Friday, 24 May 2013
157 John Roebuck
Constituency : Bath 1832-7, 1841-7 , Sheffield 1849-68 , 1874-9
John was one of the great parliamentary characters of the mid-Victorian period. He was a minor aristocrat whose father worked in the civil service. He was born in Madras and brought up in Canada following his widowed mother's remarriage. He returned to England in 1824 , became a barrister and fell under the influence of the utilitarian reformers of the day such as Mill. He was first elected for Bath in 1832 supporting householder suffrage and the ballot. He lost no time in making his presence felt by attacking Palmerston's Spanish policy. He was a member of the British North American Association and supported Canadian interests in Parliament. He produced pamphlets promoting his views and in 1835 fought a duel against a newspaper editor who took exception to a charge made in them. He lost the seat in 1837 due to his outspoken criticisms of the Whigs then regained it in 1841. In 1847 fell victim to a concerted attack by the Nonconformist militants enraged by his opposition to voluntaryism in education and support for the Maynooth grant. He returned for Sheffield in 1849.
John styled himself a philosophic Radical but he was more of a natural rebel who denounced all "shams". He was short and lame but a fiery speaker who cherished his independence. His criticism and invective made him more popular outside the House than in it. John Vincent describes him as a "perfectly disinterested nuisance". Although joining the Reform Club in 1836 he remained very antagonistic towards the Whigs who had "ever been an exclusive and aristocratic faction , though at times employing democratic principles and phrases as weapons of offence against their opponents". They were demagogues out of office and exclusive oligarchs when they held it. He was a fierce critic of Palmerston accusing him of global interference and claiming that the interests of commerce should come before any balance of power considerations. However they were not always opposed and John moved the motion supportive of Palmerston over the Don Pacifico affair. They clashed fiercely in 1856 with Palmerston claiming John was supporting America against Britain over the Mosquito Coast.
In 1852 he was prepared to support Aberdeen saying "Lord John will never again unite us. Lord Palmerston, though popular, wants the support of the sedate portion of politicians." Despite his he brought down the Aberdeen government by successfully calling for a select committee of enquiry into the conduct of the Crimean War (which he had supported) . The motion was carried despite John being too ill to say more than a few words. He chaired the proceedings but did not have things his own way with the committee accepting the Seymour Report which indicted the system rather than scapegoating individuals. He went on to chair the Administrative Reform Association
John was present at the Willis's Tea Room gathering where he declared that he would never serve under Palmerston because of the Conspiracy to Murder Bill. He supported Bright's parliamentary reform campaign.
In later years John became much more right wing and a strong supporter of his erstwhile foe Lord Palmerston. In 1862 he alienated working class supporters with a speech at Salisbury declaring them spendthrift and wife beaters. He wanted Britain to recognise the South in the American Civil War and canvassed the support of Napoleon III for it. He detested Gladstone and was more than happy to support Disraeli in the debates on the Second Reform Act . He also defended Austrian rule in Italy as he had business interests in Austrian railways. In 1868 as a result of these faux pas and his denunciation of trade unions he was ejected from Sheffield by Anthony Mundella but regained the second seat when George Hadfield stood down in 1874. In the ensuing years John moreorless went over to the Conservatives , supporting Disraeli's Turkish policy against Gladstone and receiving a privy councillorship in 1878. Mundella later blamed his stance for softening up the seat for the Tories "Unitarianism and Wesleyan Toryism abounds and even Congregationalists have gone over to the enemy since 1874. All owing to the long reign of Roebuck and the Jingo tendencies of the people".
He died in London in 1879 aged 77.
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