Saturday, 30 March 2013
101 Sir George Cornewall Lewis
Constituency : Herefordshire 1847-52, Radnor 1855-63
Sir George was another important figure in the mid-Victorian period. He was the son of Thomas Lewis the MP for Radnor and later a baronet. He was educated at Eton and Oxford and became a barrister in 1831. Two years later he was appointed to a commission looking at the Irish poor in both islands. A year on he joined Lord Althorp's commission on the church in Ireland. His findings were published as Local Disturbances in Ireland and the Irish Church Question in 1836 in which he condemned the existing situation, accepted the need for some state funding of the Catholic clergy and supported the effective operation of the Poor Law in Ireland. That same year George went to Malta for Baron Glenelg on a two year mission to sort out their administration and legal system. When he returned he took over from his father as a principal poor law commissioner. In 1844 he cemented his status in Whig circles by marrying Theresa Villiers which made him the brother-in-law of Earl Clarendon.
In 1847 George resigned his post in order to become MP for Herefordshire. Russell immediately found him a job as Secretary to the Board of Control but soon moved him on to Under Secretary at the Home Office where he introduced important bills on highways management and parochial assessment. In 1850 he became Financial Secretary to the Treasury. In the 1852 election he lost his seat and failed to win in Peterborough either. He bided his time as editor of the Edinburgh Review before succeeding his father as both baronet and MP for Radnor just as Palmerston came to power. He was almost immediately made Chancellor of the Exchequer in succession to the departing Gladstone, responsible for raising a war loan and additional taxation. George was pacific minded and not really in favour of the war but did his job well , his fiscal strategy keeping the middle class taxpayers supportive of the government. In 1857 he staved off an economic crisis by suspending the Bank Act. He was also a good debater. In 1857 he saw off Gladstone , who went way over the top in the debate, to get his seven pence income tax rate.
He got the budget through even after the government's defeat on the China motion. When Palmerston fell in 1858 George began to worry about his "declining energy and increasing unfitness". He advised Palmerston to concentrate on party unity rather than trying to bring Derby down.
George thought that Bright's speaking tour of 1858-9 in favour of parliamentary reform had actually weakened the reform case because it had alarmed moderates without causing a great stir in the working class constituencies.
George was in some ways more conservative than Palmerston and was alarmed by his plan for life peerages in 1856 - " a sort of order of merit in the House of Lords, without reference to hereditary wealth"
Palmerston had come to greatly like and trust George and when he returned in 1859 George was made Home Secretary after selflessly making way for Gladstone at the Exchequer. He served a very useful political function for Palmerston as a ready-made and credible candidate who could replace Gladstone if need be; the latter's resignation threats could be taken less seriously by the premier. He backed increased military expenditure.George was sceptical about the monarchy and described the statue of Prince Albert as a "puerile monument". In 1861 he reluctantly accepted a move to the War Office to succeed Sidney Herbert. The following year he made his biggest mark on British history by keeping the country out of the American Civil War. There was considerable support led by Russell for proposing British mediation to settle the war which effectively meant recognising the South. George saw that this would lead Britain into the war and circulated a memorandum to the Cabinet underlining the difficulties under international law of what Russell was proposing. This was the back-up a similarly reluctant Palmerston needed and the issue was dropped. Nevertheless George again clashed with Gladstone that year when proposing increases in the Army Estimates.
George had a parallel career as a writer. He was a dilettante intellectual who published work on politics, languages , ancient Rome, astronomy and criminal law.
George was a placid man of moderate and exhaustively considered views. He cultivated a rather dour image and famously , though not altogether seriously, remarked "Life would be tolerable but for its amusements ". He did not enjoy public speaking and disdained theatrics. He was , like Palmerston, esteemed by moderates on both sides of the House. Walter Bagehot described him thus : "He was a safe man, a fair man and an unselfish man". Had he not died suddenly in 1863 aged just 56 he would have been a serious rival to Gladstone for the Liberal succession. Palmerston wrote "It is a great loss privately and politically".
