Monday, 28 April 2014
491 Robert Kearsley
Constituency : Ripon 1865-8
Robert replaced John Greenwood at Ripon.
Robert was a local manufacturer of varnishes. He was mayor of the town from 1857 to 1859.
He died in 1892 aged 70.
Saturday, 26 April 2014
489 Isaac Holden
Constituency : Knaresborough 1865-8, North West Riding 1882-5, Keighley 1885-95
Isaac took the second seat at Knaresborough from the Tories in a close contest .
Isaac was born near Glasgow. Although he received only a basic education himself he became a teacher in Reading. Here he developed the Luicifer match although it was actually invented by another. He returned to Scotland where he developed a square-motion wool comber which he patented along with Samuel Lister. They set up in business near Paris which became the largest wool combing establishment in the world. Lister retired leaving Isaac with the business. Early in the 1860s he suffered a breakdown from nervous exhaustion and , on medical advice , left much of the business to his sons, choosing politics as a replacement pastime.
Isaac supported the Reform Bill of 1866 despite the proposal to abolish his borough. In the subsequent debates Isaac proposed an amendment against faggot votes which he maintained had led to previous Tory victories in Knaresborough.
Isaac stepped down in favour of his son-in-law Alfred Illingworth in 1868 and then found it difficult to get elected elsewhere. He lost in Eastern West Riding in 1868 and 1874 and narrowly lost a by-election at Northern West Riding in 1872. He won that seat in 1882 at the by-election caused by the murder of Frederick Cavendish then won Keighley when it was split in two in 1885. He was unopposed in 1886 and 1892 by which time he was known as the "Grand Old Man of Yorkshire".
Isaac was a Wesleyan Methodist and supported the abolition of church rates. He was a friend of Gladstone's who made him a baronet in 1893 after helping him get the Home Rule Bill through the Commons in 1893.
Isaac's last speech, his first for many years, in the Commons was in support of death duties in 1894.
Isaac was a generous philanthropist and maintained an ascetic lifestyle and diet , inspired by Wesley himself, which preserved his health. He opened the gardens of his home, Oakworth Hall to the public while he was still living there.
He retired in 1895 and died in 1897 aged 90.
Friday, 25 April 2014
492 William Leatham
Constituency : Wakefield 1859, 1865-8, South West Riding 1880-85
William took Wakefield from the Tories. William had been the victorious candidate in 1859 but the entire election was voided and the constituency left vacant for three years, the Tories winning the eventual by-election in 1862.
William was a banker, the elder brother of Edward who represented Huddersfield. He was born into a Quaker family. He was also a poet and travel writer with published works in the 1830s. He first contested the seat as an "advanced Whig" in 1852 and again in 1857. He was john Bright's brother-in-law.
William spoke in favour of the 1866 Reform Bill and against Grosvenor's amendment. He also made long speeches in support of disestablishing the Irish Church and the abolition of university tests.
In 1883 William spoke in favour of Charles Bradlaugh's right to sit in the Commons.
William first contested South West Riding in 1874.
He died in 1889 aged 74.
488 Charles Norwood
Constituency : Hull 1865-85
Charles took the second Hull seat from the Tories.
Charles was a merchant and steam ship owner. He was president of the Hull Chamber of Commerce in 1859 and 1860 and became the first chairman of the Associated Chambers of Commerce of the UK.
Charles opposed legislation on the shipping industry saying " we require on board our large ships a barrister even more than we require a doctor. There are so many acts under which we conduct our business that it is impossible for a ship's captain to know how to act to keep within the four corners of the law". He was the lifelong enemy of Samuel Plimsoll who accused him of lying over the loss of a ship called the Livonia. Charles sued for libel but lost although Plimsoll was criticised for exaggeration.
Charles became a Liberal Unionist and contested Bradford Central in 1886 losing to George Shaw-Lefevre by around 500 votes.
