he finished a good second to Labour in a tight three-cornered contest. Later in the year he was created Baron Wade. He was deputy whip in the Lords and President of the Party in 1967-8. He became chairman of the Yorkshire Committee for Community Relations. He was a steadfast campaigner for enshrining the European Convention on Human Rights into British law.
He died in 1988 aged 84.
Sunday, 27 January 2019
2165 Emlyn Evans
Constituency: Denbigh 1950-9 ( National Liberal )
Emlyn is the only one of the new "National Liberals" I consider to be worthy of inclusion here. He succeeded Henry Morris-Jones as National Liberal MP having fought against him as an official Liberal in 1945. He himself was opposed by an official Liberal who ran him close in a three-cornered contest.
Emlyn was a saddler's son from Llangollen. HGe was educated at the local grammar school and Cambridge where he was President of the Union in 1934. He stood for City of Chester in 1935 but came second in a three cornered contest. In 1936 he was elected to the Liberal Party Council. He became editor of the New Commonwealth Quarterly in 1935. He helped found the World Youth Congress in 1936. That same year he was arrested in Germany for promoting "anti-fascist views". He served in the RAF during World War Two finishing with the rank of Wing Commander. He came second in Denbigh in 1945 in a three-cornered contest. He became a barrister in 1946. He drifted towards the Liberal Nationals and signed the Design for Freedom joint statement of principles with the Tories. He joined the party in 1947.
In 1950 Emlyn broke with the Woolton-Teviot agreement by referring to himself as a National Liberal only in his election literature ; it's a measure of the imbalance of power that Tory candidates were not required to identify themselves as National Liberals.
Emlyn's maiden speech supported the Schumann Plan and called on the Labour government to be more internationalist. In Parliament he called for more ministerial support for Wales and support for the Welsh language. He voted against a devolved Welsh Parliament in 1956.
Emlyn was re-elected comfortably in 1951 and 1955 as the Liberals and Labour jostled to be the main challenger. However the local Tories were concerned about his drinking problem and the Conservative Central Council passed a motion of no confidence in him in 1958. the National Liberals were unhappy about this but Emlyn himself helped to smooth out relations and ensure the parties united behind a new candidate.
He died in 1963 aged 53.
Saturday, 26 January 2019
2164 Archibald McDonald
Constituency : Roxburgh and Selkirk 1950-51
Archibald took Roxburgh and Selkirk at the second attempt in a three-cornered contest.
Archibald was born in South Africa. His father was an eye surgeon from Aberdeen. The family later emigrated to Australia where Archibald was educated at Chatswood Grammar School and the Royal Australian Naval College. He started work as a wool buyer in Australia but then set up a business in Scotland, importing Australian fruit. He tried to enlist in 1939 but was refused due to a thyroid problem. He married the daughter of former Kilmarnock MP Archibald Shaw. Archibald expanded into the paint , cloth and cement businesses. He was persuaded into politics by George Grey who met him at a business meeting. Like Jo Grimond, he would have easily won in 1945 if Labour hadn't stood.
Archibald supported devolution in his maiden speech. He spoke for the Liberals on economic affairs and developed policies on co-ownership in industry.
In 1953 Archibald was a founder member of the Radical Reform Group aimed at stopping the party's drift to the right. Despite entreaties from the local party, Archibald did not stand for Parliament again. By the 1960s he was living in London and became leader of the Liberal group on Hampstead Council in 1962. In 1971. he defected to the Conservatives and served as a councillor for Camden from 1971 to 1976.
He died in 1983 aged 78.
Friday, 25 January 2019
2163 Jo Grimond
Constituency : Orkney and Shetland 1950-83
The Liberals got through the 1945-50 election just about intact after constant in-fighting between right and left-leaning MPs. They fielded more candidates than in any election since 1929 but it did them little good as their number of MPs shrank to nine. A major constituency reorganisation at the election was a mixed blessing.
The Liberal Nationals were widely seen as an anachronism; Simon himself only remained in the fold because Churchill didn't want him in the Conservatives. There was a brief attempt by Davies and his allies to reunite the party but the National Liberals were unwilling to cut ties with the Tories. The Tories then moved in and with the Wooton-Teviot Pact of 1947 merged the two parties at constituency level . This ended any pretence of independence and, unless there's a good reason to the contrary, subsequent National Liberal MPs won't be covered here. Though their representation apparently increased in 1950. most of the newcomers had previously sat or at least stood as Conservatives.