Friday, 29 March 2013
100 Henry Bruce
Constituency : Merthyr Tydfil 1852-68, Renfrewshire 1869-73
So we're on to our hundredth MP and he is quite a notable one. Henry was born in Aberdare into an initially modest Glamorganshire landowning family who became wealthy from coal reserves being discovered on their estates when Henry was a young man . He was educated in Wales and became a barrister. He was afflicted with poor health and consequently never built up a large practice. He was a stipendiary magistrate up to his election as an MP. Henry was an Anglican. He was first elected unopposed in 1852.
Henry developed a great interest in educational improvement as a way of civilising the masses in industrial boom towns such as Merthyr. He also supported franchise reform having been impressed by the working class's restraint during Chartist disturbances in Newport. in 1848. Although Henry was a firm Anglican he supported a motion against church rates in 1853.He became a trustee of the Dowlais ironworks and reorganised the management structure.
Henry's managerial talents were spotted by the Liberal leadership. In 1860 Palmerston offfered him the governorship of Madras but he declined. In 1862 Palmerston made him under-secretary at the Home Department under George Grey. The two men had a great deal of mutual respect and Grey honourably gave full credit for his opinions when he quoted them in Cabinet. Henry's biggest contribution in this post was overseeing the extension of the Factories Act to the potteries. In 1864 he was moved to vice-president of the committee of Council on Education and sworn a privy councillor. He held the post until the fall of Russell.
Henry was modest about his own abilities saying "of original ideas I have had none. I put my shoulder to the wheel when others have set it going."
In 1865 Henry went to Ireland after the election to negotiate the future of the Catholic university. He saw the need to get Anglo-Irish relations on a better footing and the major problem as political control by English Protestants "This exclusion gave life and strength to that conviction which the Church Establishment had long since implanted, that they were kept systematically ... in political degradation".
Henry supported the Palmerstonian position that there was no great public appetite for Parliamentary Reform "and every experienced statesman would be guided by the public debate". He was a friend of Layard and involved with him in the Ottoman Bank.
In opposition he developed his ideas on education supporting compulsory education and respect for the wishes of non-conformists in principle. In 1867 he sponsored the Education for the Poor Bill with WE Forster allowing groups of ratepayers to set up a school and decide on religious education by popular vote. The following year they came up with a new bill empowering local authorities to set up schools where neeeded. These were the preliminaries to Forster's famous Act of 1870.
His rise to power was interrupted by losing his seat in 1868 when the newly enfranchised voters, disaffected by Henry's opposition to a secret ballot and hostility to trade unions, chose two Liberals of a more Radical stamp. The Act had increased the electorate more than tenfold and the miners didn't like his support for a double shift system in the coalfield. He also suffered for his refusal to support Welsh disestablishment or even recognise "the existence of any specifically Welsh problems. In 1852 he had said to some opponents at the hustings "You may hold up your dirty hands against me but I'll still be the MP tomorrow"; this was remembered and placards reading "No Dirty Hands" appeared during the campaign. His defeat was one of the sensations of the election and he was "vexed and mortified " by the result, privately describing one of his opponents' populism as "the low, selfish political morality of the majority".
He returned to Parliament for Renfrewshire in an 1869 by-election - his literature made a sour comment about the superior intelligence of the Scottish working class - and was made Home Secretary by Gladstone who referred to him as "heaven born" for the role. His major contribution was the Licensing Bill of 1871 which was defeated by opposition from both the brewing interest and the temperance lobby. The eventual , milder Act of 1872 was the work of the Liberal Lord Kimberley . More positively his Trades Union Act of 1871 gave some statutory protection to unions although they didn't like the clauses preventing intimidation towards other workers. Ironically in view of the Merthyr controversy his Mines Regulation Act of 1872 increased safety regulation and further curtailed the employment of boys. He also helped Gladstone choose a Welsh-speaking bishop for St Asaph's.
In 1873 Gladstone , needing to move Robert Lowe out of the Exchequer persuaded him to go to the Lords and become Lord President of the Council, Henry's choice from three roles offered. Henry became Baron Aberdare and the Tories won the by-election.
