Saturday, 16 March 2013
87 Isaac Butt
Constituency : Youghal 1852-65, Limerick 1871-79 ( Home Rule Association )
Isaac is a key figure in the development of Irish nationalism but his political journey took him through the Liberal party and that was his designation in 1859.
Isaac was the son of a Protestant rector who went to Trinity College Dublin. He edited the Dublin University Magazine for four years and from 1836 to 1841 he was a professor of political economy. However his real metier was as a barrister and he soon built up a formidable reputation. At this point he was a Conservative but he was profoundly shocked by the consequences of the Potato Famine and this led him towards advocating a system of self-rule for Ireland in a federal structure. His representation for Fenian defendants in the courts probably also contributed to the shift in his thinking. By the time of his election for Youghal ( and also Harwich in England which he relinquished ) in 1852 he was using the Peelite designation "Liberal Conservative".
Isaac resigned his seat in 1865 to generate more legal income but in 1870 he founded the Irish Home Rule Association to press for his peaceful solution to the Irish situation. It was originally conceived as a pressure group within the Liberal umbrella but it soon started contesting and winning by-elections , Isaac himself being returned for Limerick and as Catholic disappointment with Gladstone grew divorce became inevitable. In 1873 it was reconstituted as the Home Rule League and at the following year's general election became by far the largest party in Ireland although a fair few of their MPs were sitting Liberals obliged to change their stripe. Isaac did not enjoy his triumph for long. A couple of firebrands in his party started using obstructionist tactics in the Commons to force the other parties to take the Home Rule demand seriously and after 1875 were joined by the newly-elected Charles Stuart Parnell. Isaac deplored the tactic and in 1877 threatened to resign if it continued. However the mood was swinging behind Parnell and Isaac's frequent absences from the House to do legal work and fend off gambling creditors weren't helping him to retain control. A final confrontation with Parnell was only avoided by the stroke in 1879 which finished him off. There was some lingering resentment against Parnell for his behaviour in relation to his leader but most of the party accepted that the baton had been passed.
Isaac was 66 at the time of his death.
Isaac concludes our look at the Irish MPs of 1859; we now move on to Wales.
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