Saturday, 31 March 2018
1869 William Edge
Constituency : Bolton 1916-23, Bosworth 1927-45 ( from 1931 Liberal National )
William came in at Bolton after the resignation of Thomas Taylor.
William was the son of a colour manufacturer. He was educated at Bolton School. He went into his father's business. He held a staff post at the War Office so could style himself Captain Edge.He was a Wesleyan Methodist.
William was known as a good platform speaker.
William received the coupon in 1918 and he and his Labour colleague were elected unopposed. He became a junior whip in Lloyd George's government. The coalition held in Bolton in 1922 with William being re-elected in tandem with the Conservative candidate. He was knighted that year
William remained a whip in opposition but resigned as a protest against the government's imposition of a duty on fabric glove imports.
In 1923 William came fourth in a very tight six-cornered contest with only 4,000 votes separating first from sixth.
William was close to Lloyd George and in 1925 became one of the trustees of his political fund. He was enthusiastic about the land campaign instigated in 1925.
William returned to Parliament when he won the Bosworth by-election in 1927 with strong support from Lloyd George. He increased his majority in 1929.
In 1930 William took part in a race with some homing pigeons from the Commons to Leicester.
Despite his friendship with Lloyd George , William joined Simon in the Liberal Nationals in 1931 and enjoyed easy victories with Conservative support in 1931 and 1935. However, he would still vote with Labour on occasion. He was created a baronet in 1937.
William stood down in 1945.
He died in 1948 aged 68.
Friday, 30 March 2018
1868 James Hill
Constituency : Bradford Central 1916-18
James took over at Bradford after the death of Sir George Robertson.
James was the son of a wool merchant. He established his own firm specialising in wool-combing and top-making. He was Lord Mayor of Bradford in 1907-08. He was chairman of the Bradford Weekly Telegraph.
James was created a baronet in 1917.
In 1918, James came a poor third.
James and his sons formed a syndicate to buy Salts Mill in 1918.
He died in 1936 aged 86.
Thursday, 29 March 2018
1867 James Gilbert
Constituency :Newington West 1916-18, Southwark Central 1918-24
James took over from Cecil Norton who was given a peerage. He had to defeat an independent candidate to take his seat.
James was born in Newington and was privately educated. He became a banker and City merchant. He was elected to the LCC as a Progressive and was a councillor for the next 30 years. He held many committee chairmanships and was particularly interested in transport questions. James was an agnostic and reportedly didn't speak to his Catholic brother John who sat on the LCC for the Tories.
Once in Parliament James served on a number of select committees to do with transport.
James organised river trips for wounded soldiers during the war.
James received the coupon and easily held the re-drawn seat. He had another easy victory over Labour in 1922 but a tighter one in 1923 when a Tory stood. He came second to Labour in 1924.
James travelled the world extensively.
He died in 1941 aged 77.
Wednesday, 28 March 2018
1866 Albert Illingworth
Constituency : Heywood 1915-18, Heywood and Radcliffe 1918-21
Albert took over at Heywood after Harold Cawley was killed in action.
Albert was the brother of Percy Illingworth, the MP for Shipley. He was educated at London International College and became a partner in the family cotton spinning business. He also had directorships in the National Provincial Bank and the Ford Motor Company.
Albert served as Postmaster-General for Lloyd George from 1916 to 1921. He was awarded the coupon and had an easy win over Labour in 1918. He purchased the country estate of Denton Hall in 1920.
Albert stood down in 1921 and became Baron Illingworth .The by-election was won for Labour by Walter Halls who was one of Albert's employees.
In 1930, Albert joined the Conservatives.
Albert was keen on fieldsports.
He died in 1942 aged 76.
Tuesday, 27 March 2018
1865 Caradoc Rees
Constituency : Arfon 1915-18
Caradoc took over at Arfon after the death of William Jones.
Caradoc was born in Birkenhead and educated at Liverpool Institute. He became a solicitor and then a barrister. He stood for Denbigh Boroughs in December 1910, losing by 9 votes.
Caradoc stood down in 1918 although he had a substantial input to the Coalition Liberal manifesto.