Henry's political career effectively ended with the Liberal defeat in 1874 for which his Licensing Bill was widely blamed and he had no role in Gladstone's subsequent ministries. Gladstone's private secretary Sir Algernon West was deeply impressed with Henry's acceptance that there was nothing for him in 1880 - "he accepted his exclusion, when it came, without a murmur and without a disloyal thought towards the party of the chief who set him aside. I know of no greater test of character than this."
He became a Fellow of the Royal Society and accepted educational trusteeships. He obtained a charter for what became Cardiff University where there is a statue commemorating him. He was also in demand as a chairman for commissions even when the Tories were in power. , Disraeli appointing him to one on noxious vapors in 1876. In 1888 he headed a commission on refining capital punishment methods for humane purposes. His last commission was for Gladstone in 1893 on the aged poor. He was also involved in the colonisation of Africa becoming chairman of the African National Company which created Nigeria. A range of mountains in Kenya are still named the Aberdares after him.
He was chosen as first Chancellor of the University of Wales in 1895 in recognition of his tireless efforts for Welsh education but died of flu just two weeks later aged 79.
Thursday, 28 March 2013
99 Henry Vivian
Constituency : Truro 1852-7, Glamorganshire 1857-85, Swansea District 1885-93
Henry was the son of the industrialist MP John Vivian. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge and also studied metallurgy in France and Germany. His own business career started with managing the Liverpool branch of his grandfather's copper smelting business.He then moved to Swansea to manage the Hafod works where he developed new products. He promoted the Rhondda and Swansea Bay Railway and contributed greatly to the development of Swansea as an industrial centre.
Henry was active in the debates around the Second Reform Act and opposed the disenfranchisement of borough copy and leaseholders in the counties. He broke with Gladstone over Home Rule and was re-elected as a Liberal Unionist in 1886. However he gravitated back to his old party and came back as a Gladstonian in 1892.
In 1893 Henry went to the Lords as Baron Swansea where he spoke in favour of the Home Rule Bill. He died the following year aged 73.
98 Christopher Talbot
Constituency : Glamorganshire 1830-85, Mid-Glamorganshire 1885-90
Christopher is one of the best-remembered Welsh MPs for his extraordinarily long innings and extreme wealth. He was descended from the medieval Earls of Shrewsbury and inherited the large estate of Margam when his father died in 1813. He was educated at Harrow and Oxford where he got a first in Mathematics. He was a keen sportsman ( particularly yachting ) and traveller. In 1859 he was awarded the RNLI Silver Medal for bravery after taking part in a sea rescue despite not being able to swim.He also completely redeveloped his estate erecting Margam Castle in the Tudor Gothic style. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society.
Christopher was first elected for Glamorganshire in 1830 when his stepfather stepped down to make way for him. One of his first concerns was the improvement of the harbour at Aberavon and he introduced two private bills to effect this; the town was renamed Port Talbot as a result. He also developed Swansea docks and the railway network in South Wales eventually joining the board of the Great Western Railway when they acquired his operations. He also invested in mining and steelworks. He was soon accounted the wealthiest commoner in Britain , a status he kept by declining Gladstone's offer of a peerage in 1869 saying "long habits and many friendships have made the House of Commons to me almost a home , and one which I could not quit without regret".
Christopher was widowed early in 1846 and in 1876 Christopher's only son Theodore died in a hunting accident so his daughter Emily became his heir.
Despite his long service and apparent talent as an orator Christopher only spoke once in the House , a brief remark on the Dublin Water Corporation bill in 1861. Although normally loyal Christopher did go into the opposite lobby on some important questions. He opposed the repeal of the Corn Laws ( though he was in Malta at the time of the crucial vote) , the Irish Land Act and in 1886 the Home Rule Bill. Although he is sometimes counted a Liberal Unionist for this he immediately recanted and accepted Gladstone's concessions as adequate. As a result his constituency association forgave him ( perhaps because they couldn't imagine any other representative by that stage ) and he was re-elected in 1886 as a Gladstonian.
