Saturday, 29 June 2013
194 John Ricardo
Constituency : Stoke-on-Trent 1841-62
John was the nephew of the famous economist David Ricardo. His father was a financier. He was athletic and was planning an army career until his father's death diverted him into the business. He was first elected in 1841.He inherited a large Scottish estate through his wife. John was an active Free Trader arguing against the Corn Laws and Navigation Acts. In 1845 he bought the patent for the single needle telegraph and established the Electric Telegraph Company though in later life he proposed nationalisation of the telegraph system. He also had extensive interests in railways.
John was a lover of art and books. He suffered badly from gout in later years.
He died in 1862 aged 50. His son Charles later achieved notoriety by being the victim of an unsolved murder , his wife being the chief suspect.
193 Henry Hodgetts-Foley
Constituency : South Staffordshire 1857-68
Henry was the son of the MP for Worcestershire East ( who we'll get to shortly ) and a wealthy landowner.
Henry rarely spoke in the House.
He died in 1894 aged 65.
Friday, 28 June 2013
192 William Foster
Constituency : South Staffordshire 1857-68
William was a Staffordshire ironmaster with an estate in Shropshire. He was also a wealthy landowner in England and Ireland noted for his generosity in endowing schools and churches.
William was one of the Adullamites and voted with Disraeli on the amendment allowing compounders to "pass the fine" to landlords.
South Staffordshire was abolished in 1868 and William seems to have stood for an Irish seat instead losing out to a Catholic by 49 votes. He suffered a stroke shortly afterwards and became progressively an invalid for the rest of his life. Latterly he became insane, cursing and groaning from a darkened room in the house.
He died in 1899 aged 85. His funeral attracted well wishers from all over the county. The Shrewsbury Chronicle said that he was "recognised as a great benefactor and a true English gentleman". His son William was also an MP. His daughter married the son of the Irish Tory MP Crofton Vandeleur.
Thursday, 27 June 2013
191 John Wise
Constituency : Stafford 1852-60
John was a Staffordshire landowner.
John spoke out against food adulteration in 1860 pointing out that the poor didn't "have the same power to protect themselves ... as their richer neighbours ; they are necessarily limited to such means of purchase as are afforded by the immediate locality in which they reside".
He died in 1865 aged 55.
Wednesday, 26 June 2013
190 George Tomline
Constituency : Sudbury 1840-1, Shrewsbury 1841-7 (Tory) 1852-68, Great Grimsby 1868-74
George was a wealthy landowner educated at Cambridge who started out as a Tory in the pocket borough of Sudbury where he was elected unopposed in 1840. He was noted for strength and athleticism. He went with the Peelites despite sharing the representation of Shrewsbury with Disraeli whom he intensely disliked after some ungentlemanly behaviour during their victory parade in 1841. Peel commented "The best of my young men were Tomline and Gladstone". He was defeated in 1847 but got back in in 1852 having overtaken Robert Slaney in the favour of the local party. He was the founding chairman of the Felixstowe Railway and Pier Company and developed the Port of Felixstowe. He was generally known as "Colonel" Tomline although this only referred to an honorary position in the militia.
George did not speak in the House until 1871 and then only on obtuse legal points. Cowling describes him as a rural backbencher of no particular opinion. He was not teetotal himself but loathed drunkenness
George was a keen astronomer and built Orwell Park Observatory. He was also a keen bibliophile and art collector
In 1874 George switched to Suffolk East but was easily defeated. He then switched to Harwich in 1880 and lost narrowly. His last failed attempt at returning to Parliament was the North Lincolnshire by-election of 1881.
His health deteriorated after a stroke in 1888 and he died the following year aged 76. Unusually for the time, his will stipulated that he be cremated.
Tuesday, 25 June 2013
189 Robert Slaney
Constituency : Shrewsbury 1826-35, 1837-41, 1847-52, 1857-62
Robert was a Cambridge-educated barrister and wealthy landowner who began his long but intermittent career as MP for Shrewsbury in 1826 after publishing his own reflections on the plight of the poor, his unsurprising solutions being political economy and free trade. He was prominent in bringing forward for poor law reform in the early years of Grey's government.He was defeated by the Conservatives in 1835 but got back in two years later. In 1841 he stood down and the seat was won by one Benjamin Disraeli. He came back to win it again in 1847 and again stood down in 1852 to make way for the Peelite George Tomline whom the local party favoured. He began his final stint in 1857.
