Thursday, 31 January 2013
40. Daniel O'Donoghue
Constituency : Tipperary 1857-65, Tralee 1865-74, 1874-85 (Home Rule)
Daniel was the head of an old Irish clan purporting to go back to the Dark Ages and therefore entitled to be known as "The O'Donoghue of the Glens" ( he is referred to in Hansard as The O'Donoghue" ). They were staunch Catholics.
Daniel was the son-in-law of wealthy landowner Sir John Ennis and inherited his estates. He was also the nephew of Daniel O'Connell and acquired the nickname "The Young Liberator". In the 1860s he was regarded as almost a Fenian for his strong nationalist views and made a reputation as a compelling orator. However in 1871 he recanted and backed the Union. He was bitterly denounced, accused of taking bribes from the Liberal whips and of being seduced by London society.
Daniel was a strong supporter of the Reform League and backed Mill's amendment to the 1867 Reform Act on women's suffrage.
In 1865 when a vacancy occurred in Tralee he decided that seat would suit him better and he switched seats in the by-election. He initially denounced Home Rule as "a useless and mischievous agitation" but in 1874 he was forced to change colours after a rough reception in the constituency the previous autumn ( when he was suspected of testing the waters for a by-election consequent on joining the government ) and was re-elected as a Home Rule supporter.
Wednesday, 30 January 2013
39 John Bagwell
Constituency : Clonmel 1857-74
John is the first of the Irish Liberals to discuss. The Bagwells were a wealthy and influential family living at Marlfield House in the constituency. John's uncle William had been a previous ( Tory) MP for the constituency. He was a magistrate.
Mindful that the Irish members were a necessary part of the Liberal majority, Palmerston made John a junior Lord of the Treasury in 1859 but this was terminated in 1862. In 1862 Bagwell lamented that the police in Ireland had become too militarised to be of any use as a civil force. In 1863 he protested at the exclusion of Ireland from the Volunteers system insisting that the majority of Irishmen were loyal subjects.
The seat was lost to the Home Rule League in 1874.
John died in 1883 aged 72. His son Richard was a noted historian and grandson John was an original senator of the Irish Free State.
Tuesday, 29 January 2013
38 Andrew Agnew
Constituency : Wigtownshire 1856-68
Andrew was the eldest son of a baronet , inheriting the title in 1849. He went to Harrow then joined the army. He fought in the Canadian rebellions of 1848 and rose to the rank of captain. He became Deputy Lieutenant of Wigtownshire in 1843 then Vice Lord Lieutenant in 1852.
Andrew wrote The Agnews of Lochnaw published in 1864
He entered Parliament in a by-election in 1856. In 1868 he was defeated by the Conservatives who held the seat thereafter until it was abolished in 1918.
That concludes the Scottish Liberals of 1859; we now move on to the Irish.
Monday, 28 January 2013
37 James Mackie
Constituency : Kirkcudbright 1857-67
James's brief political career has been eclipsed by a longstanding controversy over his potential claim to have invented the game of rugby. His running forward with the ball in the 1838-39 season is well-attested and caused a stir at the time ; the earlier claim of William Webb Ellis was not seriously advanced until 1895 and was based on third hand evidence but unfortunately for James has endured.
James became MP for Kirkcudbright at the age of 36 but did not make his mark in Parliament being better known in his locality for his affable nature and pursuit of country sports.
He died unexpectedly at the age of 46.
Sunday, 27 January 2013
36 Sir William Dunbar
Constituency : Wigtown Burghs 1857-65
Sir William was trained in the law but apparently never practised.
William appears to have been a finance expert. He was made a Lord of the Treasury in 1859 then Keeper of the Privy Seal to the Prince of Wales. He spoke against proposed changes to the way Scotland was governed through the Lord Advocate.
He left Parliament in 1865 to take up the post of Commissioner for Auditng Public Accounts and was subsequently Comptroller and Auditor General from 1867 to 1888.
He died in 1888 aged 77.
35 Sir William Scott
Constituency : Carlisle 1829-30 ( Tory ) , Roxburghshire 1859-70
William was the son of a Scottish baronet , educated at Sandhurst and became a lieutenant in the 2nd Life Guards.