He died in 1890 aged 87.
After the 1885 election Christopher was Father of the House.
Wednesday, 27 March 2013
97 Thomas Lloyd-Mostyn
Constituency : Flintshire 1854-61
Thomas's father was the previous MP for the constituency and was a large landowner in North Wales largely responsible for the development of Llandudno as a seaside resort. Thomas entered Parliament unopposed in a by-election to succeed him in 1854 when he became 2nd Baron Mostyn.
Thomas was a skilful cricketer playing for Oxford University and Marylebone Cricket Club.
He was only 30 when he died in 1861.
Tuesday, 26 March 2013
96 Sir John Hanmer
Constituency : Shrewsbury 1832-7, Kingston-upon-Hull 1841-7 ( Conservative) , Flint Boroughs 1847-72
John was a baronet educated at Eton and Oxford. His ancestors had been MPs for Flint.
John was a supporter of Free Trade , religious liberty and fair elections. He abandoned Hull in 1847 saying he did not want to have his election tainted by corrupt practices though it may have been unpromising territory for a Peelite. After 1847 John never spoke in either House. He fancied himself a poet and published some of his work.
John was created 1st Baron Hanmer in 1872, by his neighbour Gladstone, relinquishing his seat.
He died in 1881 aged 71.
Monday, 25 March 2013
95 Robert Myddelton-Biddulph
Constituency : Denbigh Boroughs 1830-2, Denbighshire 1832-5, 1852-68
Robert was the owner of the Chirk Castle estate after his father had married a co-heiress. His father was a Foxite Whig and a previous MP for Denbigh Boroughs. He tried to stand in the 1826 election against his uncle by marriage but was denied by a bit of sharp practice from the returning officer. In 1830 and 1831 he was unopposed. He could not speak Welsh and relied on friends when canvassing in the county constituency in 1832. That was a hotly contested seat and Robert was accused of inactivity by his Conservative opponents ( he never spoke in the House ). His excuse of inflammation of the eyes meaning he had to spend long periods in a dark room was rejected by his constituents who unseated him in 1835. He contested the seat again in 1847 basing his campaign on opposition to the Maynooth grant but lost.
He won the seat in 1852 but gradually lost the support of the Liberal electors due to his support of the established church, reluctance to condemn politically motivated evictions and association with the Adullamites. He was ousted by the more advanced Liberal , George Morgan in 1868.
Robert's wife Fanny was the childhood sweetheart of Charles Darwin.
Robert was Colonel of the Denbigh militia from 1840 and became aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria in 1869.
Robert died in 1872 aged 66.
Sunday, 24 March 2013
94 David Morris
Constituency : Carmarthen 1837-64
David was from a family of bankers who had become considerable landowners in the area.
He died in 1864 leaving a vast fortune to his two cousins, one of whom succeeded him in the seat.
Saturday, 23 March 2013
93 Edward Pryse
Constituency : Cardigan 1857-68
Edward was from a long-established landowning family in mid-Wales. Both his father and elder brother Loveden had held the seat and Edward brought a brief period of Consservative stewardship to an end by his victory in 1857.
Edward was a keen huntsman.
He died in 1888 aged 70.
Friday, 22 March 2013
92 James Crichton-Stuart
Constituency : Cardiff 1857-80
James was a direct descendant of the eighteenth century Prime Minister Lord Bute. He served with the Grenadier Guards and achieved the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He became Lord Lieutenant of Buteshire in 1859.
James was only 32 on taking his seat. His father had previously held the seat .
He died in 1891 aged 67.
Thursday, 21 March 2013
91 Charles Wynne-Finch
Constituency : Caernarfon 1859-65
Charles had a considerable estate in the area at Voelas.
At some point Charles passed from being a Conservative to a Liberal but I have not yet been able to determine whose colours he was flying in 1859.
Wednesday, 20 March 2013
90 John Watkins
Constituency : Brecon 1832-5, 1847-52, 1854-65
John was the son of an Anglican rector. He himself was a colonel with various philanthropic interests.