In 1921, Caradoc became a County court judge.
He died in 1924 aged 56.
Monday, 26 March 2018
1864 Sir Swire Smith
Constituency : Keighley 1915-18
Sir Swire came into the Commons at an advanced age due to a moment of high political drama. Asquith was obliged to form a coalition with the Unionists to prevent a debate on the shell shortage and part of the price extracted was the dismissal of Haldane as Lord Chancellor for his supposed pro-German sympathies.Stanley Buckmaster was hastily ennobled to replace him creating a vacancy at Keighley.
Swire was a local machine maker's son , educated at Keighley National School and Wesley College, Sheffield. He began work as an apprentice to a worsted manufacturer. He was interested in technical education. He published pamphlets on the subject and sat on the Royal Commission on Technical Instruction from 1881 to 1884. He also advanced in the wool trade and was senior partner in a worsted spinning firm. He was knighted in 1898. He had an interest in a Florida bank but that failed. He initiated Keighley's first public library after personal consultation with Andrew Carnegie. He was a committed Free Trader and an executive member of the Free Trade Union. He had turned down opportunities to stand in Skipton and Keighley in previous elections. He was a Congregationalist.
Swire died of lung congestion after a minor operation on his prostate in 1918.
Sunday, 25 March 2018
1863 Alexander Shaw
Constituency :Kilmarnock Burghs 1915-18, Kilmarnock 1918-23
Alexander took over at Kilmarnock after William Gladstone was killed in action.
Alexander was the son of the former Hawick Burghs MP, Thomas Shaw. Alexander was educated at Oxford where he was President of the Union in 1905. He became a barrister.
Alexander himself served in World War One and fought at the Somme. He became a lieutenant.
Alexander received the coupon in 1918 and had an easy win over Labour. It was much tighter in 1922.
Alexander stood down in 1923. He became chairman of P & O and a director of the Bank of England.
In 1929 Alexander's father was created Baron Craigmyle and Alexander succeeded to the title in 1937.
He died in 1944 aged 61.
Saturday, 24 March 2018
1862 Samuel Galbraith
Constituency : Mid Durham 1915-18, Spennymoor 1918-22
Samuel took over at Durham from the deceased John Wilson.
Samuel was born in Ireland. He was elected to Durham County Council in 1888 and became an alderman. He worked as a miner's agent from 1900 and was sponsored by the Durham Miners' Association.
Samuel received the coupon but did not want it and had a fairly narrow win over Labour at Spennymoor.
Samuel stood down in 1922 having suffered a stroke.
He died in 1936 aged 82.
Friday, 23 March 2018
1861 Thomas Williams
Constituency : Swansea 1915-18, Swansea East 1918-19
Thomas took over at Swansea when David Jones was appointed a judge.
Thomas was the eldest son of the former Swansea MP, William Williams. He was educated at University College School, London and Firth College. Thomas was a barrister and businessman with interests in the tinplate industry, mining and railways.He stood for Gower in 1906 but was narrowly defeated by the Independent Liberal-Labour candidate John Williams.
Thomas's parliamentary contributions were largely concerned with his business interests.
Thomas received the coupon in 1918 and easily defeated Labour in Swansea East.
He died of colitis in 1919 aged just 47.
Thursday, 22 March 2018
1860 Edward Hilton Young
Constituency : Norwich 1915-23, 1924-6, 1926-9, Sevenoaks 1929-35 ( Conservative )
Edward took over at Norwich when Frederick Low became a judge.
Edward was a baronet's son from Berkshire. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge. He became a barrister but got little work and switched to financial journalism. In 1908, he became assistant editor of The Economist but switched to city editor of The Morning Post in 1910. He stood at Preston in December 1910. He was friendly with a number of members of the Bloomsbury Group including E M. Forster. He enlisted in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve in 1914. He served in a number of theatres and had to have his right arm amputated after taking part in the Zeebrugge Raid. Nevertheless he supported Clive Bell's claim to conscientious objector status.
