Monday, 31 December 2018
2138 John Dodd
Constituency : Oldham 1935-45 ( Liberal National )
John was elected in tandem with a Tory at Oldham as the previous incumbent switched to Stretford. A rival Liberal finished fifth.
John was the son of a dealer in textiles machinery. He was educated at Uppingham and Cambridge. John was a director of the family firm and ran a cotton mill in Oldham. He was an Oldham town councillor and an officer of the British Chamber of Commerce. In 1929, he was one of two Liberals running and finished fourth. The Liberals gave the Tories a free run in 1931.
John was a major in the Royal Tank Regiment during World War Two. He also advised the Ministry of Supply on tank production.
John stood again in 1945 but finished fourth behind his Tory running mate as Labour took both seats.
He died in 1973 aged 68.
Sunday, 30 December 2018
2137 Wilfrid Roberts
Constituency : Cumberland North 1935-50
Wilfrid's victory was a rare gain for the Samuelites. Wilfrid came close in 1931 then took the seat by 887 votes. On both occasions, it was a straight fight with the Tories.
Wilfrid was the son of the former Lincoln MP Charles Roberts. He was educated at Gresham's School, Norfolk and Oxford. He farmed an estate in Cumberland and gave talks on the BBC's Home Service. He also owned the Carlisle Journal newspaper. He was a district councillor.
Wilfrid became an assistant whip to Percy Harris. He was a regular contributor to the radio show The Week at Westminster. He was an active supporter of the Republican case in Spain. He organised relief for Basque refugees on a cross-party basis.
Along with Megan Lloyd George Wilfrid supported the idea of a Popular Front against the National Government. He was a regular speaker at meetings organised by the Left Book Club.
Wilfrid briefly served in the Border Regiment at the start of World War Two then became PPS to Sinclair at the Air Ministry. Despite this, he supported Radical Action, a group inside the Liberal party calling for withdrawal from the wartime electoral truce. He worked to reorganise the party machine during the war years. In 1941, he backed Clement Davies's criticism of Churchill and Sinclair offered to sack him but Churchill turned the offer down. MI5 discreetly monitored his activities due to his willingness to work with journalists trying to embarrass the government. He supported the Beveridge Report.
In 1945, Wilfrid met Stalin in Moscow. He held his seat by just 198 votes in the election with Labour again giving him a free pass. He visited Warsaw in 1946.
Wilfrid criticised Labour's policy on the Chinese Civil War in 1949.
Wilfrid was defeated in a three-cornered fight for the new seat of Penrith and the Borders in 1950.
In 1956 Wilfrid joined Labour and unsuccessfully contested Hexham in 1959. He became a councillor in Carlisle.
The philosopher A J Ayer lodged with him and described him as "very tall, unmistakably English, quiet, with an undercurrent of strong feeling, cultivate and philanthropic".
He died in 1991 aged 90.
Saturday, 29 December 2018
2136 Stephen Furness
Constituency : Sunderland 1935-45 ( Liberal National )
The 1935 election brought more misery for the Liberals.The official party were reduced to 21 although that was partly due to defections already suffered. Samuel himself was defeated. Lloyd George's group were all returned. The liberal Nationals held steady at 33 but this was due to defections and they suffered some losses in the election.
Stephen topped the poll at Sunderland in tandem with a Tory after withdrawing in their favour at Hartlepool in 1931.
Stephen was the son of the former Hartlepool MP of the same name. He was educated at Charterhouse and Oxford and became a barrister. He stood for Hartlepool in 1929 and came a close second to the Tories.
Stephen was PPS to Simon from 1936 to 1937 then became a whip for the next three years. He went to the back benches when Churchill took over.
Stephen was defeated in 1945 coming third.
He died in 1974 aged 71.
Friday, 28 December 2018
2135 Francis Norrie-Miller
Constituency : Perth 1935 ( Liberal National )
Francis succeeded the Tory Lord Scone at Perth after the Liberals were persuaded to put him forward instead of the free trader James Scott. He easily defeated Labour in a straight fight.
Francis was born in Hertfordshire, the son of a senior civil servant. He was educated privately and then went into the insurance business. He was a director of a number of companies but particularly the General Accident, Fire and Life Assurance Association and oversaw its expansion overseas as chairman and managing director. His business was based in Glasgow. He lived in Perth and held a number of public appointments in the city. He assisted Belgian refugees during World War One.He was an Anglican. He contested Perth as a Samuelite in 1931 and came a good second.
Francis was 76 and found parliamentary life too much. He never spoke in the Commons. He stood down at the general election on health grounds and the Tories contested it instead.
Francis was created a baronet in 1936.
He died in 1947 aged 88. A park in Perth was named in his honour.
hat concludes our look at the by-election winners. We now turn to the 1935 election.