John had three separate spells representing the marginal seat of Brecon. His last and most durable began at a by-election in 1854 after the death of his erstwhile Tory nenesis Charles Morgan. He was High Sheriff ( from 1836 ) and Lord Lieutenant ( from 1847 ) of Brecknockshire.
John had an Italian-style villa constructed for himself in the 1840s at Piemoyre but perhaps as a result of this fell into financial difficulties and had to take up lodgings in an inn in the town.
He died shortly after his re-election in 1865 aged 62.
Monday, 18 March 2013
89 William Stanley
Constituency : Anglesey 1837-47, City of Chester 1850-7, Beaumaris 1857-74
William was the second son ( just behind his twin brother Edward ) of Baron Stanley of Adderley , a scion of a minor branch of the Stanleys that had gone over to the Liberal side of politics. He was a captain in the Grenadier Guards and like many Welsh MPs a solicitor.
William was a keen antiquarian sponsoring excavations on Anglesey, contributing articles to archaeological journals and in 1871 publishing a book on the island's history.
William was a Whig but he attacked "hesitating and timid Liberals" for bringing down Russell's government in 1866. He chaired the Tea Room meeting in 1867 which forced Gladstone to modify his opposition to the Disraeli Reform Bill, an important event in the convoluted history of the Second Reform Act.
He died in 1888 at the age of 82. He was buried in the church of St Cybi , Holyhead the 1870 refurbishment of which he had largely financed. His tomb is the centrepiece of what became known as the Stanley chapel.
Sunday, 17 March 2013
88 Sir Richard Williams-Bulkeley
Constituency : Beaumaris 1831-2, Anglesey 1832-7, Flint Burghs 1841-7, Anglesey 1852-68
Sir Richard was a baronet, the 10th of his line. His father had also been an MP.
On becoming MP Sir Richard was almost immediately faced with a tragedy. A passenger ship the Rothsay Castle went down off the Anglesey coast and Richard was involved both in the rescue of survivors and as foreman of the inquest jury. He fiercely attacked the ship's owner for putting an unsound vessel out to sea.
Sir Richard was a classic Whig believing in safe progress and " the propriety of so reforming the institutions of the country as to ensure at once their safety and their adaptation to existing circumstances." He was Lord Lieutenant of Caernarvonshire from 1851 to 1866. Despite his long service he never spoke in the House.
He died in 1875 aged 73.
Saturday, 16 March 2013
87 Isaac Butt
Constituency : Youghal 1852-65, Limerick 1871-79 ( Home Rule Association )
Isaac is a key figure in the development of Irish nationalism but his political journey took him through the Liberal party and that was his designation in 1859.
Isaac was the son of a Protestant rector who went to Trinity College Dublin. He edited the Dublin University Magazine for four years and from 1836 to 1841 he was a professor of political economy. However his real metier was as a barrister and he soon built up a formidable reputation. At this point he was a Conservative but he was profoundly shocked by the consequences of the Potato Famine and this led him towards advocating a system of self-rule for Ireland in a federal structure. His representation for Fenian defendants in the courts probably also contributed to the shift in his thinking. By the time of his election for Youghal ( and also Harwich in England which he relinquished ) in 1852 he was using the Peelite designation "Liberal Conservative".
Isaac resigned his seat in 1865 to generate more legal income but in 1870 he founded the Irish Home Rule Association to press for his peaceful solution to the Irish situation. It was originally conceived as a pressure group within the Liberal umbrella but it soon started contesting and winning by-elections , Isaac himself being returned for Limerick and as Catholic disappointment with Gladstone grew divorce became inevitable. In 1873 it was reconstituted as the Home Rule League and at the following year's general election became by far the largest party in Ireland although a fair few of their MPs were sitting Liberals obliged to change their stripe. Isaac did not enjoy his triumph for long. A couple of firebrands in his party started using obstructionist tactics in the Commons to force the other parties to take the Home Rule demand seriously and after 1875 were joined by the newly-elected Charles Stuart Parnell. Isaac deplored the tactic and in 1877 threatened to resign if it continued. However the mood was swinging behind Parnell and Isaac's frequent absences from the House to do legal work and fend off gambling creditors weren't helping him to retain control. A final confrontation with Parnell was only avoided by the stroke in 1879 which finished him off. There was some lingering resentment against Parnell for his behaviour in relation to his leader but most of the party accepted that the baton had been passed.