Edward does not seem to have received the coupon but only an Independent Labour candidate opposed him and the Coalition Labour candidate. He was quickly appointed Parliamentary Secretary to H.A.L. Fisher at Education. In 1921 he became Financial Secretary to the Treasury with responsibility for wielding the "Geddes Axe". He wanted Lloyd George to abandon the coalition.
In 1922 Edward , standing for the Lloyd George Liberals and Roberts (standing as an Independent ) easily fended off a couple of Labour candidates. He became Lloyd George's Chief Whip .In 1923 he and Roberts ( now a Unionist ) came third and fourth respectively. In 1924 , without a second Liberal candidate in the field and having negotiated a pact with the Tories, he topped the poll.
In 1926 Edward defected to the Conservatives over the Liberal land policy.
Edward helped stabilise the currency systems of Poland and Iraq in the 1920s and was on the board of railway, electric and maritime companies. He was a delegate to the Assembly of the League of Nations in 1926-7. He was Minister for Export Credits ( 1929-31 ) and Minister for Health ( 1931-5 ) where he contributed to substantial housing and planning legislation.
Edward retired from politics in 1935 and was created Baron Kennet. He was chair of the Capital Issues Committee from 1937 to 1959.
Edward published a number of books including economics works, a war memoir and poetry collection.
Edward married the widow of Captain Scott.
He died in 1960 aged 81.
Wednesday, 21 March 2018
1859 John Hancock
Constituency : Mid Derbyshire 1909-15 ( Labour ), 1915-18; Belper 1918-23
John was a former pit boy who had become involved in trade union activities. He rose to become General Secretary of the Nottinghamshire Miners Association. He was sponsored by the Derbyshire Miners Association to be Liberal candidate to succeed Sir James Jacoby at Mid Derbyshire in 1909 but during the campaign the issue of miners' affiliation arose and John pledged to sign the Labour constitution and take the Labour whip in Parliament.
John was never entirely happy with that situation and after the treatment his friend Barnet Kenyon received he decided to go back to the Liberals in 1915. He tried to take the NMA out of the MFGB political fund.
John opposed wartime strike action.
Despite not receiving the coupon, John was unopposed for Belper in 1918 and held the seat comfortably against Labour in 1922. In 1923 the Conservatives contested the seat and took it with John falling to third place.
In 1927, John helped create the breakaway Nottinghamshire Miners' Industrial Union and was its Treasurer until the unions reunited in 1937.
He died in 1940 aged 82.
Tuesday, 20 March 2018
1858 Sir James Dougherty
Constituency : Londonderry City 1914-18
Sir James took over at Londonderry after the death of David Hogg.
Sir James was a surgeon's son from Londonderry. He was educated at Queen's University, Belfast. He was ordained a Presbyterian minister and taught English and Logic at Magee College, Londonderry. He was Assistant Commissioner of the Educational Endowments Commission Of Ireland ( 1885-92 ), Commissioner of Education ( 1890-95) ,Assistant Under-Secretary for Ireland ( 1895-1908 ) and Under-Secretary for Ireland ( 1908-14 ). He was knighted in 1902.
James stood don in 1918 and no Liberal contested the seat which fell to Sin Fein.
He died in 1934 aged 89. He was the last Liberal to be elected for an Irish constituency.
Monday, 19 March 2018
1857 Sir Walter Runciman
Constituency : The Hartlepools 1914-18
Sir Walter took over at Hartlepool on the death of Stephen Furness.
Walter was the son of a Scottish schooner master. He ran away to sea at 11 and worked his way up until he was in a position to found a shipping line, the South Shields Shipping Company, of his own. He was created a baronet in 1906. Walter was a teetotaller.
Walter denounced the German naval assault on Hartlepool in 1914 as "a colossal act of murder by ingrained soundrels".
Walter stood down in 1918.
In 1932 walter became President of the Shipping Fderation.
In 1933 Walter was created Baron Runciman. He never spoke in either House.
Walter wrote a number of books including an account of Napoleon's exile in St Helena.
He died in 1937 aged 90. His son Walter had preceded him into the Commons.