Thursday, 27 December 2018
2134 George Morrison
Constituency : Combined Scottish Universities 1934 -45 ( from 1935 Liberal National )
George took over from the deceased Dugald Cowan for the Combined Scottish Universities seat. He had a crushing victory over Labour.
George was educated at Mortlach School ad Aberdeen University. He became a teacher at Robert Gordon's College in 1890. In 1910 he left to become Rector of Inverness Royal Academy but returned ten years later as headmaster. He retired in 1933.
George called for the raising of the school-leaving age in his maiden speech.
George defected to the Liberal Nationals in 1935 and came second behind a Tory in the election that year.
George resigned his seat in March 1945.
He died in 1956 aged 86.
Wednesday, 26 December 2018
2132 James Henderson-Stewart
Constituency : East Fife 1933-61 ( Liberal National, from 1950 National liberal and Conservative )
James took over from the deceased James Millar. The party chose James to ensure Tory support.He was opposed by a rival Liberal David Keir standing independently and supported by Philip Snowden and Loyd George but he came fourth behind the Agricultural Party whose candidate was a surrogate Tory. James described Snowden's intervention as "little more than an ill-natured outburst".
James was educated at Morrison' Academy and Edinburgh University. He served as a captain in World War One and was wounded. He worked for the British Overseas Bank in London. He stood for Leicester East in 1923 and came third. He stood at Derby in 1924 and came fifth with less than 7% of the vote. He became Secretary of Lloyd George's Land and Nation League. In 1929 he stood for Dundee in collusion with the Tories and came third.
James was a conscientious constituency MP regarded as an expert on the fishing industry. He freqquently crticised the lack of time for parliamentary business.
James generally spoke on economic matters. He was easily re-elected in a straight fight with Labour in 1935. That same year he called for a ban on the export of horses following a tour of European horse markets He opposed a cut in the grant to the Forestry Commission. He opposed embroilment in a Franco-German conflict but by 1938 he was an opponent of appeasement and called for Churchill to join the government.
James briefly served in the Royal Artillery again from 1940 to 1941. He became the Scottish whip for the Liberal Nationals in 1943 and went on a parliamentary delegation to the West Indies in 1944.
James had another easy victory in 1945. He became chairman of the Liberal National parliamentary party and called for both liberal parties to merge with the Conservatives and stand "four square against socialism".
In 1950 James stood as a "National liberal and Conservative. The Liberals opposed him but lost their deposit. He was left alone after that and continued to enjoy easy victories against Labour.
James called for a ban on fish imports. In 1951 he became a junior minister at the Scottish Office. He negotiated with Iceland over fishing rights and tried to encourage longer school participation in Scotland. He left the government in 1957 and was created a baronet.
He died in 1961 aged 63.
Tuesday, 25 December 2018
2131 Owen Evans
Constituency ; Cardiganshire 1932-45
Owen easily held on to Cardiganshire in a three-cornered contest after the resignation of Rhys Hopkin-Morris.
Owen was a farmer's son. He was educated at Llandovery School and the Imperial College of Science. He initially joined the civil service and then became a barrister. In 1916 he crossed into business with the Mond Nickel Company and later became vice-president of the International Nickel Company of Canada.
Owen's maiden speech called for more action on unemployment.
Owen held a number of academic positions. He was a keen musician.
He died of heart failure in 1945 aged 68 shortly before he was due to receive a knighthood.
Monday, 24 December 2018
2130 Charles Kerr
Constituency : Montrose Burghs 1932-40 ( Liberal National )
The 1931-35 parliament was a grim time for the Liberals. Lloyd George's analysis of their position in the National Government soon proved correct and in 1932 the Samuelite ministers resigned from the government over protection but remained on the government benches to prevent further splits. A year later Samuel was obliged to lead them into opposition shedding a further handful of MPs to the Liberal Nationals. This led to a reunion of sorts with Lloyd George's group but the former MP now had little interest in party affairs. The Liberal Nationals became closer to the Conservatives in government.
Charles succeeded Robert Hutchison who had been elevated to the peerage.He had a narrow victory over Labour with a Nationalist candidate also in the fray.
Charles was related to the Marquess of Lothian. He went to Canada as a teenager and worked as a miner. He then moved on to South Africa before returning to Britain and setting up s a stockbroker.He was a lieutenant-colonel in the Royal Horse Guards and won both the DSO and the Military Cross. He contested Daventry in 1923 and 1924 coming pretty close to victory on the latter occasion. He foought the Hull Central by-election in 1926 but came a distant third. He failed to hold Swansea West for the Liberals in 1929. He was a committed anti-socialist and resigned his posts in the party organisation in protest at support for the Labour government in 1931.
Charles had an easy victory over Labour in 1935.He became the chief whip for the Liberal Nationals in 1937.
In 1939 Charles was appointed Comptroller of the Household, serving for a year.
In 1940, Charles was created Baron Teviot after announcing he would not contest the next election on health grounds.. He became chairman of the Liberal National party and concluded the pact in 1947 which effectively ended the party's independence. Despite this he resisted complete amalgamation with the Tories until he stepped down in 1956.