This is a big moment in the blog as we come to the first MP I actually met.
Jo took Orkney and Shetland from the Tories at the second attempt in a three-cornered contest.
Jo was born in Fife, the son of a jute merchant. He was educated at Eton and Oxford. He became a barrister. He served in World War Two as a Major. In 1938 he married Asquith's granddaughter Laura Bonham-Carter. He ran the Tories close in 1945 and would certainly have won it in a straight contest. He worked for the United Nations Relieif and Rehabilitation Administration and then the Scottish National Trust.
Jo became chief whip as Frank Byers had lost his seat.
Jo significantly increased his majority in 1951 and became leader of the party five years later when Clement Davies stepped down.He immediately steered the party to an anti-Suez line. He cut a much more impressive figure in public with his charm, intelligence and oratorical skills. His impact became apparent when the Liberals started winning by-elections in 1958 and increased their seat tally in 1964. He is remembered for starting a debate about realigning the left and his promise to move the party "towards the sound of gunfire ". He also once said "I am not prepared to lead a party of eunuchs". His vision of a radical third force inspired many young radicals to join the party.He mooted the idea of co-operation with Wilson's government with its slim majority but was not taken up on it.
Although popular with the public, Jo's contributions were largely ignored in Parliament . He was good at posing questions but not at making speeches. In 1967 he stepped aside for Jeremy Thorpe. He became interim leader in 1976 when Thorpe had to stand down. He opposed the Lib-Lab pact as the corporate state offended his ideas on personal freedom. He was cool towards the Alliance with the SDP but didn't openly oppose it.
Jo was a prolific author and held a number of academic positions.
Jo stood down in 1983. I met him in Littleborough Square that summer when he was campaigning for the Liberal candidate Richard Knowles. He became Baron Grimond
He died in 1993 following a stroke aged 80.
Thursday, 24 January 2019
2162 Frank Byers
Constituency : Dorset North 1945-50
Frank took Dorset North from the Tories in a straight fight.
Frank was the son of a Lloyds underwriter who stood for Westbury in 1935. He was educated at Westminster School and Oxford where he was a prominent athlete. He was President of the University Liberal Club. He became a barrister. He served in World War Two and rose to lieutenant-colonel. He was on Montgomery's staff for a time.
Frank became Chief Whip when Tom Horabin resigned from the party and was a key ally of Clement Davies. He was an efficient organiser both in the House and in the party at large..
Frank was defeated by 97 votes in 1950 when Labour decided to field a candidate. In 1951 the Tory extended his majority as both men took votes from Labour. In 1960 he contested Bolton East which broke the Liberal-Tory pact in the town. He came third with a quarter of the votes.
In 1964 Frank became a peer and, three years later, Liberal leader in the Lords, a position he held until his death. He was part of the party inquiry into Norman Scott's allegations against Jeremy Thorpe and gave Scott such a hard time that he fled the room in tears.
Frank had business interests and was director of a zinc company from 1962 to 1973. He also did some broadcasting.
He died of a heart attack in 1984 aged 68. He was the grandfather of current Labour MP Lisa Nandy.
Frank is the last of the 1945 intake. There were no by-elections affecting the position of either party in the 1945-50 parliament.
Wednesday, 23 January 2019
2161 George Lambert
Constituency : South Molton 1945-50 ( Liberal National ) , Torrington 1950-8 ( National Liberal and Conservative )
George succeeded his long-serving father of the same name at South Molton. He had an easy win in a straight fight with Labour.
George jnr was educated at Harrow and Oxford. He served in World War Two and became a lieutenant-colonel, travelling the world on War Office business.
Like his father, George's primary interest was in agricultural matters.
In 1950, South Molton was abolished and George won the new sat of Torrington , an easy victory in a three-cornered contest. He had no Liberal opponent at the next two elections.
In 1958, George succeeded his father as Viscount Lambert. This led to the Liberals' famous by-election victory in the seat.
In the 1970s George sold his Devon estates and retired to Switzerland. He died there in 1989 aged 79.
Tuesday, 22 January 2019
2160 David Renton
Constituency : Huntingdonshire 1945-68 ( Liberal National, from 1950 National Liberal and Conservative ) , 1968-79 ( Conservative )
David took over from Sidney Peters at Huntingdonshire. He won comfortably with a Liberal challenger coming third.