In 1889 he led the employers in resistance to the Dock Strike. The Star described him as "in appearance and manners, the very embodiment of the insolence of capitalism. He is stout, well-fed and arrogant".
He died in 1891 aged 65.
Wednesday, 23 April 2014
487 Thomas Crosland
Constituency : Huddersfield 1865-8
Thomas interrupted Edward Leatham's tenure in the seat. His election caused a riot in the town.
Thomas was a Methodist woollen manufacturer though he later became an Anglican. He described himself as "a plain staraightforward Huddersfield man". He was a staunch Whig who supported Free Trade and opposed the Factory Acts. He was a subscriber to the Huddersfield Infirmary and proprietor of Huddersfield College. He was a Patron of Akroyd's Penny Bank.
Thomas voted against the Reform Bill in 1866.
He died in 1868 aged 52. Leatham reclaimed his seat at the by-election.
490 John Dundas
Constituency : Richmond 1830-5, York 1835-7, Richmond 1841-7, 1865-6
John replaced fellow Liberal Marmaduke Wyvill. He first represented the constituency aged 22.
John was the brother of the Earl of Zetland. The family had a long association with the seat.
He died in 1866 aged 57. Wyvill reclaimed the seat at the by-election.
486 Edward Akroyd
Constituency : Huddersfield 1857-9 ,Halifax 1865-74
In Yorkshire the Liberals finished with three more seats , with a net gain of one and two new seats in the West Riding where the constituency had been split but the Liberals still harvested all the seats. William Battie-Wrightson at Northallerton and the by-election victor at Whitby Harry Thompson were unseated.
Edward pushed the Whig Sir Charles Wood out to Ripon.
Edward was a textile manufacturer in the town and a typical Victorian philanthropist founding schools , churches ( he was a staunch Anglican ) and a working man's college. I know Halifax pretty well and have been inside his house which is now the Bankfield Museum. He built model housing for his workers at Boothtown and Copley. He helped found the Yorkshire Bank in the 1850s ; I had my first bank accounts with them. He was the Chairman of the Halifax Chamber of Commerce in 1865. He was MP for Huddersfield from 1857 but was defeated by Edward Leatham in 1859. He declined the opportunity to succeed Titus Salt at Bradford in 1861.
Edward opposed the Factory Act at the time but later testified to its beneficial results and called for the extension of its educational provisions to agricultural workers.
Edward was one of the Tea Room rebels in 1867.
Edward stood down in 1874 and eventually became a Conservative supporter.
Edward fell from his horse in 1880 and suffered head injuries. He had to retire to the coast and died in 1887 aged 77.
Monday, 21 April 2014
484 Edward James
Constituency : Manchester 1865-7
Edward came out second in the Manchester contest which was the usual dogfight between four Liberal candidates. He replaced James Turner who wasn't standing again. John Bright's son Jacob came third.
Edward was the son of a Manchester merchant and was educated at Oxford. He served two years in a warehouse before becoming a barrister.
Despite his background Edward was a Palmerstonian. He spoke occasionally on legal subjects and parliamentary reform and opposed giving a third seat to Manchester.
He died of typhoid in Paris in 1867 aged 60.
Saturday, 19 April 2014
483 Richard Fort
Constituency : Clitheroe 1865-8
Richard took Clitheroe from the Tories.
Richard was the son of a Manchester calico printer.
Richard was one of the Adullamites in 1866.
He died in 1868 aged 46.
Friday, 18 April 2014
485 John Platt
Constituency : Oldham 1865-72
John ousted fellow Liberal John Cobbett.
John was a manufacturer of textile machinery born in Dobcross. He was Mayor of Oldham between 1854 and 1856 and 1861-2 when his company Platt Brothers was the largest manufacturer of textile machinery in the world. He was a supporter of the Anti-Corn Law League. He had a mansion in North Wales. His younger brother James was briefly MP for Oldham in 1857 but died in a shooting accident that same year.