Sunday, 18 March 2018
1856 Alfred Yeo
Constituency : Poplar 1914-18, Poplar South 1918-22
Alfred took over from Sydney Buxton who had become Governor-General of South Africa. He was not a unanimous selection and only narrowly defeated the Unionists.
Alfred was the son of a London house painter. He had an elementary education then worked in an iron foundry before working in the musical instrument business. He was active in local government, becoming mayor of Poplar in 1903 and a Progressive councillor on the LCC. He was a staunch Nonconformist.
Alfred supported animal rights. He authored a number of political pamphlets.
During the war Alfred worked to prevent rent rises and fair tribunals for sole traders.
Alfred was knighted in 1918. He received the coupon and defeated Labour and a Tory standing under the guise of the NFDSS but lost to |Labour in 1922. He was defeated at Kettering in 1923, coming third.
Alfred was adopted as parliamentary candidate for Romford in 1927 but suffered a nervous breakdown. He died in 1928 aged 75.
Alfred was the last pre-war Liberal to be elected. The next batch of MPs were elected unopposed due to the wartime electoral truce.
Saturday, 17 March 2018
1855 John Pratt
Constituency : Linlithgowshire 1913-18, Glasgow Cathcart 1918-22
John took over at Linlithgowshire following the resignation of Alexander Ure.
John was warden of the Glasgow University Settlement and had been a Fabian.
John's maiden speech was in favour of Home Rule.
John supported Lloyd George and became a junior whip in 1916. He was Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health for Scotland from 1919 to 1922.
John stepped down in 1922 when he was knighted. In 1923 he very narrowly failed to regain Churchill's seat at Dundee.In a 1924 by-election, he stood at Glasgow Kelvingrove and came a very poor third. He did not stand in the 1924 election.
In 1929 John contested Sunderland but came sixth.
John joined Oswald Mosley's New Party in 1931 and contested Manchester Hulme, coming third.
He died in 1952 aged 79.
Friday, 16 March 2018
1854 Barnet Kenyon
Constituency : Chesterfield 1913-29
Barnet took over from James Haslam at Chesterfield in another controversial by-election. Barnet was put forward by the Derbyshire Miners Association to succeed Haslam but he also enjoyed the support of the local Liberal Association and decided to describe himself as a Liberal in the contest. Labour's NEC and the MFGB grumbled but did not put up an alternative candidate. Barnet defeated a Tory and an Independent Labour candidate, John Scurr. Barnet was the last of the Lib-Lab MPs.
Barnet was a Yorkshireman with no formal education who started work in a quarry aged 7. He worked at many pits before settling at Shireoaks as a checkweighman. He helped found the Derbyshire Miners Association in 1880 and was President of the Derbyshire Miners Federation from 1896 to 1906. He later held paid positions. He was a Primitive Methodist lay preacher.
In 1918 Barnet received the coupon and was elected unopposed. This didn't stop him lending support to other Liberals in Derbyshie who didn't have the coupon. He was unopposed again in 1922. In 1923 he saw off both Conservative and Labour challenges easily. In 1924 he defeated Labour alone.
Barnet retired on health grounds in 1929.
He died in 1930 aged 79.
Thursday, 15 March 2018
1853 Gordon Hewart
Constituency : Leicester 1913-18, Leicester East 1918-22
Gordon took over at Leicester following the resignation of Elliott Crawshay-Williams.
Gordon was a draper's son from Bury. He was educated at Bury Grammar School and Oxford. He started work as a journalist for the Manchester Guardian and Morning Leader. He became a barrister. He contested Manchester North West in 1912.
Gordon was in favour of female suffrage.
In 1916 Gordon was knighted and became Solicitor-General. He became Attorney-General in 1919.
Gordon received the coupon in 1918.
In 1922 Gordon resigned his seat to become Lord Chief Justice, a post he held until 1940. He was created Baron Hewart. He had many critics as a judge who felt he made up his mind too quickly.
In 1929 Gordon published The New Despotism which argued that the executive was becoming too powerful. A Committee on Ministers' Powers was set up in response but it rejected most of his arguments.