Robert was known as a Radical , full of schemes for practical improvement such as drainage and model cottages. In 1843, having offered his services "independent of party ", Peel appointed him unpaid commissioner on health in towns. In 1850 The Times mocked him as "a political hypochondriac". Robert was against restrictions on popular recreation such as fairs; it was "wise and benevolent to provide, in regulated amusement for the many, safety valves for their eager energies" . He was also interested in savings schemes and freeing up capital for investment. In 1852 he secured the passing of the Industrial and Provident Societies Act which freed friendly societies from unlimited liability and gave a great spur to the growth of the cooperative movement. He visited Italy a few months before his death and reported to the House on the optimism for the future under unification he found there.
Richard was skilled at shooting and cricket and also rode his own horses in races.
He died in 1862, from complications arising from a minor fall at the opening of the International Exhibition, aged 70.
Monday, 24 June 2013
188 Sir Gilbert Heathcote
Constituency : Boston 1852-6 , Rutland 1856-67
Gilbert was the son of a wealthy baronet who had been a previous MP for Boston. He was educated at Harrow and Cambridge. He switched to Rutland in 1856 to succeed his father who had been created Baron Aveland. He never spoke in the Commons.
Gilbert was a regular but inactive Adullamite who had voted for Derby's reform bill in 1859.
In 1867 Gilbert succeeded his father as Baron Aveland. The seat was captured by the Conservatives in the by-election and never recovered. In 1871 he became Deputy Lord Great Chamberlain and held the post for 30 years. In 1872 he acquired by royal licence the additional surnames Willoughby and Drummond from his mother. On her death in 1888 he also became Baron Willoughby de Estreby and in 1892 moved up the hierarchy by being created Earl of Ancaster , a revived title also from his mother's side.
He died in 1910 aged 80 having seen his son Claud elected as a Conservative earlier in the year.
Saturday, 22 June 2013
187 Robert Pelham-Clinton
Constituency : North Nottinghamshire 1852-65
Robert was a younger brother of the Duke of Newcastle who controlled the seat so Robert never had to face a contest. He was educated at Oxford. He followed the example of his brother in becoming a Peelite free trader in 1846 against their right wing father and third brother Charles who remained a Conservative.
Robert was a backbencher who never spoke in the House.
Robert stood down in 1865.
He died in 1867 aged only 46.
186 Sir Evelyn Denison
Constituency : Newcastle-under-Lyme 1823-6 , Hastings 1826-30 (Tory), Nottinghamshire 1831-2, South Nottinghamshire 1832-7, Malton 1841-57, North Nottinghamshire 1857-72
Sir Evelyn seems to be counted in the Liberal totals for 1859 in most sources although he was actually Commons Speaker at the time and for the rest of his parliamentary career.
Evelyn was the son of an MP wealthy through the woollen cloth industry and a considerable landowner. Evelyn was educated at Eton and Oxford and elected as a Tory at 23 in 1823. He made his maiden speech resisting Russell's plans for parliamentary reform in 1826.He voluntarily switched to Hastings in 1826 then briefly held junior office at the admiralty under Canning and Goderich the following year. After Canning's death he attached himself to Huskisson and became an opponent of Wellington's administration. This meant relinquishing Hastings in 1830 and failing to get back in at Newcastle where a spoiling candidate targeted him. He tried to succeed Huskisson at Liverpool but was defeated by William Ewart. He was returned for both Nottinghamshire and Liverpool in 1831 but chose the former. He lost again in 1837 and returned for Malton four years later. He switched to North Nottinghamshire in 1857 and straight after was elected Speaker.
Having to step away from normal party issues Evelyn gave his attention to a project for an accessible commentary on the Bible for the ordinary reader. It was finally produced as The Bible Commentary but , due to Evelyn's involvement, became popularly known as "The Speaker's Commentary".
Due to failing health Evelyn stood down in 1872 and was created Viscount Ossington. He died the following year aged 73.