Isaac was 66 at the time of his death.
Isaac concludes our look at the Irish MPs of 1859; we now move on to Wales.
Friday, 15 March 2013
86 Lord Granville Proby
Constituency : County Wicklow 1858-68
Granville was a younger son of the Earl of Carysfort who became heir when his elder brother died. He was an army captain
Granville entered Parliament in a by-election when his predecessor became Earl Fitzwilliam.
Granville became Comptroller of the Household in 1859 under Palmerston and held the post through to the end of Russell's government. He never spoke in the Commons but moved the address to the Queen's Speech in the Lords in 1869 which turned out to be his only speech there.
Granville left the seat the same way he came in on his own elevation just before the 1868 election and was succeeded by one of the Fitzwilliams.
He died in 1872 in Italy aged only 47.
Thursday, 14 March 2013
85 Patrick McMahon
Constituency : County Wexford 1852-65 , New Ross 1868-74
Patrick is another obscure one. He was a barrister and he championed the study of the Irish language as an academic subject.
When Patrick won at New Ross in 1868 he ended a 12 year Conservative tenure in the seat.
He died in 1876
Wednesday, 13 March 2013
84 John Redmond
Constituency : Wexford 1859-65
John was the first MP in a famous political dynasty. The Redmonds could trace their history in Ireland back to 1170. They had flirted with Protestantism over the centuries to retain their lands and status but by the nineteenth century were back in the Catholic fold. They were also involved in banking and shipping.
John was elected unopposed in 1859. He stood for the removal of all civil and religious disabilities, tenants' rights including compensation for improvements and franchise extension but not Home Rule.
John was great-uncle to his more famous namesake.
He died in 1865 aged 59.
Tuesday, 12 March 2013
83 Richard Levinge
Constituency : Westmeath 1857-65
Richard was an Irish baronet, the 7th of his line. He was a professional soldier who had seen service in Canada and risen to the rank of captain. He became lieutenant-colonel in the Westmeath militia and High Sherriff in 1851.
Richard was a keen sportsman and also a writer. He wrote two books on his experiences , Echoes from the Backwoods ( 1848 ) and Traveller In The East ( 1849 ) and later a historical work on his regiment ( the 43rd ).
He died in 1884 aged 72.
Monday, 11 March 2013
82 William Pollard-Urquhart
Constituency : Westmeath 1852-7 , 1859-71
William made more of a mark as a writer than an MP. He was educated at Harrow and Cambridge where he got a first in mathematics. In 1840 he became High Sheriff of Westmeath.
William's books were mainly on economics and finance but he also wrote a not very well-received biography of a Duke of Milan. He was a strong Free Trader.
William died in 1871 at the age of 56 , his seat falling to the Home Rule League in the by-election.
81 Sir John Esmonde
Constituency : County Waterford 1852-76
Sir John was a baronet, the 10th in his line.
Sir John was a Lieutenant - Colonel in the Waterford Artillery Militia and a local JP. He became a Whip at the end of Gladstone's first ministry.
He died in 1876 aged 50
Sunday, 10 March 2013
80 John Blake
Constituency : County Waterford 1859 - 69, County Waterford 1880-4 ( Home Rule League )
Carlow County 1886-87 ( Nationalist )
John was a Catholic. He was Mayor of Waterford from 1855-57 and ordered the commencement of works to create The People's Park in the city. He courted Adelaide Power the daughter of a local landowner but her father thought him unsuitable and they did not marry until the old man passed away in 1873 by which time she was forty.
John had a major interest in the fishing industry and resigned his seat in 1869 to become Inspector of Irish Fisheries.