Gordon became Viscount Hewart in 1940.
He died in 1943 aged 73.
Wednesday, 14 March 2018
1852 ( 1358a ) Robert Cameron
Constituency : Houghton-le-Spring 1895-1913
Here's one that got missed earlier. Robert took over from Henry Fenwick at Houghton-le-Spring back in 1895.
Robert's maiden speech was in favour of teachers' pensions. Given his length of service, Robert's contributions were few and ceased altogether after 1906.
Robert increased his majority at each successive election and was unopposed in December 1910.
He died in 1913 aged 87.
Tuesday, 13 March 2018
1851 David Hogg
Constituency : Londonderry City 1913-4
David chalked up a rare Liberal gain, taking Londonderry City from the Irish Unionists. He was the last Liberal to win a contested election in Ireland.David won by 57 votes largely due to Catholic support.
David was a Protestant shirt manufacturer with a large factory in the city.
David's onlt speech in the House was in favour of Home Rule.
David died in August 1914 aged 74.
Monday, 12 March 2018
1850 Thomas Parry
Constituency : Flint 1913-18, Flintshire 1918-24
Thomas took over from the deceased James Summers.
Thomas was educated at University College, Aberystwyth and Cambridge. He became a barrister.
Thomas's maiden speech was in support of Welsh disestablishment and he refuted suggestions that he had skirted round the issue in the by-election campaign.
Thomas joined up at the start of World War One and served at Gallipoli and in the Middle East. He was wounded a number of times in Egypt. He rose to the rank of Major and by 1919, Lieutenant-Colonel.
Thomas received the coupon in 1918 and was returned for the county seat unopposed. He held on in a three-cornered contest in 1922 and had an easy win over the Unionists in 1923.
Labour returned to the fray in 1924 and with Thomas incapacitated by a flare up of his war wounds, the seat fell to the Unionists.
He died of pneumonia in 1939 aged 58.
Sunday, 11 March 2018
1849 Thomas Taylor
Constituency : Bolton 1912-16
Thomas took over at Bolton after the death of George Harwood.
Thomas was the son of a corn merchant. He was educated at Bolton Church Institute and became an apprentice in a cotton firm. He progressed through the ranks to become a Board member. In 1894 he resigned and set up his own company. He was known locally as "Daddy Taylor" and often sorted out domestic quarrels informally.
Thomas favoured disestablishment of the church in both England and Wales although he was an Anglican himself.
Thomas resigned due to ill health in 1916 and died later that year aged 65.
Saturday, 10 March 2018
1848 Josiah Jones
Constituency : Carmarthenshire East 1912-18, Llanelli 1918-21
Josiah took over from the deceased Abel Thomas for whom he'd been acting as agent for the past twenty years.
Josiah was the son of a shoe-maker. He began work as a farm worker then worked at sea as a cabin boy and cook but was dismissed after a crockery accident He then became a Congregationalist minister. He was a friend of Tom Ellis and Lloyd George.
Josiah made few contributions in Parliament. He supported Welsh disestablishment and the establishment of a National Library in Wales.
Josiah helped recruit into the Welsh Guards during World War One but he opposed conscription. He became a whip for Lloyd George. He saw the Coalition as upholding the traditional Liberal ethic of free enterprise and class harmony against socialism.
In 1918 Josiah switched to Llanelli where he won in a straight fight with Labour.
Josiah stood down in 1922.
He died in 1925 aged 66.
Friday, 9 March 2018
1847 Robert Outhwaite
Constituency : Stoke-on-Trent Hanley 1912-18
Robert took over from Enoch Edwards at Hanley after one of the bitterest and most subsequently debated by-election results of the Parliament. Edwards had obeyed the instruction of his union to take the Labour whip in 1909 but only with great reluctance. Knowing this, the local Liberals had been happy to let him continue as the local MP in both 1910 elections but when he died in 1912, they re-asserted their right to choose the candidate for the constituency and selected Robert to oppose the Labour choice. He campaigned heavily on Lloyd George's Land Tax proposals. Robert managed to push Labour into third place with just 11 % of the vote. This result is often used to rebut the argument that the Liberals' decline was inevitable before World War One broke out.
