Friday, 25 January 2013
33 Francis Charteris (aka Lord Elcho)
Constituency : East Gloucestershire 1841-7 (Tory), Haddingtonshire 1847-83
Francis had an extraordinarily long political career entering Parliament at the beginning of Peel's great ministry and still speaking in the Lords on the eve of World War One. He was the son of the Earl of Wemyss and a descendant of the notorious rake of Charles II's day.
Francis began political life as a Tory but sided with Peel over the Repeal of the Corn Laws and had to relinquish his seat in 1847. He retreated to the family seat of Haddingtonshire and was elected as a Peelite. In 1851 he spoke against the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill which he saw as impractical and violating the sacred principle of religious liberty. He also opposed tests for Scottish universities as uniting all non-Anglicans against the Church. In 1852 he became a junior Lord of the Treasury under Aberdeen and became Lord Elcho when his father became Earl of Wemyss in 1853. He joined with the rest of the Peelites in withdrawing from Palmerston's government and that ended his ministerial career.
This was partly due to his opposition to parliamentary reform, speaking out against the motion of Russell's in 1859 which brought down Derby's government. He also opposed the Palmerston-Gladstone line on Italy. With little respect for either of Palmerston's successors Francis became a leader of the Adullamite faction which often met at his house. Cowling describes him as " a man of booming, crude, unsubtle energy ". He seems to have had hopes of establishing an Adullamite - Conservative coalition but Disraeli's own reform plans ended that. Francis reluctantly supported the 1867 Bill as preferable to the alternatives on offer. In 1867 he carried a bill to change breaches of employment contract from criminal offences to civil ones. While most of the Adullamites were reconciled with Gladstone Francis remained estranged and gravitated back towards the Conservatives although he doesn't seem to have made a formal break and sat as a cross-bencher when he went to the Lords.
In 1881 Francis founded the Liberty and Property Defence League in response to the Irish Land Act's interference with contractual freedom. It attracted support from landowners, industrialists opposed to trade union legislation and philosophical individualists. He saw himself as a classical liberal in the tradition of Smith, Mill and Cobden. He was nevertheless a benevolent landowner.
In 1883 he became Earl of Wemyss and went to the Lords passing his seat to his son who stood as an out and out Conservative. The rest of his career was spent trying to defeat any collectivist legislation. He was a fierce opponent of Chamberlain and his doctrine of "ransom" citing Bentham in his attack on him. He led the resistance to temperance reform as affecting personal liberty. He also saw off the first Access to Mountains Bill. The LPDL was always meant to be cross-party and Francis opposed some of the measures of Lord Salisbury's government.
Francis survived into the twentieth century and saw his cause go into decline though the LPDL survived him by nearly 20 years. He finally died aged 96 in 1914 a longevity he ascribed to his interest in and practice of homeopathy. His son Hugo was a Conservative MP.
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