William decided to enter Parliament as a Canningite Tory and got in at Carlisle at the second attempt ( both by-elections ) in 1829 spending approximately £30,000. However once he had voted for Catholic Emancipation the local Lowthers disowned him. He tried to stand for Roxburghshire in 1830 but the Buccleughs wouldn't have him then he lost out at the rotten borough of Tregony which also hit his pocket.
Over the next couple of years William moved over to the Whigs and chaired the election committees for Roxburghshire from 1832, actually declining the nomination in 1837. In 1859 he was finally elected unopposed as a supporter of Gladstone. In 1868 he defeated Lord Schomberg to retain the seat. He resigned through ill health in 1870.
He died a year later aged 68.
William was the son of a Scottish baronet , educated at Sandhurst and became a lieutenant in the 2nd Life Guards.
William decided to enter Parliament as a Canningite Tory and got in at Carlisle at the second attempt ( both by-elections ) in 1829 spending approximately £30,000. However once he had voted for Catholic Emancipation the local Lowthers disowned him. He tried to stand for Roxburghshire in 1830 but the Buccleughs wouldn't have him then he lost out at the rotten borough of Tregony which also hit his pocket.
Over the next couple of years William moved over to the Whigs and chaired the election committees for Roxburghshire from 1832, actually declining the nomination in 1837. In 1859 he was finally elected unopposed as a supporter of Gladstone. In 1868 he defeated Lord Schomberg to retain the seat. He resigned through ill health in 1870.
He died a year later aged 68.
Saturday, 26 January 2013
34 David Robinson
Constituency : Berwickshire 1859-73
David was originally David Marjoribanks, son of the Lord Provost of Edinburgh but changed his surname to his wife's on order to have a claim on her property. He was a stockbroker by profession.
He was elected for Berwickshire which had been briefly represented by his brother Charles in the 1830s. He had narrowly missed out in 1857 in the first contested election for over 25 years.Over the next two years he was adopted by the nonconformist fishermen of Eyemouth who were fighting the Tory laird over tithes and swept him to victory in 1859. He became Lord Lieutenant of the county in 1860.
In 1873 he may well have set an unwelcome record. He was created Baron Marjoribanks of Ladykirk but a few days later he was knocked down by a cab in Newcastle and died aged 76. As his sons had predeceased him the title became extinct.
Friday, 25 January 2013
33 Francis Charteris (aka Lord Elcho)
Constituency : East Gloucestershire 1841-7 (Tory), Haddingtonshire 1847-83
Francis had an extraordinarily long political career entering Parliament at the beginning of Peel's great ministry and still speaking in the Lords on the eve of World War One. He was the son of the Earl of Wemyss and a descendant of the notorious rake of Charles II's day.
Francis began political life as a Tory but sided with Peel over the Repeal of the Corn Laws and had to relinquish his seat in 1847. He retreated to the family seat of Haddingtonshire and was elected as a Peelite. In 1851 he spoke against the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill which he saw as impractical and violating the sacred principle of religious liberty. He also opposed tests for Scottish universities as uniting all non-Anglicans against the Church. In 1852 he became a junior Lord of the Treasury under Aberdeen and became Lord Elcho when his father became Earl of Wemyss in 1853. He joined with the rest of the Peelites in withdrawing from Palmerston's government and that ended his ministerial career.
This was partly due to his opposition to parliamentary reform, speaking out against the motion of Russell's in 1859 which brought down Derby's government. He also opposed the Palmerston-Gladstone line on Italy. With little respect for either of Palmerston's successors Francis became a leader of the Adullamite faction which often met at his house. Cowling describes him as " a man of booming, crude, unsubtle energy ". He seems to have had hopes of establishing an Adullamite - Conservative coalition but Disraeli's own reform plans ended that. Francis reluctantly supported the 1867 Bill as preferable to the alternatives on offer. In 1867 he carried a bill to change breaches of employment contract from criminal offences to civil ones. While most of the Adullamites were reconciled with Gladstone Francis remained estranged and gravitated back towards the Conservatives although he doesn't seem to have made a formal break and sat as a cross-bencher when he went to the Lords.