Robert was born in Tasmania. where he had a sheep farm . He emigrated to Britain and became a journalist. He was a friend of Josiah Wedgwood and like him, a fervent proponent of Henry George's Single Tax proposals. He stood for Birmingham West ( Joseph Chamberlain's seat ) in 1906 and Horsham in January 1910.
Robert was a pacifist and opposed Britain's entry into the war, believing that Russia -"this semi-cilivised, barbaric and brutal race" would be the ultimate victors. In 1915 he published an antiwar pamphlet, The Ghosts of the Slain. When the Russian Revolution broke out he advocated joining the "universal proletarian revolution." His local Liberal association de-selected him so he had to fight the 1918 election as an Independent Liberal. He came a poor third with an NDP candidate taking the seat but at least had the satisfaction of coming in ahead of the Liberal.
Robert followed Wedgwood into the Labour party and founded the Hanley branch of the I.L.P. He was also a founder of the Commonwealth League.
Robert published The Land or Revolution in 1917.
He died in 1930 aged 62.
Thursday, 8 March 2018
1846 William Hewins
Constituency : Hereford 1912 ( Liberal Unionist ) ; 1912-18 ( Conservative )
William took over from the Conservative, John Arkwright at Hereford. He was elected unopposed. The by-election took place two months before the final merger of the Conservative and Liberal Unionist parties making William the last MP to be elected under the latter colours.*
William was the son of an iron merchant. He was educated at Wolverhampton Grammar School and Oxford. He became a university lecturer and then first Director of the London School of Economics from 1895 to 1903. He quit to work for Joseph Chamberlain as Secretary of the Tariff Commission . He contested Shipley in January 1910 and Middleton in 1912.
William played an important part in the formation of the first wartime coalition when he warned Asquith that he was going to raise the shells shortage question in 1915.
William was Under Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1917 to 1918.
William, stood down in 1918 when local Tories made clear their preference for another candidate. He returned to academia and published books on trade and imperialism.
He died in 1931 aged 66.
* It should be noted that Neville Chamberlain, for one , never regarded himself as a Conservative and always stood as a plain "Unionist" candidate.
Wednesday, 7 March 2018
1845 Leo Amery
Constituency : Birmingham South 1911-12 ( Liberal Unionist ); 1912-18 , Birmingham Sparkbrook 1918-45 ( Conservative )
Leo took over at Birmingham South for the LIberal Unionists on the elevation of Charles Howard to Earl of Carlisle. He was elected unopposed.
Leo was born in India as his father was a civil servant in the Indian Forestry Commission. He was educated at Harrow and Oxford. He was a reporter for The Times , covering the Boer War. He also wrote articles attacking free trade and in 1906 wrote The Fundamental Fallacies of Free Trade. He turned down the editorship of The Observer in 1908 to concentrate on politics. He contested Wolverhampton East in 1906 and 1908, losing by just 8 votes in the by-election.
During World War One Leo was employed as an Intelligence Officer in the Balkans due to his linguistic skills. He became a PPS to Balfour in Lloyd George's wartime government and helped draft the Balfour Declaration.
Leo was opposed to the League of Nations, believing it to be unrealistic and referred to Wilson's "facile slogan of self-determination". He was Under Secretary of State for the Colonies in Lloyd George's peacetime government then First Lord of the Admiralty from 1922 to 1923. He was Colonial Secretary from 1924 to 1929.
As a long time friend of Churchill, Leo was left out of the National Government and went into business as a director of a number of companies including German metal fabrication companies giving him a special insight into German military potential.He met Hitler on at least one occasion. He consistently opposed appeasement but also co-operation with the Soviet Union against Germany. He also disliked Rooseveldt's administration for its pressure on Canadian trade policy.
Leo was a major player in the Norway debate of 1940 applying Cromwell's famous quote "You have sat too long here for any good you have been doing. Depart, I say, and let us have done with you. In the name of God, go !" to Chamberlain. It is credited with turning the vote of many Conservative MPs. He served in Churchill's Cabinet as Secretary of State for India despite their disagreements over the country's future.