I first came across John in 1977 when following some town trails around Oldham when his name kept cropping up in relation to some act of philanthropy. He was an advanced Liberal who supported extension of the franchise and was relaxed about trade unions. He was one of the Tea Room Rebels in 1867. He supported the ballot.
In 1868 John beat Cobbett , now standing as a Conservative, again.
He died of typhoid in Paris in 1872 aged 55. Cobbett regained the seat at the by-election.
482 William H Gladstone
Constituency : Chester 1865-8, Whitby 1868-80, East Worcestershire 1880-85
William took Chester from the Tories.
William was the eldest son of William E. He was educated at Eton and Oxford. He was a keen musician , playing the organ and composing hymn tunes of his own. He disliked church choirs because they discouraged the participation of the congregation. He also played football and played for Scotland in the first Anglo-Scottish international in 1870.
In 1868 William became a whip in his father's first government.In 1874 William inherited the Glynne estates including Hawarden Castle on the death of his uncle. He never spoke in the House.
William suffered a stroke which left him partially paralysed and I'm guessing compelled his retirement in 1885.
It's fair to say that William never really emerged from the long shadow of his father especially as he died aged 51 of a brain tumour in 1891, a year before his father commenced his final ministry.
Thursday, 17 April 2014
481 Robert Phillips
Constituency : Bury 1857-9 ,1865-85
We now turn to the north west of England. The Liberals returned the same number of MPs with 4 gains ( including Gladstone's triumph in South Lancashire after defeat at Oxford ) and 4 losses although the Tories won both seats of the new South East Lancashire constituency , The defeated MPs were James Pilkington ( Blackburn ) , Wilfrid Lawson ( Carlisle ), Joseph Ewart ( Liverpool ) and Charles Grenfell ( Preston ) .
Robert returned to representing Bury after stepping down for Frederick Peel in 1859 because Tory electioneering was getting too personal.
Robert was the son of a Unitarian textiles merchant. His elder brother Mark had been one of the first MPs for Manchester after 1832. He was educated at Rugby and Manchester College.
Robert described himself as a moderate. He spoke in favour of the Reform Bill of 1866 saying his own position would be enhanced by representing a larger number and in favour of the Ballot Act of 1872. In 1875 he paid for Philips Hall in Bury as the local Liberal headquarters. Despite this he had little time for Gladstone and described "the whole squad of Gladstonian politicians " as " disgusting humbugs or time serving snobs". He refused a baronetcy in 1874 as his father had refused one from Lord Melbourne.
Robert's daughter Caroline married Sir George Trevelyan and her sister Margaret married another Liberal MP Edwin Price. He had estates in Warwickshire and enjoyed being a benign landlord.
He died in 1890 aged 75.
480 Sir George Trevelyan
Constituency : Tynemouth and North Shields 1865-8, Hawick Burghs 1868-86, Glasgow Bridgeton 1887-97
George took Tynemouth from the Tories.
George was the son of a baronet and prominent Peelite. He was also the nephew of the historian Lord Macaulay. He was educated at Harrow and Cambridge where he became President of the Cambridge Union Society. He became a civil servant in India for a few years from 1862.
George had to switch to the strongly radical Hawick for the 1868 election and was appointed Civil Lord of the Admiralty after his unopposed election. He resigned the post in 1870 over the Education Bill. He was a strong supporter of Cardwell's army reforms and the extension of the county franchise for which he introduced an abortive Bill in 1874. He also championed female suffrage, local government reform , Lords reform and temperance. He supported disestablishment of the church and spoke alongside Asquith at a meeting of the Society for the Liberation of Religion from State Patronage and Control in 1888.
In 1871 George published a provocative pamphlet What Does She Do With It ? questioning what the queen was doing with her civil list money now that she had withdrawn from public life. He described the amassing of a private royal fortune as "unconstitutional and most objectionable". The public had the right to be informed on the matter.