In 1881 Francis founded the Liberty and Property Defence League in response to the Irish Land Act's interference with contractual freedom. It attracted support from landowners, industrialists opposed to trade union legislation and philosophical individualists. He saw himself as a classical liberal in the tradition of Smith, Mill and Cobden. He was nevertheless a benevolent landowner.
In 1883 he became Earl of Wemyss and went to the Lords passing his seat to his son who stood as an out and out Conservative. The rest of his career was spent trying to defeat any collectivist legislation. He was a fierce opponent of Chamberlain and his doctrine of "ransom" citing Bentham in his attack on him. He led the resistance to temperance reform as affecting personal liberty. He also saw off the first Access to Mountains Bill. The LPDL was always meant to be cross-party and Francis opposed some of the measures of Lord Salisbury's government.
Francis survived into the twentieth century and saw his cause go into decline though the LPDL survived him by nearly 20 years. He finally died aged 96 in 1914 a longevity he ascribed to his interest in and practice of homeopathy. His son Hugo was a Conservative MP.
Thursday, 24 January 2013
32 Henry Ferguson Davie
Constituency : Haddington Burghs 1847-78
Henry was the son of Whig MP Robert Ferguson and added his wife's surname by Royal licence in 1847.
Henry was something of a part-time MP combining his duties with an army career. He became Colonel of the 73rd ( Perthshire ) Regiment of Foot in 1865. The regiment became The Black Watch Battalion in 1881.
Henry's son John joined him in the Commons as MP for Barnstaple in 1859.
He died in 1885 aged 88.
Wednesday, 23 January 2013
31 William Ewart
Constituency : Bletchingley 1828-30, Liverpool 1830-7, Wigan 1839-41, Dumfries Burghs 1841-68
William's Parliamentary career spanned 40 years ( albeit with a brief gap ) and he provides the textbook example of a zealous advanced Liberal in the pre-Gladstonian age.
William was a Liverpudlian barrister educated at Oxford where he won the Newdigate prize for English verse. His father was Gladstone's godfather hence the similarity in name. He came into Parliament for the pocket borough of Bletchingley in 1828 when William Lamb became Lord Melbourne but switched to Liverpool in 1830 rather than represent a borough that the Whigs intended to abolish.He was narrowly defeated in 1837 but returned two years later for Wigan where he stood as a Radical. He was ousted in the Tory victory of 1841 but found a permanent seat at Dumfries Burghs.
William devoted his career to worthy causes. In 1834 he carried a bill to abolish hanging in chains. In 1837 he managed to remove the death penalty for cattle rustling and other offences. In 1850 he carried a bill to establish rate-supported public libraries in the face of Conservative opposition to supporting a service used by the working classes and had to accept many restrictive caveats. In 1864 he was instrumental in an act to legalise the use of metric weights and measures and he pressed Palmerston to introduce decimalisation. The same year he sat on a Royal Commission to consider capital punishment as a convinced opponent ( his bill to abolish it altogether had been heavily defeated in 1840 ). He also campaigned for education audits and equality of opportunity in the civil service and army.
William maintained his early interest in literature and was a great friend of the novelist Elizabeth Gaskell.
He died of pneumonia a year after leaving Parliament at the age of 71. He lived in Devizes ( often finding work on his estate for hard-pressed locals ) and there is a memorial window to him in the parish church. Gladstone paid tribute describing him as "upon more than one subject a pioneer...doing the rough introductory work in his country's interest...upon subjects which at that time very few had begun to appreciate".
30 James Moncreiff
Constituency : Leith Burghs 1851-9 , Edinburgh 1859-68, Glasgow & Aberdeen Universities 1868-9
James was a judge's son and became an even more prominent lawyer himself. He helped to found the Free Church of Scotland. He was a moderate Whig reformist.
He became Solicitor-General for Scotland in 1850 then became Lord Advocate which necessitated finding a seat in Parliament. Leith Burghs was regarded as being in the pocket of the lord advocates. He held the post in the administrations of Aberdeen, Palmerston and Russell and the first year of Gladstone's ministry.He succeeded in abolishing almost all religious tests in Scottish universities in 1853 but his attempt to introduce a national, less sectarian system of elementary education in Scotland was defeated in 1854. James pursued this aim for the rest of his parliamentary career with limited success.