Leo was defeated in 1945 as Birmingham's former Liberal Unionist bastions fell to Labour. He declined a peerage to allow his son Julian to pursue a political career in the Commons.
Leo was a keen mountaineer.
He died in 1955 aged 81.
Tuesday, 6 March 2018
1844 Sydney Arnold
Constituency : Holmfirth 1912-18, Penistone 1918-21
Sydney took over from Henry Wilson at Holmfirth.
Sydney was educated at Manchester Grammar School .He contested Holderness in December 1910.
In 1914 Sydney was appointed as PPS to Jack Pease at Education. He later became PPS to Edwin Montagu at the Treasury.
Sydney supported a capital levy and the nationalisation of mines and railways.
Sydney served in World War One as a captain.
Sydney switched to Penistone when his constituency was abolished and saw off a couponed Conservative.
Sydney resigned his seat on health grounds in 1921.
Sydney joined the Labour party in 1922. In 1924 he was created Baron Arnold. He was Under Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1924 and Paymaster General in 1929-31. In the late thirties he was part of the Parliamentary Pacifist Group. He resigned from Labour in 1938 due to disagreements over foreign policy. He supported appeasement policies.
He died in 1945 aged 67.
Monday, 5 March 2018
1843 Hector Morison
Constituency : Hackney South 1912-18
Hector took over from Horatio Bottomley after his disqualification for bankruptcy. In December 1910 a faction had put up a rival Liberal candidate against Bottomley but Hector appears to have been acceptable to all.
Hector was born in Glasgow and attended school and university there. He started out as a stockbroker in Glasgow but soon realised he needed to relocate to London. He specialised in the textile trade having married into a prominent Manchester family. He stood for Lewes in 1906 and Eastbourne in the 1910 elections.
Hector made few contributions in Parliament.
Hector stood down in 1918 and retired from politics.
Hector was a keen motorist.
He died in 1939 aged 89.
Sunday, 4 March 2018
1842 James Hogge
Constituency : Edinburgh East 1912-24
James took over from the deceased Sir James Gibson at Edinburgh.He received a letter of support from Lloyd George saying "We want more men in the House possessing your deep sympathy for social reform and your knowledge of social questions".
James was educated at Edinburgh Normal School and Edinburgh University. He was President of the Edinburgh Liberal Association. He started out as a teacher then qualified as a preacher in the United Free Church of Scotland. He then switched to doing social work under the auspices of the Rowntrees. He became a Progressive councillor in York. He stood at Glasgow Camlachie in December 1910 losing by 26 votes. He was Honorary Secretary of the Anti-Gambling League. He was a founder member of the Young Scots Society in 1900 campaigning for Scottish Home Rule and social reform.
James supported female suffrage. He wrote essays on Scottish economics and an advice column for the Edinburgh Evening News.
James opposed Kitchener's appointment as War Secretary and conscription. He openly asociated with conscientious objectors. During the war he worked assiduously to secure pensions for war widows and invalids. He pushed for the Civil Liberties Act of 1915 which provided for state settlement of debts incurred by soldiers whose army pay was below their civilian wage . He was hoping to be appointed Pensions minister and declined a junior post in the Ministry. He founded the Naval and Military Pensions League in 1917. He became one of Lloyd George's most vocal critics although he also suggested that the Lloyd George Liberals would be safe from attack in the Maurice debate.
James saw off an NDP challenger in 1918. However he was not particularly enamoured of Asquith either and kept himself somewhat aloof. From 1919 to 1920 he was President of the National Association of Discharged Sailors and Soldiers. He was appointed a joint whip in 1919 against the wishes of Asquith who saw him as a permanent rebel. Donald Maclean described him as "permanently crooked and a natural wrecker". There were suggestions he had put a stand or resign ultimatum to Asquith over Paisley. He sounded out Lloyd George on reunion on behalf of some left wing Liberals.