Charles was also a member of the antisemitic Right Club. He had to apologise for an anti-semitic remark he made at the liberal National Conference in 1938.
In his last years, Charles was noted for reactionary opinions on the Lady Chatterley trial and the Wolfenden Report.
He died in 1968 aged 93.
Sunday, 23 December 2018
2129 Robert Bernays
Constituency : Bristol North 1931-45 ( from 1936 Liberal National )
Robert recovered Bristol North which had been lost due to rival Liberal candidates in 1929.
Robert was the son of an Anglican clergyman.He was educated at Rossall School and Oxford. He became a journalist on the Daily News. In 1930 he accompanied the Liberal peer Lord Beauchamp for whom he worked as a speechwriter to India and they possibly had a homosexual liaison. He wrote a book about Gandhi called Naked Fakir. He stood at Rugby in 1929 but came third in a tight contest.
Robert's parliamentary career was hampered by his stammer and having his appendix removed in 1932. He visited Germany frequently in the early thirties and was an early prophet of the Nazi threat. He wrote about it in Special Correspondent published in 1934.
Robert was preoccupied with retaining Conservative support, writing to his sister in 1935 that "My problem is not to capture the Liberal vote but to hold the Conservatives". He stayed on the government benches when the Samuelites went into opposition but didn't want to join the Liberal Nationals. His local association supported his stance.
The Tories allowed him, to retain his seat in 1935 when he stood as a "Liberal independent of all groups in the party". The following year he finally decided to cross over to the Liberal Nationals in the hope of a ministerial career.In 1937, he went to East Africa as part of a government commission looking at colonial education. That same year Chamberlain appointed him Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health. He held on to his job despite opposing appeasement which disappointed friends such as Harold Nicholson. He moved to the Ministry of Transport in 1939 but was discarded by Churchill in 1940 to make room for Labour figures. He joined up in 1942 and served as a sapper in the Royal Engineers reaching the rank of lieutenant.
He died in a plane crash over the Adriatic in 1945 aged 42.
That concludes our look at the 1931 winners. We now move to the by-election victors of 1931-5.
Saturday, 22 December 2018
2128 Barnett Janner
Constituency : Whitechapel and St George's 1931-5, Leicester West 1945-50, Leicester North West 1950-70 ( Labour )
Barnett took Whitechapel and St Georges from Labour at the second attempt helped by the Tories withdrawing and a Communist standing.
Barnett was born in Lithuania to a Jewish family who moved to Wales to run a furniture shop before he was one. He was educated locally and at University College of Wales. He served in World War One in the Royal Garrison Artillery and was nearly gassed. He became a solicitor. Barnett was initially involved in the Comrades of the Great War organisation but joined the Liberals in 1921. In 1926, he was elected to the Board of Deputies of British Jews as a committed Zionist. In 1929 he came third at Cardiff Central. In 1930 he moved to London to help run his father-in-law's furniture business and stood at a by-election in Whitechapel which had a sizeable Jewish population. He campaigned on the issue of government policy on Palestine. He came close in a four-cornered contest.
Barnett championed the plight of the German Jews.
In 1935 Barnett was fairly narrowly defeated in a straight fight.
Barnett joined Labour soon afterwards. He was an ARP warden in London during World War Two. In 1945 he unseated the National Labour MP Harold Nicolson at Leicester West. When the seat was broken up in 1950 he won the new seat of Leicester North West holding it fairly comfortably until he passed it on to his son Greville in 1970.
Barnett was knighted in 1961 and elevated to the peerage as Baron Janner when he stood down.
Barnett was a heavy-set and well-dressed man. He was a good speaker.
He died in 1982 aged 89.
Friday, 21 December 2018
2127 Charles Summersby
Constituency : Shoreditch 1931-5 ( Liberal National )
Charles took Shoreditch from Labour as the Tories withdrew.
Charles was the son of a Congregational minister.He left school early to become a draper's assistant. He became a buyer for a department tore then set up his own business in 1912 He became a councillor for Hornsey in 1921 then Mayor in 1930.
Charles served on the Parliamentary Air Committee.
Charles stood down in 1935. He became a Middlesex county councillor the following year.
He died in 1961 aged 79.
Thursday, 20 December 2018
2126 Joseph Leckie
Constituency :Walsall 1931-38 ( from 1932 Liberal National )
Joseph took Walsall from Labour as the Tories withdrew despite coming second ( just ) in 1929.
Joseph was born in Glasgow and educated there. He joined his father's business in leather goods and saddlery. He was based in the Walsall office but travelled the world on business. He was a sometime president of the Walsall Chamber of Commerce and later on the council for the imperial body. He was a Walsall town councillor and active in temperance and social work, He was Mayor of the town in 1926-27. He was chair of Walsall Liberal Association from 1912 to his election.He was a Presbyterian.