David was a doctor's son from Dartford. He was educated at Oundle School and Oxford. where he was President of the Liberal Club. He was a ken cricketer and rugby player. He became a barrister. He served in the Middle East during Wrld War Two and reached the rank of Major. He became president of the British Military Court in Tripoli,
David became friendly with Margaret Thatcher. He helped draft the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950. He was a junior minister in various departments until being sacked in the Night of the Long Knives in 1962. He was a big help to Rab Butler at the Home Office. He took up Recorder positions at Rochester and Guildford during the sixties. He supported joining the EEC. Towards the end of the Heath premiership he chaired a parliamentary committee on drafting legislation.
David had little difficulty holding his seat but clung to the National Liberal label longer than most. He was chair of the party from 1964 and was one of the remaining trio of National Liberal MPs when the party wound itself up in 1968.
David stood down in 1979 and became Baron Renton. He was deputy speaker in the Lords in the eighties. He became president of the Association of Conservative peers in 1998. He played cricket until his late sixties and hunted until 70. He passed his driving test in 2003 aged 95, a record . In 2004 he became the oldest peer.
David had a severely handicapped daughter and was an active supporter of disability charities.
David was slightly built and softly spoken. He had a methodical but effective style.
He died in 2007 aged 98.
Monday, 21 January 2019
2159 George Wadsworth
Constituency : Buckrose 1945-50
George took the always marginal Buckrose from the Tories in a straight fight.
George was from Halifax. He was educated at Heath Grammar School and Willaston College, Nantwich. He was a director of a chemical company. He was the founding chairman of Halifax Round Table. He was a Halifax town councillor from 1938.
In parliament, George served on the Public Accounts Select Committee and went on delegations to Europe.
Buckrose was abolished in 1950. George contested Bridlington but was well beaten by the Tory in a three cornered contest.
George joined the National Liberals and contested Sheffield Hillsborough in 1951 as a National Liberal and Conservative but did little to dent Labour's majority.
He died in 1979 aged 76.
Sunday, 20 January 2019
2158 Sir John Barlow
Constituency : Eddisbury 1945-50 ( National Liberal ) , Middleton and Prestwich 1951-66 ( Conservative )
Sir John recovered Eddisbury for the National Liberals after the 1943 by-election win for the Common Wealth Party whose victor was defending the seat as a Labour candidate.
John was the son of the former Frome MP of the same name. He was educated at Leighton park School, Reading. He worked in his father's rubber trading business. He was also involved in banking. He stood for Northwich in 1929 coming third in a tight three-cornered contest.He inherited his father's baronetcy in 1932.
John had to switch seats in 1950 because Eddisbury was abolished. He tried to recover Walsall from Labour as a National Liberal and Conservative but Labour increased its majority.In 1951 he ditched the National Liberal label and held Middleton and Prestwich as a straight Conservative in a three cornered contest. He held the seat easily until 1964 when the Liberals re-entering the contest eroded his majority. He was defeated in 1966.
John joined the board of the Falkland Islands Company in 1964 and had a longstanding interest in the islands thereafter.
He died in 1986 aged 87.
Saturday, 19 January 2019
2157 Emrys Roberts
Constituency : Merioneth 1945-50
Emrys took over from the long-serving Henry Haydn Jones at Merioneth with a narrow victory over Labour in a four-cornered contest.
Emrys was born in Caernarfon and educated at Caernarfon Grammar School and Cambridge. He served in the RAF in World War Two, reaching the rank of Squadron Leader. He became a barrister in 1944. He was awarded an MBE in 1947.
Emrys allied with Megan Lloyd George and Edgar Granville against Clement Davies' rightward leanings. He was part of a number of parliamentary delegations to Europe and president of the Liberal Party of Wales from 1949 to 1951. He also helped the former launch the Parliament for Wales Campaign in 1950. He retained his seat with an increased majority that year. In 1951 the duo negotiated with Herbert Morrison about a pact but Attlee preferred to call another election,
Emrys was narrowly defeated by Labour in 1951 due to the withdrawal of Plaid Cymru. Unlike his erstwhile allies, he stuck with the Liberal party.
Emrys devoted himself to a business career thereafter. He was a Director of the Branded Textiles Group , chairman of the Mid-Wales Development Corporation from 1966 to 1977 then Chairman of the Development Board for Rural Wales between 1977 and 1981.