In 1880 Gladstone restored George to office as Parliamentary Secretary to the Admiralty. He succeeded the murdered Frederick Cavendish as Chief Secretary for Ireland in 1882. From 1884 to 1885 he was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. He was a strong supporter of the Third Reform Act. He was appointed Secretary for Scotland in February 1886 but resigned with Chamberlain over Home Rule the following month. He became baronet that month.
George defended his seat as a Liberal Unionist in 1886 but was defeated. In 1887 he took part in the Round Table Conference on Liberal re-unification and, being satisfied by Gladstone's concessions , he rejoined the main party. He came back in for Glasgow Bridgeton in 1887 and was again Secretary for Scotland throughout the 1892-5 Parliament.
George was also a writer. He wrote biographies of his uncle and Charles James Fox, a history of the American Revolution, an account of the Cawnpore massacre and a humorous political poem The Ladies of Parliament.
George was a substantial landowner particularly after his marriage but not an effective landlord as he knew little about farming and didn't have his father's easy charm with the tenants . He stuck at it still attending to estate business as he got old and ill.
In 1897 George decided to retire from politics and retreated into private life. In 1908 he complained to Asquith about his son Charles's omission from the government.
He died in 1928 aged 90.
Wednesday, 16 April 2014
479 Sir Joseph Cowen
Constituency : Newcastle-upon-Tyne 1865-73
Sir Joseph ejected the Whig Somerset Beaumont at Newcastle, largely through the efforts of his energetic Radical son.
Joseph was a fire brick maker and later a mine owner. He was a self-made man who retained an interest in working class welfare. He was a supporter of parliamentary reform and the Anti-Corn Law League and a leader of a group known as the Radicals of Blaydon. He accompanied Cobden to Paris in 1860 to negotiate the commercial treaty.
In Parliament Joseph was a staunch supporter of Gladstone .In 1868 Joseph defeated his Tory challenger by over 5,000 votes. He was knighted in 1872 for his work on the River Tyne Commission where he had altered the course of the river by "Cowen's Cut" to aid navigability.
The younger Joseph's activities supporting European revolutionaries caused his father some problems getting passports.
He died in 1873 aged 73.
Tuesday, 15 April 2014
478 Joseph Pease
Constituency : South Durham 1865-85, Barnard Castle 1885-1903
Joseph replaced his relative Henry at South Durham.
Joseph was the son of Joseph Pease the first Quaker MP representing the same constituency from 1832 to 1841. As a businessman Joseph had a finger in many pies, a banker, wool manufacturer, mine owner, iron master and railway magnate as chairman of the North Eastern Railway. He was the largest employer in Darlington. He was also President of the Peace Society and the Society for Suppression of the Opium Trade which had been founded by his grandfather. He opposed the death penalty.
Joseph was an entrepreneurial Liberal who denounced state intervention in property rights and contracts.
In 1882 Joseph became the first Quaker baronet. He turned down a peerage from Gladstone in 1894.
In 1886 Joseph introduced a motion to abolish the death penalty and a bill to outlaw liquor sale on a Sunday. He called for additional Cabinet deliberations to modify the Home Rule policy and advised Gladstone to withdraw the Home Rule Bill and substitute a resolution "confirming the general principles of it ". His advice was ignored but he did not desert Gladstone. In 1891 he introduced a motion condemning the opium trade as "morally indefensible" but it foundered on the question of compensation to India. In 1895 he took on Arthur Henderson as his agent.
Joseph ran into financial trouble late in life. The Pease Bank collapsed in 1902 and Joseph had to sell off most of his art collection.
He died in 1903. Henderson won the by-election for Labour.
Monday, 14 April 2014
477 Alexander Mitchell
Constituency : Berwick-upon-Tweed 1865-8
Moving onto England the position remained as you were with the Liberals sustaining a net loss of one seat. As you would expect this masked some regional variation. In the north east they did well with a net gain of 3 seats : two by-election holds, two new gains and the loss of one of the Sunderland seats where William Lindsay went down.