In 1922 James defeated a challenge from a Lloyd George Liberal. He became the Asquithian chief whip. He became an agent for reunion, garnering support for a memorandum from 73 MPs across both factions . In 1923 he defeated a Unionist. He refused to serve as Scottish whip under the direction of Vivian Phillips. He voted with Labour on the Campbell case. In 1924, he came third as Labour took the seat.
He died in 1928 aged 55.
Saturday, 3 March 2018
1841 Daniel Holmes
Constituency : Glasgow Govan 1911-18
Daniel took over at Glasgow Govan when William Hunter became a judge. The campaign as mainly fought on the National Insurance issue.
Daniel was a steeplejack's son. He was educated at the Universities of London, Geneva and Paris. He worked in academia as an assistant examiner, teacher and lecturer in literature. He published a couple of travel journals. He spent his evenings lecturing at local literary societies. He came from a Scottish Presbyterian background but he himself was an atheist.
Daniel's maiden speech was on the Temperance (Scotland ) Bill which he supported.
In 1918 , Daniel came a very poor third behind Labour and a couponed Conservative.
He died in 1955 aged 92. He was Tony Benn's maternal grandfather.
Friday, 2 March 2018
1840 William Gladstone
Constituency : Kilmarnock Burghs 1911-15
William took over from the deceased Adam Rainy at Kilmarnock. He won more comfortably than many expected wich was put down to his abilities as a platform speaker.
William was the grandson of the former Prime Minister and son of the former Whitby MP of the same name. He was educated at Eton and Oxford and as president of the Oxford Union in 1907. He worked as a private secretary to Lord Aberdeen, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and as an attache to the British embassy in Washington. In 1910 he wrote that "I have a great dread of falling short of expectation; people insist on thinking that one has inherited more than one has from one's grandfather"
Asquith made him a junior whip.
William was opposed to British involvement in World War One and accurately predicted that it would inevitably mean conscription.
William enlisted as a second lieutenant at the start of World War One though he maintained that, "far from having the least inclination for military service, I dread it and dislike it intensely " . He was promoted to lieutenant in 1915.
He was killed by a sniper just three weeks after arriving in France. He was the last Gladstone to serve in the Commons.
Thursday, 1 March 2018
1839 Maurice de Forest
Constituency : West Ham North 1911-18
Maurice took over at West Ham after Charles Masterman's election was voided. He actually won by a higher majority than either of Masterman's victories in 1910. He positioned himself as a friend of the working man.
Maurice was born in Paris, the son of American circus performers. He and his brother were adopted by Baron de Hirsch and there has been a suggestion that he was actually their father. He inherited considerable estates in Moravia on his adoptive parents' deaths.He was educated at Eton and Oxford and became a naturalised British citizen in 1900. He joined the army and served between 1903 and 1906. He was a friend of Edward VII. He was a Catholic convert from Judaism. He was a friend of Churchill and hosted him in Moravia. He was a motoring enthusiast who held the land speed record between 1903 and 1905. He was also interested in aviation and gave a £4,000 prize to Thomas Sopwith for being the first Englishman to fly across the English channel. He also rode the Cresta Run in St Moritz. He stood for Southport in January 1910 where he was subjected to racist smears. He became a Progressive councillor in March, serving for three years. He was known as Baron de Forest until 1920 when he was pressured to resign his title.
In 1911 Maurice pursued his wife for adultery with a younger man. This was widely regarded as ungentlemanly. He then accused his mother-in-law of encouraging her for which he was successfully sued for libel.In 1913 he was blackballed at the Reform Club as a result, prompting Churchill to resign his membership in disgust.
When World War One broke out, there were those who fingered Maurice as an enemy alien but Churchill protected him and he served in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. He equipped the service with a fleet of armoured cars at his own expense.
In 1918 Maurice's estates were confiscated by the new state of Czechoslovakia and he was paid £100,000 in compensation.
Maurice stood down in 1918 as his seat was abolished.
In 1932 Maurice became naturalised in Liechtenstein and he became a diplomat for the state in 1936.
Maurice amassed a valuable art collection and maintained an animal sanctuary.
He died in 1968 aged 89.
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