When the Samuelites decided to quit the government, Joseph went over to the Liberal Nationals. He had an easy win in 1935.
Joseph started to struggle with deafness in his later years. He died following a seizure in 1938. He was 72.His work on Walsall's Educatioon Committee is commemorated by a school in the town.
Wednesday, 19 December 2018
2125 Ernest Pickering
Constituency : Leicester West 1931-35
Ernest took Leicester West from Labour as the Tories withdrew despite being a clear second in 1929.
Ernest was born in Leicester. He was a Unitarian minister, an author and Professor of English Literature at Tokyo University.
Ernest remained a Samuelite but did not defend his seat in 1935. Ernest wrote for a Japanese newspaper before the country went to war.
He stood for Newark in 1950 but came a very poor third.
He died in 1957 aged 75.
Tuesday, 18 December 2018
2124 William Mabane
Constituency : Huddersfield 1931-45 ( from 1931 Liberal National )
William took Huddersfield from the Tories at the second attempt, helped by the Tories' withdrawal.
William was born in Leeds and educated at Woodhouse Grove School and Cambridge. He served in World War One as a captain and was wounded. He became a merchant and businessman.
William's maiden speech called for government co-operation with retail distributors to prevent prices going up as a result of the Abnormal Importations Bill. He believed in government planning to deal with the economy and accepted this would sometimes call for protectionist measures.
William did not stand as a Liberal National in 1931 but joined them after the election. He persuaded his local party to let him be a bridge between the two groupings. He stayed on the government benches when Samuel went into opposition and again persuaded the local party that he viewed it as a tactical mistake. They supported his candidature in 1935 when he had an easy victory . In 1939 the local Liberal association formallly affiliated to the Liberal Nationals prompting the formation of an official Liberal factiion and the nomination of a new candidate.
William belatedly began a ministerial career in 1939 as Minister for Home Security. He was also Assistant Postmaster-General, Parliamentary Secretary to the Home Department, Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food and Minister of State for Foreign Affairs during the war.
In 1945 William was defeated by Labour as a Liberal National. The Liberals ran a candidate against him, ensuring his defeat. In 1947 the local Conservatives announced their intention to put forward their own candidate and the Liberal National organisation folded not long afterwards.
William was knighted in 1954 and created Baron Mabane in 1962.
He died in 1969 aged 74.
Monday, 17 December 2018
2123 Edward Mallalieu
Constituency : Colne Valley 1931-5, Brigg 1948-74 ( Labour )
Edward scored a remarkable victory at Colne Valley taking the Liberals from third place to take the seat vacated by Philip Snowden in a four cornered contest. Snowden actually supported him rather than the National Labour candidate who withdrew from the contest.
Edward was the son of the former MP for the constituency, Frderick Mallalieu. He was educated at Cheltenham College and Oxford.
Edward supported the founding of the National Council for Civil Liberties in 1934.
Edward was defeated in 1935, coming second to Labour in another four-cornered contest. He came second again in a by-election in 1938.
Edward later joined Labour and returned to Parliament for Brigg in 1948 serving until 1974 when he stood down. In 1959 he incurred left wing displeasure by visiting Spain.He was Deputy Speaker of the Commons from 1971.
Edward was a yoga enthusiast and often sat in yoga positions on the Commons benches.
He died in 1979 aged 74.
Sunday, 16 December 2018
2122 Herbert Holdsworth
Constituency : Bradford South 1931-45 ( from 1938 Liberal National )
Herbert took Bradford South from Labour as the Tories withdrew.
Herbert was born in Liversedge and was educated at Batley Grammar School. He was a waste materials dealer but also had interests in a building society and property company. He stood for Rothwell in 1929 where he came third.
In 1931, Herbert opposed the Wheat Bill , declaring it was "an evil thing to tax the food of the poor". He was heckled at the NLF conference in 1932 for praising Samuel's defence of free trade.
Herbert achieved one of the better results for the Liberals in 1935, holding his seat comfortably in a straight fight with Labour. He joined the Liberal Nationals in 1938 citing his support for Chamberlain's appeasement policy as the reason. The following year the local Liberals decided to select another candidate. In 1940 he became chief whip for the Liberal Nationals but resigned the post two years later on health grounds. In 1943 he became an adviser to the Ministry of Supply on waste reclamation. He was knighted in 1944.
Herbert stood down in 1945.
He died in 1949 aged 59.
Saturday, 15 December 2018
2121 Richard Soper
Constituency : Barnsley 1931-35 ( Liberal National )
Richard took Barnsley from Labour as the Tories withdrew. He joined the Liberal Nationals to secure their support.
Richard was originally from Bishop Auckland but set up as a timber merchant in Barnsley. He was a town councillor and mayor of Barnsley in 1930-31.
Richard was decisively beaten by Labour in 1935.