Emrys was chair of the National Eistedfodd Council from 1964 to 1967.
In 1982, Emrys urged that the Liberal-SDP Alliance should have a joint leader and merge after the next election.
He died in 1990 aged 80.
Friday, 18 January 2019
2156 Roderic Bowen
Constituency : Cardiganshire 1945-66
Roderic took over from Owen Evans at Cardiganshire with an easy win over Labour. He is the first of our MPs to survive into this century.
Roderic was a magistrate's son . He was educated at Cardigan County School and Cambridge and became a barrister. He was Recorder of Merthyr Tydfil and Carmarthen. He served in Worl War Two as a private before joining the judge advocate general's office.
Roderic had a reputation for being verbose in the Commons although he was often absent on judicial business. He supported Welsh devolution.
In 1950 Roderic won with a barely reduced majority in a three cornered contest. For the next decade the Tories left him unmolested to easily see off Labour ( and in 1959 Plaid Cymru ). Mindful of this, Roderic supported Eden over Suez which brought him into conflict with Jo Grimond who had defeated him for the party leadership in 1955. Conversely,he was also against nuclear weapons
Roderic came under pressure in 1964 when the Tories put up a candidate allowing Labour to eat into his majority. He became Deputy Speaker in 1965 which helped Harold Wilson preserve his majority. One of his main motives for agreeing to this was that Grimond opposed the idea.
Roderic was narrowly defeated by Labour in 1966. George Brown sent him to Aden to investigate army interrogation methods. He became National Insurance Commissioner for Wales and later chaired a government committee on road signs in Wales.
He died in 2001 aged 87.
Thursday, 17 January 2019
2155 Niall Macpherson
Constituency : Dumfriesshire 1945-63 ( Liberal National, from 1950 Liberal National and Conservative )
Niall provided the Liberal Nationals with a new face by holding on to Dumfriesshire in succession to Henry Fildes. He won despite a challenge from a Liberal candidate who came third.
Niall was the nephew of former Liberal minister Lord Strathcaron. He was educated at Fettes College and Oxford. He had business interests in Turkey.He joined the Cameron Highlanders and served in Africa during World War One. He reached the rank of Major.
Niall was Scottish whip for the Tory-National Liberal alliance from 1950 to 1955 when Eden appointed him a junior Scottish minister. In 1960, he became Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade. In 1963 he became Minister of Pensions and National Insurance then Joint Minister of State for Trade and was elevated to the peerage as Baron Drumalbyn. He was Minister without Portfolio throughout Ted Heath's government. He held other public appointments.
After 1945, Niall had a series of easy elections, defeating Labour in straight fights. He was supported by the local Liberal paper and held his surgeries in its offices. He fell out with the editor over his support for the Suez intervention and contrived to have him sacked, an incident which Labour used to embarrass the government. Niall always insisted that he was a Liberal but the interests of Tories and Liberals were identical in resisting socialism.
He died in 1987 aged 79.
Wednesday, 16 January 2019
2154 John MacLeod
Constituency : Ross and Cromarty 1945-64 ( Independent Liberal to 1947, then National Liberal and Conservative )
The 1945 election was another disaster for the Liberals who entered the contest with a full slate of candidates and plenty of optimism. Instead it was Labour who capitalised on the anti-establishment mood and incidentally completed the job of evicting the Liberals from their last urban strongholds. Sinclair himself was defeated and the party shrank to just 12 seats mainly in Wales. The only consolation was that the National Liberals were cut down to 12 as well with leader Ernest Brown among the casualties.
John was elected at Ross and Cromarty in complicated circumstances. Malcolm McDonald the National Labour incumbent opted for a diplomatic career and stood down. John was nominated by the Ross-shire Liberal Association which was not affiliated to either Liberal faction and found himself with only a Labour opponent to defeat which he did easily. He declared himself a supporter of Churchill during the campaign.
John was the son of a whiskey manufacturer from Skye. The family also had estates on the island. He was educated at Fettes College, Edinburgh. He sold woven articles on Skye. He joined the Cameron Highlanders in 1935 and served as a captain in France where he was captured and held as a prisoner of war for the rest of the conflict.