When John returned to Parliament for the county seat in 1880 it was as a Home Ruler.In 1884 he resigned his seat again to facilitate his brother-in-law Patrick Power's entry to Parliament.
John returned in 1886 for County Carlow replacing a colleague who'd been doubly elected but he died 18 months later.
Saturday, 9 March 2013
79 Daniel O'Connell Jr
Constituency : Dundalk 1846-7 ( Repeal Association ) , Tralee 1853-63
As his name suggests Daniel was one of the sons of the great Catholic emancipator and national hero. He was the youngest son and attended a Jesuit college. His correspondence with his mother while away has been published. He first came to Parliament in 1846 as a Repealer in a by-election but was not elected in 1847. He returned for Tralee in 1853 in a by-election caused by the death of his brother Maurice.
Daniel seemed to live in the shadow of his father. He tried to make his mark as a brewer and his O' Connell's Ale was moderately popular in his lifetime. He resigned his seat in 1863.
He died in 1897 aged 81.
78 Fitzstephen French
Constituency : Roscommon 1832-73
Fitzstephen succeeded his father Arthur in the seat in 1832 and managed to hold it until his death 41 years later. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin.
Fitzstephen was Colonel of the Roscommon militia from 1854.
He was 71 when he died.
Friday, 8 March 2013
77 Michael Dunne
Constituency : Queen's County 1852-65
Michael was MP for this constituency where the Liberals usually had to share the representation with the Conservatives. His estate was called Ballymanus and he was a magistrate.
Thursday, 7 March 2013
76 Edward McEvoy
Constituency : Meath 1855-74 ( initially as Independent Irish Party )
Edward was first elected in a by-election in 1855 holding the seat for the IIP after the death of his predecessor. He was a Catholic landowner with an estate at Tobertynan. He and his wife erected a shrine to Our Lady of Lourdes when their marriage was blessed with a child after eighteen years.
He was counted by Derby as a certain vote for the government in the 1859 vote of confidence.
He lost his seat to a Home Ruler in 1874 and died in 1899 aged 72.
75 Matthew Corbally
Constituency : Meath 1840-1 , 1841-70
Matthew was the brother-in-law of the Earl of Fingall first elected in a by-election in 1840. In the following general election he stood aside for Daniel O' Connell but when the latter chose to sit for Cork instead , Matthew got back in. Matthew supported the Independent Irish Opposition initiative and was still standing under those colours in 1857.
Matthew died in 1870, the subsequent by-election being won by the Home Rule League.
Wednesday, 6 March 2013
74 Lord John Browne
Constituency: Mayo 1857-68
Lord John was a young ( 33 on first election ) aristocrat, a nephew of Lord Clanricarde and heir of the Marquess of Sligo. He had served as a naval commander before entering Parliament. He got in in 1857 because George Henry Moore was disqualified for priestly intimidation on petition.
Lord John's background made him susceptible to Disraeli's blandishments and he voted for the Second Reform Act. In the following General Election he was unseated by Moore.
Lord John succeeeded to the Marquisate and a sizeable estate at Westport in 1896 and he died in 1903 aged 79.
Tuesday, 5 March 2013
73 Richard Montesquieu-Bellew
Constituency : County Louth 1832-52 , 1859-65
Richard was a whip in Russell's first ministry. He was a Catholic and mainly spoke on Irish matters denouncing neglectful landlords and the tithe. In his second stint as an MP he rarely spoke.
He resigned his seat in 1865 to become Commissioner of Poor Laws in Ireland.
He died in 1880 aged 77.
Richard was a whip in Russell's first ministry. He was a Catholic and mainly spoke on Irish matters denouncing neglectful landlords and the tithe. In his second stint as an MP he rarely spoke.
He resigned his seat in 1865 to become Commissioner of Poor Laws in Ireland.
He died in 1880 aged 77.
Monday, 4 March 2013
72 Chichester Fortescue
Constituency : County Louth 1847-74
Chichester came from a well-established Irish landowning family and was the younger brother of Lord Clermont. In 1863 he added the surname Parkinson as part of an inheritance from an uncle.