He died in 1954 aged 75. His son Richard was a Liberal candidate in Coventry in 1950.
Friday, 14 December 2018
2120 Gordon Campbell
Constituency : Burnley 1931-35 ( Liberal National )
Gordon unseated Arthur Henderson at Burnley with the support of the Liberal and Conservative parties. He may not have designated himself a Liberal in the campaign but allied with Simon in Parliament.
Gordon was born in Croydon and educated at Dulwich College. He joined the navy and was a commander by the age of 31. In 1917 he was awarded the Victoria Cross for an action where he allowed his ship to be hit by a torpedo in order to sink the U-boat with hidden guns. He was promoted to vice admiral and became naval aide- de- camp to George V.
In 1933, Gordon criticised Churchill's tub-thumping on India but otherwise confined his parliamentary interventions to naval matters.
Gordon was easily defeated by Labour in a straight fight in 1935.
Gordon rejoined the navy in World War Two and worked on coastal defence.
Gordon wrote a number of books including My Mystery Ships and gave public lectures.
He died in 1953 aged 67.
Thursday, 13 December 2018
2119 Ernest Young
Constituency : Middlesbrough East 1931-45
Ernest took Middlesbrough East from Labour at the second attempt as the Tories withdrew. The Labour MP Ellen Wilkinson described him as a Tory "decoy duck".
Ernest was a lecturer and journalist and a perennial Liberal candidate in the twenties. He first tried to succeed Godfrey Palmer at Jarrow in 1922 where he came a miserable third. He fared better at Rossendale in 1923, lifting the Liberals into second place but slipped back to third in 1924. He contested Bothwell at a by-election in 1926 coming third with just 5% of the vote. In his first attempt at Middlesbrough East in 1929 he lifted the Liberals back into second place.
Ernest's maiden speech called for a modest attempt at public works through the local authorities.
Ernest stuck with the Samuelites but came a poor third in 1935.
Ernest remained active in the party and was an election agent in Worthing in 1945.
Wednesday, 12 December 2018
2118 Thomas Magnay
Constituency : Gateshead 1931-45 ( Liberal National )
Thomas won Gateshead as a Liberal National seeing off Ernest Bevin as the Labour candidate.
Thomas was a solicitor . He stood in Blaydon in 1929 coming a respectable third after two no-shows from the Liberals.
Thomas opposed artime ID cards.
Thomas was heavily defeated in 1945.
He died in 1949 aged 73.
Tuesday, 11 December 2018
2117 William McKeag
Constituency : City of Durham 1931-35 ( from 1934 Liberal National )
William took City of Durham at the third attempt by just 270 votes as a result of the Tories withdrawing.
William was educated at local schools. He became a solicitor but also held a number of directorships. he served in World War One where he was one of the youngest officers and aided the White cause in the Russian Civil War. He was third in 1924 and moved up to second in 1929. He was a Primitive Methodist.
William's first contributions to Parliament were critical of the police harassing motorists.
William declined to go into opposition with Samuel and became a Liberal National for the purposes of the election in 1935 but he was swept away by Labour.
William rejoined the main party and was elected to Newcastle City Council in 1936. He was mayor twice in the fifties. He served in World War Two reaching the rank of Major. He toyed with the idea of contesting Newcastle-upon-Tyne North as an independent in 1940 but decided against it. He stood for the seat in 1945 and came third. In 1950 he contested Newcastle-upon-Tyne East as a Liberal but came a poor third.
In the fifties William preferred to label himself as Progressive rather than Liberal. By 1957 he was associating with a dissident Conservative faction in the city and contemplated standing in a by-election at Newcastle North in 1957.
William was noted as a skilled debater an champion of the North East. He held a number of public appointments. He was a director of Newcastle United for 28 years and for a time , chairman. He generally wore a monocle.
He died in 1972 aged 75.
Monday, 10 December 2018
2116 Aaron Curry
Constituency : Bishop Auckland 1931-35 ( 1931-33 Liberal National )
Aaron took Bishop Auckland from Labour by 995 votes at the third attempt , standing as a Liberal National.
Aaron stood for Houghton-le-Spring in 1923 and 1924 but couldn't get within 4,000 votes of Labour. He contested Wallsend at a by-election in 1926 but came a distant third. He first contested Bishop Auckland at a by-election in 1929 when Ruth Dalton won it to keep it warm for her husband.
Aaron's maiden speech was on disability pensions.
Aaron soon found the National Government uncongenial and voted against the Abnormal Importations Bill. He followed the Samuelites to the opposition benches in 1933 and rejoined the official party.
Despite his change of allegiance, Aron did not face a Tory opponent in 1935 but still lost heavily to Dalton.
In 1941 Aaron was elected to Newcastle City Council. He was Lord Mayor in 1949-50 and at the time of his death.
He died in 1957 aged 69.
Sunday, 9 December 2018
2115 Aled Roberts
Constituency : Wrexham 1931-5
Aled took Wrexham from Labour as the Tories dropped out.