John intended to take the Liberal whip under Sinclair who would have been his constituency neighbour. With that option gone, he decided to throw in his lot with the Liberal Nationals ,who held on to 4 Scottish seats, in 1947.
John was an assiduous constituency MP whose main interests were hill farming and textiles. He supported the alliance with the Tories though he rebelled on occasions particularly over Beeching's railway cuts. He campaigned for better roads in the Highlands and an end to drinking restrictions. He was knighted in 1963.
John was left undisturbed by the Liberals until 1959 then five years later he was defeated by Alasdair McKenzie who took the Liberals from third to first place.
John returned to Skye and selling tweed internationally. His later years were dogged by illness.
He died in 1984 aged 71.
Tuesday, 15 January 2019
2153 Donald Bennett
Constituency : Middlesbrough West 1945
Donald took over from the deceased Harcourt Johnstone at Middlesbrough West following the latter's death. He was selected despite having tried to be a Conservative candidate at Macclesfield a year earlier. He was elected unopposed.
Ronald was born in Australia. He was educated at Brisbane Grammar School and joined the Royal Australian Air Force in 1930. He switched to the RAF a year later. He worked as an instructor before becoming a commercial pilot with Imperial Airways. He broke records and pioneered air-to-air refuelling. In 1936 he published the first edition of a seminal air navigator's manual. In 1940 he worked on the Atlantic Ferry Organisation moving planes from America to Britain then rejoined the RAF as a squadron leader. He oversaw navigational training but was soon promoted to wing commander. He won the DSO after leading a raid on the German ship Tirpitz. He was given command of the Pathfinder Group by Bomber Harris and promoted to air vice -marshal. Donald had an aloof personality and felt himself an outsider as an Australian. He was not knighted at the end of the war.
Donald served for just a few weeks in Parliament. He was defeated by Labour in 1945 despite the lack of a Tory candidate.
Donald went into business designing cars and light aircraft. He was a director of British South American Airways.
In 1948, Donald stood at Croydon North in a by-election in 1948 but came a poor third. He did slightly better at Norwich North in 1950 but still came third.
In 1958 Donald published his autobiography Pathfinder. In 1962 , he reopened Blackbushe Airport.
In the 1960s Donald left the Liberal party and drifted towards the far right. In 1967 he stood at the Nuneaton by-election for the obscure National Party in its only parliamentary contest. He came fifth with a derisory vote. In the seventies he supported the National Independence Party, a breakaway group from the National Front. .
He died in 1986 aged 76.
Donald was the last Liberal elected to the wartime parliament. We now move on to the 1945 election.
Monday, 14 January 2019
2152 Seaborne Davies
Constituency : Caernarfon Boroughs 1945
By 1945, age had finally caught up with Lloyd George and he was little seen in the House after 1943. It was proposed to allow him a free run in the postwar election. The Tories were willing but Labour objected that it was effectively disenfranchising the constituency to maintain an invalid in the seat. Lloyd George was therefore persuaded to accept a peerage and resign his seat after 54 years. Seaborne was selected for the by-election and had an easy victory over Plaid Cymru. He campaigned on the need for a Secretary of State for Wales.
Seaborne was born in Pwllheli and educated at the local grammar school and Cambridge.He became a barrister but was more interested in lecturing than practising. He taught at the University of London from 1929 to 1945. He worked in the Nationality Division of the Home Office during World War Two.
Seaborne was an MP for just three months and never got to speak in the Commons. He came second to the Tories in a tight three cornered race ( with Plaid Cymru as also-rans ).
After his defeat, Seaborne became Chair of Common law at the University of Liverpool. He held a number of public appointments .He was a member of the Criminal Law Revision Committee and a large influence on the Theft Act 1968. He was also an expert on patents with many published articles on the subject.
Seaborne retired in 1971 devoting himself to rugby union and after-dinner speaking.
He died in 1984 aged 80.
Sunday, 13 January 2019
2151 Sir William Beveridge
Constituency : Berwick-upon-Tweed 1944-5
William took over at Berwick following the death of George Grey. He had only recently joined the Liberal party asfter a long association with the Fabians. He easily defeated an Independent challenger.