Friday, 21 June 2013
185 Charles Paget
Constituency : Nottingham 1856-65
Charles came from an established Leicester. He was a devoted Unitarian. He had interests in hosiery and banking as well as land. He had a reputation as a model landlord and benevolent employer. He was a passionate supporter of education and required children on his estate to attend school on alternate days He was a strong free trader and presided at Anti-Corn Law League meetings although he was a Whig rather than a Radical. He came into Parliament in 1856 when his predecessor became Lord Belper.
Charles did not speak in the House. He favoured extending the franchise, secret ballots and comprehensive education. He was defeated by fellow Liberal Samuel Morley in 1865 after a stormy campaign.
After his defeat Charles worked locally for educational improvement. His daughter Caroline married the son of his fellow Nottingham MP John Mellor.
He and his wife were killed in a freak drowning accident at Filey in 1873, their bodies never being recovered. He was 74.
Thursday, 20 June 2013
184 John Mellor
Constituency : Great Yarmouth 1857-9, Nottingham 1859-61
John was a Unitarian barrister born in Oldham but raised in Leicester where his father became mayor. He was educated at Oxford. He stood for Warwick unsuccessfully in 1852 and got in for Great Yarmouth in 1857 after having been beaten at Coventry where he tried to unseat Joseph Paxton on a spurious charge that he was pro-Russian.
John switched to Nottingham in 1859 but resigned after two years due to his appointment to the Queen's Bench. During his short tenure he spoke frequently on legal and religious matters.
As a judge John was said to amuse juries with his dry humour. His most famous case was the Tichborne Affair , an imposture case.
He retired in 1879 and died eight years later at the age of 78.
Wednesday, 19 June 2013
183 Sir William Jackson
Constituency : Newcastle-under-Lyme 1847-65 , North Derbyshire 1865-8
Sir William was a Cheshire doctor's son who started his working life at 12 in an ironmonger's in Birkenhead. He progressed to buy up the shop and make his fortune in Africa trading palm oil. He played a big part in the development of Birkenhead docks and the town generally , helped by an advantageous marriage. He invited Joseph Paxton to the town to design a park and they remained good friends thereafter. His business interests diversified into coal, newspapers, shipping and particularly railways. He became another candidate for richest commoner in the country.
In Parliament William was a moderate Liberal who supported parliamentary reform and free trade. In May 1858 he seconded a motion at a meeting of centrist Liberals calling for the next Liberal ministry to be drawn from a wider basis than Palmerston's previous government.
William held Newcastle-under-Lyme until 1865 when he switched to North Derbyshire. He got in unopposed but was defeated in 1868. In 1869 he declined a peerage but accepted a baronetcy,
He died in 1876 aged 70.
Tuesday, 18 June 2013
182 Augustus Anson
Constituency : Lichfield 1859-68, Bewdley 1869-74
Augustus was the brother of the Earl of Lichfield. He was a captain in the 84th Regiment of Foot and saw action at Sebastopol. In 1857 he took part in suppressing the Indian Mutiny and won the Victoria Cross for two separate acts of dashing bravery during which he was slightly wounded. He also saw service in China in 1860. He rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He was a director of the Land and Sea Telegraph Company.
Augustus was elected for the family borough in 1859. He was a right wing Whig who joined the Adullamite faction in 1866. In 1867 Derby offered him office as Treasurer of the Household but he refused. That same year he clashed with Bright who had called for lenient treatment for Fenian prisoners and impugned the Army's actions in India. As Lichfield was reduced to a single member in 1868 he switched to Bewdley but was not successful there until a by-election in 1869 where the Conservative victor was subsequently disqualified. He retired in 1874.
He died in Cannes in 1877 aged 42.
Monday, 17 June 2013
181 Lord Alfred Paget
Constituency : Lichfield 1837-65
Alfred was the son of the Marquess of Anglesey, a typical backbench Whig. He was educated at Westminster. He was a lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards and rose to general in the 7th Hussars. He was Chief Equerry and Clerk Marshal to the Queen throughout every non-Tory administration ( and the Derby/Disraeli government 1866-8 ) from 1846 to 1874. He was a director of the North Staffordshire Railway Company from 1854 to 1875.
Alfred was defeated by the Conservatives in 1865.
He died in 1888 aged 72.