Aled was born in Liverpool to Welsh parents. He was educated at Liverpool College. He served in World War One as a captain in the Welsh Fusiliers. He becvame an insurance broker in Liverpool and a director in a number of firms. He contested Liverpool East Toxteth in a by-election in 1929 and then the general election coming a respectable third on both occasions. He was a Welsh Presbyterian.
Aled's maiden speech called for an inquiry before levying certain tariffs.
Aled went into opposition with Samuel but as the election approached his local party tried to persuade him to join the Liberal Nationals. In the event the Tories did not stand but he chairman of the local association told Tory voters to abstain rather than vote for Aled. He lost to Labour by over 5,000 votes.
Aled became a Liverpool city councillor in 1936 and deputy leader of the Liberal group.. He eventually did join the Liberal Nationals and tried to get the nomination for the Eddisbury by-election in 1943. He defected to the Conservatives in 1945 and stood in Liverpool Kirkdale in the general election but failed to hold the seat.
He died in 1949 aged 60.
Saturday, 8 December 2018
2114 Lewis Jones
Constituency : Swansea West 1931-45 ( Liberal National )
Lewis took back Swansea West as a Liberal National facilitated by the Tories withdrawing.
Lewis was educated at Ammanford Secondary and Reading University and became a schoolteacher until 1910. He worked in the Ministry of Munitions during World War One becoming secretary of the priority department. He was secretary of the South Wales Siemens Steel Association for 44 years. He was a Welsh-speaking Congregationalist.
Lewis was re-elected though his majority was slashed by two-thirds in 1935.
Lewis was knighted in 1944.
Lewis was defeated in 1945. He stood again as a "National Liberal and Conservative" candidate in 1950 and recovered a little ground.
Lewis served on the General Advisory Council of the BBC from 1952. He wrote many articles on industrial and economic matters.
He died in 1968 aged 84.
Friday, 7 December 2018
2113 Richard Evans
Constituency : Carmarthen 1931-35
Richard managed to recover Carmarthen from Labour despite a Conservative challenger for the National government vote who came third.
Richard was educated at the University of Wales. He served in World War One and reached the rank of captain. He was a lecturer in economics at University College, Cardiff. He contested Llanelli in 1923, 1924 and 1929 coming close in 1924 when the Tories stood down and a good second on the other occasions. He was involved in drawing up the Liberal industrial policy in the late twenties and became friendly with Lloyd George.
In his maiden speech on the Abnormal Importations ( Customs Duties ) Bill, Richard said he was prepared to support protectionist measures on an emergency basis only.
Richard followed Samuel in going over to the opposition benches in 1933. He approached Lloyd George about writing his biography in Welsh but was rebuffed. In 1934 he wrote to Lloyd George about a rumour that he might speak for his Labour rival at the net election.Frances Stevenson wrote that Lloyd George thought his oratorical gifts were limited to one good speech which he adapted to suit the audience.
Richard put out a statement pledging to support the government in 1935 but could not persuade the Tories to stand down for him. He was defeated by less than the Tory vote.
He died in 1946 aged 56,
Thursday, 6 December 2018
2112 Dingle Foot
Constituency : Dundee 1931-45, Ipswich 1957-70 ( Labour )
Dingle was elected top of the poll in Dundee where the Liberals and Tories had an understanding going back to 1923 to try and unseat Labour and the surrogate socialist Edwin Scrymgeour who stood under the Scottish Prohibition banner . They succeeded easily with the Tory 16,000 votes ahead of third-placed Labour.
Dingle was an unlikely Tory ally. His father was Isaac Foot MP for Bodmin and he was the brother of future Labour leader Michael Foot. He was educated at Bembridge School and Oxford where he was President of the Union. He became a barrister. He stood in Tiverton in 1929 coming second in a three-cornered contest.
Churchill appointed him Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Economic Warfare. He went to Washington in 1944 and successfully negotiated an aid package for war refugees. He was part of the British delegation to the San Francisco Conference setting up the United Nations in 1945.
Dingle held his seat comfortably in 1935 coming second behind the Tory.
In 1945, Labour took both seats at Dundee with Dingle coming a distant third. He resumed his legal career in earnest, using his skills to go on a world tour, appearing in the courts of numerous Commonwealth countries. He also had a television career, moderating a current affairs programme In The News.
Dingle became Vice-President of the Liberal Party in 1947 and in 1950 he stood at North Cornwall, bidding to succeed Thomas Horabin who had defected to Labour but came second to the Tories. He stood again in 1951 finishing a little further behind.
Dingle decided to join Labour in 1956 shortly after his friend Megan Lloyd-George and was elected for Ipswich at a by-election in 1957. Harold Wilson appointed him Solicitor-General in 1964 and had him knighted as well. He resigned in 1967 over government policy in Rhodesia. He lost his seat in 1970 by 13 votes having criticised Labour' policy on immigration. He opposed British membership of the EEC but supported electoral reform.