William was born in India to a British civil servant. He was educated at Charterhouse and Oxford. He became a solicitor but was more interested in writing on social questions. He became friendly with the Webbs and quickly became an expert on unemployment insurance. Churchill brought him into the Board of Trade to work on labour exchanges and national insurance. He worked on manpower during World War One. He was knighted and became permanent secretary to the Ministry of Food. A year later he left to become director of the London School of Economics and Political Science. He published a number of influential works on economic and political questions. William was an agnostic and a keen advocate of eugenics suggesting schemes to encourage middle class parents to have more children. His departure from the School in 1937 was partly down to arguments over eugenics. He became Master of University College, Oxford.In 1940 he joined Ernest Bevin at the Ministry of Labour but the two men did not get on and William was diverted to less important work. In 1941 Bevin engineered his switch to the Ministry of Health to work on social insurance.William's report Social Insurance and Allied Services published in 1942 became the cornerstone for the formation of the National Health Service and the post-war welfare state. William's ideas rested on the idea of full employment , further expounded in his book Full Employment in a Free Society in 1944.
William was part of the Radical Action grouping in parliament.
In 1945 William was defeated due to the intervention of a Labour candidate. The following year he was created Baron Beveridge. He later led the Liberals in the Lords.
He died in 1963 aged 84.
Saturday, 12 January 2019
2150 William Grufydd
Constituency : University of Wales 1943-50
William took over from Ernest Evans for the University of Wales seat when Evans became a judge. He easily defeated Plaid Cymru and a trio of independent candidates after a string of independent triumphs in by-elections in 1942.
William was a quarryman's son from Caernarfonshire. He was educated at Caernarvon County School and Oxford. He spent two years teaching at Beaumaris Grammar School then became a lecturer in Celtic at University College, Cardiff. From 1915 to 1918 he served in the navy in the North Sea. After demobilisation, he was appointed Professor of Celtic at University College, Cardiff and held the chair until retiring in 1946. He was President of Council of the National Eisteddfodd of Wales. He edited a Welsh language journal and wrote poetry and works on Welsh legends. He started out as a member of Plaid Cymru and served as deputy vice-president in 1937. He left after a disagreement with the president, Saunders Lewis ( his opponent in 1943 ).
William had an easy victory over Plaid Cymru in 1945. He retired from politics when the university seats were abolished in 1950.
He died in 1954 aged 73.
Friday, 11 January 2019
2149 George Grey
Constituency : Berwick-upon-Tweed 1941-44
George took over from Hugh Seely who'd been elevated to the peerage at Berwick-upon-Tweed.
George was the son of a Major-General in the Royal Engineers. He was educated at Winchester and Oxford. He was 22 on his election and serving in the war as a lieutenant. He took part in the evacuation of Dunkirk. He was the youngest MP of the century.
George's maiden speech appealed for a rise in soldiers' pay.
George was killed by a sniper in France in July 1944. He was 25. He was buried where he fell and a cross erected on the spot funded by the Commons.
Thursday, 10 January 2019
2148 Percy Jewson
Constituency : Yarmouth 1941-45 ( Liberal National )
Percy took over from the deceased Arthur Harbord at Yarmouth.
Percy was a timber importer working in the family firm. He served in World War One in France and Belgium and was wounded. He was Lord Mayor of Norwich in 1935-7 and President of Norwich Chamber of Commerce at the time of his election and chairman of Norwich Central Liberal Association. He was a prominent Methodist.
Percy was defeated n 1945.
Percy was a keen tennis player and sometime president of the Lawn Tennis Association.
He died in 1962 aged 81.
Wednesday, 9 January 2019
2147 Russell Thomas
Constituency : Southampton 1940-45 ( Liberal National )
Russell was elected unopposed as Liberal National MP for Southampton after the brief parliamentary career of John Reith.
Russell was born in Brecon. He was educated at Brecon Grammar School and Cambridge. He qualified as a surgeon at Guys Hospital but also became a barrister. He stood as a Samuelite Liberal for Ilford in 1931 but came third. In 1935 he stood at Aberdeen and Kincardine Central but again came third. In 1936 he contested Ross and Cromarty after the local Liberal National Association decided to back Malcolm McDonald as National Labour candidate. He was a last minute candidate and many local Liberals felt they should not contest the seat. Russell came fourth with less than 5 % of the vote. After that humiliation Russell decided to join the Liberal Nationals.
In 1945 Russell and his "National" running mate ( really a Tory ) were ousted by Labour, Russell coming fourth. He rejoined the official Liberal party and fought Middlesbrough East in 1950 coming third. In 1955 he contested his hometown seat of Brecon and Radnor but came third once again.