180 John Biggs
Constituency : Leicester 1856-62
John was a Unitarian hosiery manufacturer. He was Mayor of Leicester three times between 1840 and 1855. His brother William had been an MP for the Isle of Wight but resigned when John entered Parliament in 1856. John founded the Leicester Political Union in 1830. He was a supporter of parliamentary reform looking unsuccessfully to promote his own moderate Charter in place of the Six Points . He also supported the Anti-Corn Law League. After the Chartists' day had passed John sought to channel working class dissent into the Liberal party on a platform of manhood suffrage and church disestablishment. From 1847 he was locked in a long battle for control of Leicester's electoral machine seeking to advance radical candidates where previously a Whig/Radical slate had been the norm. His opponents called him a "Dictator" and "Red Republican" at the head of "a Chartist clique". His mouthpiece was the Leicester Mercury.
John was a radical and philanthropist. He was respected as a model employer who had voluntarily abolished frame-rents in the firm when the issue came before Parliament in 1853.
John came forward in 1856 to force a moderate Whig from standing at a by-election and was elected unopposed.John was not a great success in the House where his "homely style" was patronised and he stopped speaking after his first year.
John suffered a big political setback when the Tories captured the seat after Joseph Noble's death in 1861. The Liberals had to reunite and John realised he would have to surrender much of his power. A United Liberal Registration Society was formed.
The brothers' preoccupation with politics seems to have cost them in business and the American Civil War was another big blow. In 1862 they had to sell the firm and their mansions . John resigned his seat and withdrew from public life, living in a terraced house near the prison.
He died in 1871 aged 61. A statue was soon erected by public subscription.
179 Joseph Noble
Constituency : Leicester 1859-61
Joseph was a vicar's son who went to Cambridge. He became a doctor. He was active in municipal politics and resigned as mayor of Leicester just prior to his election in 1859. He belonged to, or was at least accepted by, the radical faction in the Leicester Liberal party.
He died of cholera , ironically while on a recuperation voyage, in Malaga, Spain in 1861 at the age of 63.
Friday, 14 June 2013
178 Alfred Bristow
Constituency : Kidderminster 1859-62
Alfred was the son of a linen draper from Greenwich who became a solicitor.
Alfred resigned his seat in 1862 possibly necessitated by his becoming solicitor to the Admiralty which post he held till his death.
He died in 1875 aged 59.
Thursday, 13 June 2013
177 Humphrey Mildmay
Constituency : Herefordshire 1859-65
Humphrey was the son of a merchant banker who was Conservative MP for Southampton in the 1840s. He married the daughter of Alexander Baring and so Humphrey in due course became a partner in Baring's.
He died in 1866 - according to Lord Lyttelton who married his widow Sybella he "died raving mad after some dreadful months for her and every one else" - at the age of 40 leaving £300,000 as his estate.
Wednesday, 12 June 2013
176 Henry Morgan-Clifford
Constituency : Hereford 1847-65
Henry was a lieutenant-colonel whose family were local landowners. He was born in Ireland and first elected in 1847.
Henry was elected unopposed in 1857 and 1859 but was defeated in 1865. He tried to get back in at Monmouthshire in 1868 but his challenge was easily beaten off. He only spoke once in the House , on a military matter in 1855
Henry wrote an autobiography ( up to 1863 ) which was published by his widow .
He died in 1884 aged 79.
Tuesday, 11 June 2013
175 George Clive
Constituency : Hereford 1857-69, 1874-80
George was a member of the Clive family headed by the Earl of Powis and distantly related to Clive of India. He was educated at Harrow and Oxford and became a barrister.
He was first elected for Hereford in 1857. In a strange series of events he was unseated on petition in 1869 and the byelection was won by his son Edward. The latter resigned the seat in 1871 and it was taken by the Conservatives. George then re-took it in 1874.
George was Under-secretary of state at the Home Office between 1859 and 1862.
He died in 1880 aged 74.
Monday, 10 June 2013
174 Edward Holland
Constituency : East Worcestershire 1835-7, Evesham 1855-68
Edward was born in Trieste and was educated at Eton and Cambridge. He became a barrister. He was Charles Darwin's second cousin and President of the Rotal Agricultural Society.
He died in 1875 aged 68.
Sunday, 9 June 2013
173 Francis Foljambe
Constituency : East Retford 1857-85
Francis was a considerable landowner and the grandson of the Tory prime minister Lord Liverpool. His brother Cecil was also a Liberal MP. He was educated at Eton and Oxford.