One of the gains was Alexander's victory at Berwick.
Alexander was a captain in the Grenadier Guards.
In 1867 Alexander spoke in favour of the effective abolition of two member constituencies to reduce corruption and cited Cobden as having been in favour of it.
Alexander was a friend of the novelist Wilkie Collins.
He died in 1873 aged 42.
Sunday, 13 April 2014
476 Sir Thomas Lloyd
Constituency : Cardiganshire 1865-8, Cardigan Boroughs 1868-74
Sir Thomas pushed aside another Liberal David Davies to take this seat from the Tories.
Thomas was educated at Harrow and Oxford. In 1840 he joined the 13th Light Dragoons and saw service in Canada. Thomas had romantic fantasies and rebuilt Bronwydd as a castle. He also restored the castle at Newport, Pembrokeshire to be the seat of his "Marcher" lordship though he never received the peerage he craved. He was created a baronet in 1863.
Sir Thomas was an Anglican but his maiden speech advocated the abolition of church rates to redress Nonconformist grievances , his constituency being overwhelmingly chapel. He also supported the disestablishment of the Irish Church.
Sir Thomas described himself as "a Whig landlord".
He died in 1877 aged 57.
Friday, 11 April 2014
475 William Bulkeley-Hughes
Constituency : Carnarvon 1837-59 (Conservative ), 1865-82
The Liberals did well in Wales too, holding onto their two by-election gains and making one new gain.
William replaced Charles Wynne-Finch.
William replaced Charles Wynne-Finch.
William was a Harrow-educated barrister who started political life as a Conservative. He was a speculator in railway shares who became very wealthy in the 1840s. He was largely responsible for the development of Llandudno as a resort. He relinquished the seat to Charles Wynne in 1859 and then won it back as a Liberal.
From 1880 to 1882 William was the oldest member in the House. He died in 1882 aged 84.
474 Joseph McKenna
Constituency : Youghal 1865-8, 1874-85 , South Monaghan ( Home Rule League )
Joseph ousted Isaac Butt at Youghal.
Joseph was a Catholic barrister educated at Trinity College. He was also chairman of the National Bank of Ireland and very wealthy. He was largely responsible for the high risk ventures and excessive salaries which almost collapsed the bank in the 1860s and was eventually sacked in 1869.
Joseph was knighted in 1867.
Joseph was in turn ousted by Christopher Weguelin in 1868 and didn't contest the by-election when the latter was ousted on petition.
Ironically Joseph became a leading ally of Butt whilst out of Parliament. He wrote pamphlets and made speeches on the over-taxation of Ireland. He moved one of the resolutions at the founding conference of the Home Rule League in 1873. He regained Youghal as a Home Ruler in 1874.
Joseph took part in the parliamentary obstruction in the 1870s but in 1880 voted for William Shaw rather than Parnell as leader. When Youghal was abolished he moved to South Monaghan. In 1890 he supported Parnell when the Irish party split.
Joseph retired at the 1892 election.
He died in 1906 aged 87.
Thursday, 10 April 2014
473 Sir James Power
Constituency : County Wexford 1835-47, 1865-68
Sir James took over from Patrick McMahon at County Wexford.
The Powers were distillers and landlords. James's father had been created a baronet by Lord Melbourne in 1841.
Sir James was an ally of Bright on franchise extension.
In 1868 Sir James passed the seat on to his son.
The Earl of Kimberley's journal notes a lunch with Jamers in 1865 and describes him as "a fussy little director of the Railway".
He died in 1877 aged 76.
Wednesday, 9 April 2014
472 Richard Devereux
Constituency : Wexford Borough 1865-72
Richard ousted John Redmond at Wexford. His uncle John was a previous MP for the seat.
Richard's family were the merchant princes of the town owning a fleet of sailing ships.
Richard resigned in 1872. The Home Rule League won the by-election.
He died in 1883.