James was a good speaker with a powerful voice so he was used as a defender of the government at times such as defending Palmerston over the fall of Kars in 1856. He resisted moves to create a Scottish secretary to handle non-legal Scottish administration.
He was forced to relinquish Leith Burghs by a Radical faction in 1859 and moved to Edinburgh. There he came under pressure due to his lack of enthusiasm for Reform and failure in 1860 to fully remove public financial support for Anglican ministers. In 1865 his colleague Adam Black was ousted by the more Radical Duncan McLaren ( with whom James had clashed in a libel action in 1856 ) ; James took the hint and retreated to the newly created Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities seat.
James was highly respected and, although no Radical himself , was critical of those Liberals who reneged on promises of supporting Reform, holding that Liberals must have consistent political principles.
In 1869 he became Lord Justice Clerk ( in layman's terms a criminal judge ) which necessitated relinquishing his seat ( which was promptly lost to the Conservatives who held it until its abolition in 1918 ).
In 1871 he published the novel A Visit To My Discontented Cousin anonymously.
James practiced as a judge until 1888.He became a baron twice over being created Baron Moncreiff of Tulliebole in 1873 and then inheriting his brother's title of Baronet of Moncreiff in 1874.
He died in 1895 aged 83.
James was a judge's son and became an even more prominent lawyer himself. He helped to found the Free Church of Scotland. He was a moderate Whig reformist.
He became Solicitor-General for Scotland in 1850 then became Lord Advocate which necessitated finding a seat in Parliament. Leith Burghs was regarded as being in the pocket of the lord advocates. He held the post in the administrations of Aberdeen, Palmerston and Russell and the first year of Gladstone's ministry.He succeeded in abolishing almost all religious tests in Scottish universities in 1853 but his attempt to introduce a national, less sectarian system of elementary education in Scotland was defeated in 1854. James pursued this aim for the rest of his parliamentary career with limited success.
James was a good speaker with a powerful voice so he was used as a defender of the government at times such as defending Palmerston over the fall of Kars in 1856. He resisted moves to create a Scottish secretary to handle non-legal Scottish administration.
He was forced to relinquish Leith Burghs by a Radical faction in 1859 and moved to Edinburgh. There he came under pressure due to his lack of enthusiasm for Reform and failure in 1860 to fully remove public financial support for Anglican ministers. In 1865 his colleague Adam Black was ousted by the more Radical Duncan McLaren ( with whom James had clashed in a libel action in 1856 ) ; James took the hint and retreated to the newly created Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities seat.
James was highly respected and, although no Radical himself , was critical of those Liberals who reneged on promises of supporting Reform, holding that Liberals must have consistent political principles.
In 1869 he became Lord Justice Clerk ( in layman's terms a criminal judge ) which necessitated relinquishing his seat ( which was promptly lost to the Conservatives who held it until its abolition in 1918 ).
In 1871 he published the novel A Visit To My Discontented Cousin anonymously.
James practiced as a judge until 1888.He became a baron twice over being created Baron Moncreiff of Tulliebole in 1873 and then inheriting his brother's title of Baronet of Moncreiff in 1874.
He died in 1895 aged 83.
Tuesday, 22 January 2013
29 Adam Black
Constituency : Edinburgh 1856-65
Adam is better known as the co-founder of Blacks' publishing firm responsible for Who's Who and Whittaker's Almanack amongst other titles. He had relatively humble origins being the son of a builder and he served as a bookseller's apprentice before setting up in business himself. He was Lord Provost of Edinburgh twice.
Adam was one of two MPs for Edinburgh, first being elected at a by-election in 1856 at the rather advanced age of 72.
Adam was defeated in 1865 by a rival from a more Radical faction Duncan McLaren although his colleague James Moncreiff may have been the real target. He retired voluntarily from an active business role in the same year.
Adam died in 1874 aged 89.
28 Sir William Miller
Constituency : Leith Burghs 1859-68, Berwickshire 1873-4
Sir William was of merchant stock with the family firm doing a lot of business with Russia. From 1852-4 he was a British Vice-Consul there.