Francis was first elected at the age of 27 despite calling himself "an old Whig" in his election address.
Francis was a keen cricketer and Master of a hunt in Nottinghamshire.
He died in 1917 aged 86.
Friday, 7 June 2013
172 Henry Sheridan
Constituency : Dudley 1857-86
Henry was the grandson of Regency playwright Richard Sheridan. He was educated in Brighton and became a barrister. He was a Catholic.
Henry was first elected in 1857. His election in 1874 was contested by petition but he won the subsequent by-election. He was a frequent speaker in the House on a variety of matters.
He was defeated by the Conservatives in 1886.
He died in 1906 aged 84.
171 Thomas Evans
Constituency : Derbyshire South 1857-68, 1874-85
Thomas ( often known as William ) was a wealthy industrialist with interests in lead mining, iron, cotton and banking. The family also owned the estate of Allestree Hall. Thomas was educated at Cambridge. He was another local philanthropist who built a school and church at Parwich.
Thomas was first elected in 1857. He surprisingly lost the seat in 1868 then won it back, again against the trend, in 1874. He spoke against religious tests for the universities in 1866.
Thomas was created a baronet in 1887. In 1889 he chaired the first meeting of Derbyshire County Council.
He died in 1892 aged 71.
Thursday, 6 June 2013
170 William Thornhill
Constituency : Derbyshire North 1853-65
William came from a long line of Derbyshire landowners. He was a local philanthropist who built a parish church, reading rooms and a viewing platform for the village of Stanton-in-the-Peak.
William first entered Parliament at a by-election in 1853. He was a strong champion of parliamentary reform and built the Earl Grey Tower to commemorate the Act of 1832. He stood down in 1865.
He died in 1876 aged 68.
Tuesday, 4 June 2013
169 Lord George Cavendish
Constituency : North Derbyshire 1834-80
George was a brother of the Duke of Devonshire , inheriting his seat in 1834 when the latter became Earl of Burlington.
For all his long service George remained a backbench Whig who made little mark in politics.
He died in 1880 aged 70.
168 Samuel Beale
Constituency : Derby 1857-65
Samuel was a glass , iron and lead merchant from Birmingham who went on to found the Midland Bank in 1836. In 1841 he was Mayor of Birmingham. In 1844 he became chairman of the Midland Railway.
Samuel was elected in 1857. He was defeated by the Conservatives in 1865.
He died in 1874 aged 71.
Monday, 3 June 2013
167 Michael Bass
Constituency : Derby 1848-83
Michael was a scion of the great brewing family. He was educated at grammar school in Nottingham and went into the family business. He controlled the company from 1827 and expanded it to become the biggest brewery in Britain. As an officer for the Derbyshire Yeomanry Cavalry he helped put down a pro-Reform riot in 1831.
Michael entered Parliament in 1848. He was a regular attendee but an infrequent speaker. He was a major philanthropist and gave Derby a library, museum , art school, baths and recreation ground.
Michael was a moderate Liberal; Cobden claimed that he let himself be "used " by Palmerston. He was very suspicious of democracy though he supported the Second Reform Act and commissioned Leone Levi's inquiry into wage levels in 1866. Unusually for a major employer he was supportive of the trade union movement . In 1870 he supported the railwaymen's agitation for higher wages and helped finance the new Associated Society of Railway Servants Union after an investigative piece that he had commissioned.
Michael was actively involved in a campaign to abolish imprisonment for small debts, a facility being misused by the Scottish draper trade. In 1872 he introduced an Imprisonment for Debt Abolition Bill but it did not succeed. He did get a select committee on the subject where he badgered the hostile witnesses. He tried another bill in 1874. The whole campaign involved praising the superiority of Scottish law on this question and a very sexist emphasis on female vulnerability to overspending.
Michael was also involved in a campaign against street music and in 1864 successfully introduced the Better Regulation of Street Music in the Metropolis Act. It was thought to be a public nuisance distracting middle class home workers. He was supported by Charles Dickens whose letter he published in a campaign book. Michael also wrote that the organ grinders were all Italian and "persons of very bad character and most immoral habits".
Michael was a lukewarm supporter of the South in the American Civil War wanting "two American nations as being less powerful than one". For obvious reasons he was not a supporter of the temperance movement.