He died in 1957 aged 60.
Tuesday, 8 January 2019
2146 John Maclay
Constituency : Montrose Burghs 1940-50 ( Liberal National ), West Renfrewshire 1950-64 ( National Liberal and Conservative )
John took over at Montrose when Charles Kerr was created Baron Tevoit.
John was the brother of the Paisley MP Joseph Maclay and son of shipping magnate Baron Maclay. He was educated at Winchester and Cambridge where he was a member of the Boat Race winning team in 1927.
John led a British Merchant shipping mission to Washington. He was briefly PPS to the Minister of Production. He was the leader of the National Liberals in the Commons between 1945 and 1951 and became chairman of the party in 1947. He became Minister of Civil Aviation in 1951 but only served until 1952 due to illness. He became Minister of State for the Colonies in 1956 then Secretary of State for Scotland under Macmillan in 1957. He was a victim of the "Night of the Long Knives" in 1962. He was an enthusiast for European union,
John stood down in 1964 and was raised to the peerage as Viscount Muirshiel. He became chairman of the Scottish Civic Trust and held other public appointments.
He died in 1992 aged 86.
Monday, 7 January 2019
2145 William Woolley
Constituency : Spen Valley 1940-45 ( Liberal National )
William succeeded John Simon when the latter became Lord Chancellor. He was unopposed due to the wartime truce.
In 1945 William was soundly defeated in a straight fight with Labour.
He died in 1989 aged 88.
Sunday, 6 January 2019
2144 Thomas Horabin
Constituency : Cornwall North 1939-47 , 1947-50 ( Labour )
Thomas succeeded the deceased Francis Dyke-Acland at Cornwall North. He increased the Liberal majority in a contest fought mainly on the issue of appeasement. He had a straight fight with the Tories. His nomination papers were signed by Labour and dissident Conservative members.
Thomas was born in Merthyr and educated at Cardiff High School. He served in World War One with the Cameron Highlanders.He went into business as a button and synthetics manufacturer. He later worked as a business consultant.
Thomas supported the idea of a Popular Front against the National Government and subsequently became an opponent of Churchill. In 1944 published Politics Made Plain. What the next election will really be about. He was active in Radical Action. He increased his majority in 1945 despite the challenge of an Independent Labour candidate.
Thomas became chief whip but quickly became disillusioned with Davies's leadership. In 1946 he resigned the whip and sat as an independent. In 1947 he was seriously injured in a plane crash and subsequently won damages. While convalescing he decided to join Labour. He refused the idea that he should instigate a by-election to ratify his change of party. He went straight to the left wing of the party allying with Michael Foot.
In 1950 Thomas declined to stand in Cornwall North and switched to Exeter where he failed to unseat the Tory.
Thomas was a keen oil painter.
He died in 1956 aged 60.
Saturday, 5 January 2019
2143 Frank Medlicott
Constituency : Norfolk East 1939-50 ( Liberal National ), Norfolk Central 1950-59 ( National Liberal and Conservative )
Frank took over at Norfolk East when Viscount Elmley succeeded to his father's peerage. Some local Tories were unhappy with his candidature and tried to get the secretary of the Norfolk Farmer's Union to stand as an Independent Conservative.
Frank was born in Taunton and educated locally. He played rugby for Harlequins and Somerset.He was a London solicitor. He stood at Acton in 1929 coming a poor third. He was a Wesleyan Methodist and temperance enthusiast.
Although Frank supported the Munich agreement at his election he voted against Chamberlain in the Norway debate. He joined the army in World War Two and worked in army welfare rising to the rank of major. He was also PPS to Ernest Brown.
Frank held his seat fairly comfortably in 1945 and continued likewise in the new seat of Norolk Central after 1950. He was knighted in 1955.
Frank disagreed with Eden's Suez policy and fell out with his local party over the issue. He resigned the Conservative whip in 1857 but took it again in 1958. Nevertheless he announced his intention to stand down in 1959.
Frank declined an invitation from the local Liberals to stand for them instead but did rejoin the party in 1962 . He urged Liberal voters to vote Labour when there was no Liberal candidate. From 1989 to 1972 he was the party's National Treasurer. He fell out with Jeremy Thorpe over the handling of party donations.
He died of a brain tumour in 1972 aged 78.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)