Dingle was a published writer. His works included Despotism in Disguise ( 1937 ) and British Political Crises ( 1976 ) which was mainly a lament for the destruction of the Liberal Party.
He died during a case in Hong Kong in 1978 when he choked on a chicken bone in a hotel . He was 72.
Wednesday, 5 December 2018
2111 Joseph Maclay
Constituency : Paisley 1931-45
The Liberals had a difficult time in the 1928-31 Parliament. After the disappointing result in 1929, the Liberals became hopelessly divided over support for the Labour government. Lloyd George pursued a policy of co-operation with Labour with a view to extracting concessions on electoral reform. Just as he succeeded in getting McDonald's agreement, the rug was pulled from under him by old enemy John Simon who had been negotiating with Chamberlain and led around half the parliamentary party into resigning the Liberal whip. Before the dust had settled, the government was engulfed in crisis and the plan for a National Government emerged. Despite Simon's band being more congenial, it was the official Liberals who were invited to join the government. Lloyd George was conveniently sidelined by illness but gave his blessing to his deputy Herbert Samuel to join the government. When the Tories insisted on an election, Samuel, to Lloyd George's horror, agreed. Lloyd George withdrew his support but only three relatives and Frank Owen went with him as Independent Liberals. Simon had not been idle and outflanked Samuel by promising unqualified support for the government including protection. This guaranteed no Conservative opposition for the bulk of his followers who now called themselves Liberal Nationals. This wasn't the case for Samuel's group although Conservatives did stand down for official Liberals in certain seats/
The total Liberal representation increased to 74. The Liberal Nationals won 34 seats, and their haul included a few newcomers. The official Liberals lost 15 seats to the Tories but gained a few from Labour where the Tories withdrew and finished with 36. Apart from Owen, Lloyd George's family group held their seats.
Joseph took Paisley which Asquith had lost in 1924. The Conservatives withdrew for him although his majority was larger than their vote in 1929.
Joseph was the son of Baron Maclay. He was educated at Fettes College and Cambridge. He became chairman of his father's shipping company. He also had interests in banking.
Joseph's maiden speech opposed the government's Wheat Bill in 1932 though he had accepted other tariffs..
Joseph was a friend of Herbert Samuel but refused to go into opposition with him in 1933 and remained on the government benches though he declined to join the Liberal Nationals. He accompanied Samuel to a Conference of the Institute of Pacific Relations in Canada in 1933.
As a government supporter, Joseph was spared Tory opposition in 1935 and scraped home by 377 votes . In 1940, he and Gwilym Lloyd George were the only Liberals who voted with Chamberlain in the Norway debate. In 1943, he was appointed Head of the Convoy and Admiralty Liaison in the Ministry of War Transport.
Joseph stood down in 1945.The following year he became president of the Chamber of Shipping of the U.K. and chaired the International Shipping Conference in London in 1947.
Joseph succeeded his father in 1951.
He died in 1969 aged 70.
Tuesday, 4 December 2018
2110 Alec Glassey
Constituency : Dorset East 1929-31
Alec took Dorset East from the Tories at the second attempt. He won by 277 votes in a three-cornered contest.
Alec was a Congregationalist minister's son from Yorkshire. He was educated at Penistone Grammar School. He became an elocution tutor .He served in World War One and was mentioned in despatches. He stood in East Dorset in 1924 and raised the Liberal vote against the trend in a three-cornered contest. He campaigned on Lloyd George's plans to develop the energy industries. He was a lay preacher. He had inherited wealth from potteries around Poole.
Alec supported a Ministry of Defence as a stepping stone towards disarmament. He was appointed a government whip in 1931.
Alec wanted to stand as a National candidate in the general election without reference to party. Macdonald supported him. He made a late decision to join the Liberal Nationals in the hope the Tories would step down but the previous MP wanted his seat back and Alec was fairly narrowly defeated in a three -cornered contest.
Alec immediately rejoined the official Liberals after his defeat.
Alec held high office in the Congregational church nationally.
Alec was one of the tallest MPs.
Alec suffered from blindness in later years.
He died in 1970 aged 82. He was John le Carre's uncle; his nephew described him as " a pompous arse" and "a vain and natty dresser with a great sense of his social importance".
That concludes our look at the victors of 1929. The Liberals won no by-elections in the 1929-31 Parliament so we move to the winners in 1931.
Monday, 3 December 2018
2109 Percy Pybus
Constituency : Harwich 1929-35 ( from 1931 Liberal National )
Percy took Harwich from the Tories, helped by Labour's withdrawal.
Percy started out as an apprentice engineer and became managing director of Phoenix Dynamo Manufacturing Company. He retained the position with two others when it amalgamated into English Electric in 1918.. He took sole charge in 1921. He held other directorships including The Times newspaper.