Tuesday, 8 April 2014
471 Algernon Greville
Constituency : Westmeath 1865-74
Algernon succeeded Richard Levinge at Westmeath.
Algernon was the son of Fulke Greville, MP for County Longford. He purchased a commission as cornet and sub lieutenant in the First Regiment of Life Guards and rose to captain before retiring in 1868.
Algernon was a Groom in Waiting to Queen Victoria from 1868 to 1873 when he resigned to become a government whip. In 1869 his father became Baron Greville.
Algernon succeeded his father in 1883. He died in 1909 aged 67.
Sunday, 6 April 2014
470 Henry Barron
Constituency : Waterford City 1832-41, 1842-7, 1848-52, 1865-8, 1869-70
Henry claimed the other Waterford City seat from the Tories.
Henry was one of the few remaining MPs born in the eighteenth century. He was educated at Trinity College and his long association with the constituency began in 1832. He first lost his seat in 1841 and was created a baronet in the following year. Both MPs were unseated on petition in 1842 and Henry returned until 1847. He came back at a by-election in 1848 but was out for thirteen years after 1852.
Henry lost again in 1868, came back at a by-election in 1869 and was finally ousted on petition in 1870.
He died in 1872 aged 76.
Friday, 4 April 2014
469 John FitzPatrick
Constituency : Queen's County 1837-41, 1847-52, 1865-9
John took over from Michael Dunne in his old seat.
John was the illegitimate son of John Fitzpatrick , the Earl of Ossory and baptised with his mother's surname Wilson. He was educated at Eton and inherited some parts of his father's estates. He was first elected in 1837. In 1842 he assumed the Fitzpatrick surname by royal licence.
In 1869 John was raised to the peerage as Baron Castletown.
He died in 1883 aged 71.
Thursday, 3 April 2014
468 James Lawson
Constituency : Portarlington 1865-8
James took Portarlington from the Tories.
James was another Irish barrister educated at Trinity College. He contested Dublin University in 1857. He was a Law Adviser to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland during the Tory period 1858-9 but was then appointed Solicitor-General for Ireland in 1861 holding the post until 1865 when appointed Attorney-General. He had to deal with suppressing the Fenians and the Irish People newspaper. This didn't hinder James getting elected in 1865.
James was defeated by the Tories in 1868. He became a judge of Common Pleas that year. He transferred to the Queen's Bench in 1882. He upheld the law in a series of political trials during the Land League agitation which led to a plot to murder him involving Patrick Delaney who was later involved in the Phoenix park murders.
He died in 1887 aged 70.
Wednesday, 2 April 2014
467 Vesey Dawson
Constituency : Monaghan 1865-8
Vesey took Monaghan from the Tories.
Vesey was the son of Baron Dartrey, a Liberal whip in the Lords. He was educated at Eton and became a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Coldstream Guards.
In 1866 Baron Dartrey was made an earl.
Vesey lost in 1868 in to the Tory Sewallis Shirley who promised to maintain the Protestant constitution.
Vesey switched to the Liberal Unionists in 1886.
Vesey succeeded to the earldom in 1897
He died in 1920 aged 78.
Tuesday, 1 April 2014
466 Edward Sullivan
Constituency : Mallow 1865-70
Edward took Mallow from the Tories.
Edward was the son of a prosperous Irish merchant. He attended Trinity College where he studied classics and won prizes for oratory. In 1848 he became an Irish barrister. In 1861 he became Law Advisor to the Lord Lieutenant and in 1865 became Solicitor General for Ireland which made finding a parliamentary seat advisable.
Edward was kept in place by Russell then spent the two years of opposition concentrating on his legal career. Gladstone appointed him Attorney-General for Ireland in 1868.
In 1870 Edward became Master of the Rolls in Ireland and resigned his seat. In 1881 he was created a baronet. In 1883 he became Lord Chancellor of Ireland.
Edward was a bibliophile and linguist.
In 1885 he died suddenly aged 62.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)