Michael declined a peerage from Gladstone when he resigned his seat in 1883.
He died a year later aged 84.
Sunday, 2 June 2013
166 Sir Joseph Paxton
Constituency : Coventry 1854-65
I had no idea that this guy was a politician in addition to his other talents. Joseph was a farmer's son from Bedfordshire who started out as a garden boy. He went on to the Royal Horticultural Society where his work caught the eye of the Duke of Devonshire and he became Head Gardener at Chatsworth. His relationship with the Duke was as much a friendship as master/servant and they did much travelling together while Joseph's wife Sarah managed the estate. After redeveloping the gardens he progressed to designing experimental greenhouses. He was also developing a career in railway speculation and was a director of the Midland Railway. It was while in London on their business that he heard of the problems surrounding the design of a building for the Great Exhibition of 1851 and came up with his masterpiece, the Crystal Palace. He was knighted as a result. He went on to design country houses such as Mentmore Towers for Baron de Rothschild. He never acquired formal qualifications as either an architect or civil engineer.
He was invited by the local Liberals to contest Coventry at a by-election in 1854 after designing the municipal cemetery there. He had previously rejected an offer from Nottingham. Although unopposed he took his duties very seriously and called on a huge number of voters. In 1855 he presented a visionary redevelopment scheme for Central London called the Great Victorian Way to the select committee on metropolitan communications but it was never adopted. In 1857 Joseph was faced with a rival Liberal because he had voted against Palmerston in the China debate and he was smeared as pro-Russian because he had accepted a Russian honour in the 1840s but he withstood the challenge and he and Ellice were unopposed in 1859.
Joseph came under pressure in the early 1860s because Cobden's Anglo-French treaty was unfavourable to the city's silk industry and Joseph was accused of not doing enough to protect it. He was also noted for his strong opposition to an 1861 motion calling for increased regulation for rail passenger's safety which left him open to the charge of letting personal interest influence his policy
Over -work and over-indulgence caused Joseph's health to decline and he had already announced he was stepping down at the next election when he died of heart and liver failure in 1865 at the age of 61. The Conservatives took the seat in the by-election as a result of Cobden's treaty.
Saturday, 1 June 2013
165 Edward Ellice
Constituency : Coventry 1818-26, 1830-63
We've already discussed his son of the same name but in 1859 Edward was still representing Coventry in his seventies. He was born in London and educated at Winchester and Aberdeen but in 1803 was sent over to Canada to build the family fur trade. He later became known as "The Bear" for this though he was also very tall and rugged. He energetically developed his business interests there and was always interested in the relationship between Britain and Canada. In 1809 he married the sister of the future Whig Prime Minister Lord Grey. He was first elected as a radical for the very expensive seat of Coventry in 1818 but defeated in 1826 partly due to bad press over a loan to the Greeks to build a navy which he championed but did not bring the desired result. He returned in 1830 and was appointed chief whip and patronage secretary by his brother-in-law. He attracted another nickname "Mr Jobbery" and he actually advised Grey against making any more family apointments. Edward brought typical energy to the job building registration associations and the Whig triumph in the 1831 owed a lot to his work. He was also a strong advocate for the 1832 Reform Act after the passing of which he resigned his office.. He was also a great gossip and an intriguer behind the scenes often on the behalf of his friend Lord Durham. In 1833 he was made secretary at war. He was partly responsible for the Cabinet resignations in 1834 when Russell and Stanley fell out. He stepped down when Melbourne resigned in 1834 and never accepted Cabinet office again (nor a peerage )although he remained politically active. He had a large part in the founding of the Reform Club in 1836. He opposed the corn laws but was in favour of protection for the silk industry. He often used his contacts in Canada and France to conduct private diplomacy usually with a pro-French stance much to the irritation of Palmerston although Edward solidly backed him as Prime Minister sharing his opposition to further parliamentary reform.
Edward was socially popular and though no intellectual, had a good understanding of political issues.
Edward was helpful in effecting the Palmerston-Russell reconciliation of 1858-9. Mindful of his business interests he was studiously neutral in the American Civil War which he had long foreseen.
He died in 1863 of heart failure aged 79. The Tories won the by-election due to the collapse of the silk industry which was blamed on the Cobden Treaty with France.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)