Chichester was first elected in 1847 and slowly rose to prominence in Whig circles particularly after his 1863 marriage to Frances, the widow of George Harcourt and a well-known socialite. He joined Aberdeen's government as a whip in 1854 then after a brief hiatus served under Palmerston as under-secretary for the Colonies until the latter's death in 1865. He was dependent on Catholic votes in Louth and pressed Catholic complaints on Palmerston, the latter retorting that as prime minister he had to "think imperially and not locally".His sister was married to Palmerston's arch-critic David Urquhart.
Russell appointed him Chief Secretary for Ireland to mend fences with the Irish Whigs and he promoted a land bill in 1866. He resumed that position in 1868 when Gladstone came to power. He was a particularly useful colleague to Gladstone in the "mission...to pacify Ireland" through his understanding of the country's affairs. His administrative ability made up for an ineffective drawling manner of speaking in the House. He helped draft the first Irish Land Bill of 1870 excluding the Irish attorney-general O'Hagan ( a Catholic ) from involvement in it . He went on to draft most of the Irish Universities Bill but refused to speak for it after Gladstone had introduced amendments which he viewed as anti-Catholic. It was the start of a process that drew him closer to his friend Lord Hartington rather than Gladstone. He was President of the Board of Trade from 1871-4.
In the 1874 election he was ousted by the Home Rule League and as a result went to the Lords as Baron Carlingford. Gladstone brought him back into the Cabinet as Lord Privy Seal in 1881 then added the post of Lord President of the Council. He followed Hartington and the other Whigs into the Liberal Unionists. He became Lord Clermont on the death of his brother in 1887.
Chichester died in 1898 aged 75. As he had no children both his titles became extinct.
Sunday, 3 March 2013
71 Henry White
Constituency : County Dublin 1823-32, County Longford 1837-47, 1857-61
Henry was the son of the Dublin bookseller and lottery operator Luke White. He had an army career and fought in the Peninsular Wars at the Siege of Badajoz and the Battle of Salamanca eventually rising to Colonel. He entered Parliament in 1823 for Dublin where he was seen as favourable to the Catholics and endorsed by Daniel O' Connell and sat till 1832. He supported Catholic Emancipation and parliamentary reform. He resigned the seat in 1832 possibly on health grounds.In 1837 he returned for County Longford where he sat for 10 years, the first five of them alongside his brother Luke. A decade later he was back in the same seat.
Henry was raised to the peerage in 1861 as first Baron Annaly facilitating his son Luke's return to Parliament in the seat.
Henry died in 1873 aged 82.
Henry was the son of the Dublin bookseller and lottery operator Luke White. He had an army career and fought in the Peninsular Wars at the Siege of Badajoz and the Battle of Salamanca eventually rising to Colonel. He entered Parliament in 1823 for Dublin where he was seen as favourable to the Catholics and endorsed by Daniel O' Connell and sat till 1832. He supported Catholic Emancipation and parliamentary reform. He resigned the seat in 1832 possibly on health grounds.In 1837 he returned for County Longford where he sat for 10 years, the first five of them alongside his brother Luke. A decade later he was back in the same seat.
Henry was raised to the peerage in 1861 as first Baron Annaly facilitating his son Luke's return to Parliament in the seat.
Henry died in 1873 aged 82.
Saturday, 2 March 2013
70 Fulke Greville-Nugent
Constituency : Longford 1852-69
Fulke came from a junior branch of the Grevilles, headed by the Earl of Warwick. He was a Colonel.
Fulke sat from 1852 to 1869 when he was himself raised to the peerage as Baron Greville.
He was Lord Lieutenant of Westmeath from 1871 to his death in 1883 aged 61.
Friday, 1 March 2013
69 Sir Robert Ferguson
Constituency : Londonderry City 1830, 1831-60
Sir Robert was a Protestant baronet educated at Cambridge.He was first elected in 1830 but unseated on a technicality. He then took the seat in the by-election and thereafter sat for nearly 30 years.
He died in 1860 aged 63 , his seat falling to the Conservatives at the by-election.
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