Percy was made Minister of Transport in 1931, necessitating a speedy return from America but then jumped ship to join Simon's Liberal Nationals. He had a crushing victory over Labour at the general election and was re-appointed to the position. He served until 1933. In 1934, he was created a baronet.
He died in 1935 just before the election aged 55..
Sunday, 2 December 2018
2108 Milner Gray
Constituency : Mid-Bedfordshire 1929-31
Milner recaptured Mid-Bedfordshire from the Tories.
Milner was the son of a Baptist minister though he himself switched to Methodism. He was educated in Greenwich. He was chairman of a hat manufacturing firm and a director of United Match Industries. He stood for Wellingborough in 1918 as a couponed Liberal but lost out to Labour. He fought the 1919 by-election at St Albans as an Asquithian campaigning for free trade but came third, losing his deposit. He stood for Bedford in 1923 coming very close in a straight fight with the Tories. He held on to second place there in 1924.
Milner's maiden speech championed free trade in wheat prices
Milner was briefly parliamentary secretary to the Ministry of Labour in 1931. He wanted to be the National candidate at the general election without joining Simon's group but the Tories would not accept this and put up a candidate who took the seat in a three-cornered contest.
In 1933, Milner chaired a Liberal policy committee on unemployment insurance. He tried to persuade Lloyd George to take a more active part in the party by speaking to the National Liberal Federation in 1934 but was rebuffed. In 1935, he estimated that government trade policy had exacerbated unemployment by half a million.
Milner stood again in 1935 but the Tories consolidated their hold. He was subsequently elected to the Liberal Party Council and then chairman of the party's executive. He stood for West Derbyshire in a by-election in 1938 but came third.
Milner was a champion of the League of Nations. He also took up the cause of Jewish persecution in Germany.
He died in 1943 aged 71.
Saturday, 1 December 2018
2107 Edward Burgin
Constituency : Luton 1929-45 ( from 1931 Liberal National )
Edward took Luton from the Tories in a three-cornered contest.
Edward was a solicitor's son. He was educated at the University of London and became a solicitor himself. He was a specialist in international law and principal of the Law Society. Edward contested Hornsey four times from a by-election in 1921 and would have won in 1923 but for Labour's intervention. He contested East Ham Nrth in a by-election in 1926 but came third.
Edward was a pacifist and supported a Ministry of Defence as a staging post to disarmament.
Edward joined the Liberal Nationals in 1931 and had an easy win over Labour. He was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade in 1932. He had another easy win in 1935.
In 1937 Edward was made Minister of Transport and then the first Minister of Supply in 1939. His appointment was ridiculed in Guilty Men as inappropriate. Churchill dropped him from the government when he took over.
He stood down in 1945 and died just weeks later aged 58.
Friday, 30 November 2018
2106 Harry Nathan
Constituency : Bethnal Green North East 1929-34 ( from 1933 Independent Liberal ), 1934-5 ( Labour ), Wandsworth Central 1937-40 ( Labour )
Harry took Bethnal Green North East from Labour despite the intervention of a Tory candidate.
Harry was the son of a fine art publisher. He was educated at St Paul's School and became a solicitor. He was Honoary Secretary of London's largest Jewish Lads' Club. He was a Zionist and was honorary secretary to the Land and Nation League. He served in Worl War One and reached the rank of Major. In 1924 he stood for Whitechapel and St George's but failed to unseat Labour.
Harry supported the Labour government on price-fixing. At a meeting in July 1930 he expressed the view that the party was "done for".
Harry was friendly with Lloyd George but stayed loyal to Herbert Samuel when the party split.
In 1931, Harry increased his majority as the Tories withdrew. He was a founding member of the Central British Fund for German Jewry.
Harry opposed all the government's protectionist measures. In December 1931 he led a rebellion of four Samuelite Liberals against the Import Duties Bill. He was the first Samuelite to cross to the opposition benches. In 1933 he declared himself an Independent Liberal then joined Labour the following year. He opted to stand in Cardiff South rather than defend his seat and ran the Tories close in a straight fight.
In 1937, Harry won Wandsworth Central from the Tories in a by-election. He resigned in 1940 to allow Ernest Bevin to become an MP and was raised to the peerage as Baron Nathan. He held posts in Attlee's government as Under Secretary of State for War from 1945 to 1946 and Minister of Civil Aviation from 1946 to 1948.
He died in 1963 aged 74.
Thursday, 29 November 2018
2105 William Lygon aka Viscount Elmley
Constituency : Norfolk East 1929-38 ( from 1931 Liberal National )
William recaptured Norfolk East from the Tories in a three-cornered contest.
William was the son and heir of Earl Beauchamp, lader of the Liberals in the lords from 1924 to 1931.
William was briefly a whip in 1931 then joined the Liberal Nationals. He had easy wins over Labour in 1931 and 1935.
William succeeded his father in 1938.
He died in 1979 aged 75.
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