He retired in 1868 but returned briefly to Parliament in a by-election in 1873. On his second retirement he was created a baronet of Manderston, Berwickshire.
He died in 1887 aged 76.
Monday, 21 January 2013
27 James Merry
Constituency : Falkirk Burghs 1859-74
James was a coal and iron master , a partner in the second largest coal company in Scotland. He used his vast fortune to purchse landed estates in Scotland. He did not have a reputation as an enlightened employer. He stood for Glasgow in 1857 but lost. He was then elected for Falkirk but unseated on petition for alleged corrupt practices.
James's primary interest was horse racing and in 1873 his horses won the Derby Oaks and St Leger.
He died in 1877.
26 James Caird
Constituency : Dartmouth 1857-9, Stirling Burghs 1859-65
James was a Scotsman and graduate of Edinburgh University but he originally entered Parliament as representative for Dartmouth. In 1859 he switched to a Scottish seat.
James was an expert on agriculture and wrote the tract British Agriculture 1850-1.
After leaving Parliament in 1865 he was President of the Royal Statistical Society 1880-2 and director of the land department of the Board of Agriculture 1889-91.
He died in 1892 aged 76.
25 Edward Ellice
Constituency : Huddersfield 1837, St Andrews Burghs 1837-80
Edward was the son of Edward "Bear" Ellice, brother-in-law of Lord Grey and a member of his administration as Secretary at War. In 1832 he was appointed private secretary to Lord Durham and accompanied him to Russia.
Edward stood for Inverness Burghs in 1835 but was defeated. He came into Parliament for Huddersfield at a by-election just before the 1837 General Election. Elected in two places then he opted for St Andrews Burghs beginning an unbroken 43 year tenure.
As Edward's father was a fierce opponent of Palmerston Edward had little hope of advancement during his ascendancy in the party and remained a backbencher. When Russell replaced Palmerston in 1865 Edward joined the Adullamite faction. Perhaps to get him out of the Commons, Gladstone offered him a peerage in 1869 but he turned it down.
Sunday, 20 January 2013
24 James Wemyss
Constituency : Fife 1859-64
James was the sixth and last Wemyss to hold the seat. He was married to a descendant of William IV and they had five children.
Saturday, 19 January 2013
23 Robert Dalglish
Constituency : Glasgow 1857-74
Robert was Glasgow's second MP in 1859 and his sitting with Walter Buchanan looks like one of those Whig-Radical tickets common in this period.
Robert was the head of a calico firm and proud to declare himself a Radical. He was not a great supporter of Palmerston saying in 1858 he would only support him as Prime Minister again with "certain pledges and measures" guaranteed. He was an enthusiastic backer of parliamentary reform ( although The Times noted the moderation of his speeches in 1860 ) and the secret ballot. He was keen to secure redistribution and for that reason Disraeli was able to win his support for the Second Reform Act. He was a big admirer of Wellington and largely responsible for the statue of the duke in Glasgow. He was known as a great host at his home in Bearsden.
According to Vanity Fair, in 1873 Robert was one of the most popular MP's in Parliament.
He died in 1880.
22 Walter Buchanan
Constituency : Glasgow 1857-65
Walter was one of two represenatives for the old burgh constituency of Glasgow. He was a merchant trading in the Baltic and India and lived at Shandon House in the city.
Walter was a keen supporter of the Reform Movement and Catholic emancipation and was first elected in a by-election in 1857. By this time he was seen as a moderate Whig. He voted against the Conspiracy to Murder Bill saying it was "an act of poltroonery, of national degradation" but hadn't wanted to overthrow Palmerston and wanted to play his part in "rearing up again a strong ... Liberal party."
The Times reported that in 1860 the speeches of Walter and his fellow Glasgow MP Robert Dalglish on that year's Reform Bill "touch the extreme limit of moderation and conservatism".
Walter had to quit Parliament in 1865 due to financial diffculties which led to the sale of Shandon House.
He died in 1883 aged 86.
Friday, 18 January 2013
21 Walter Ferrier Hamilton
Constituency : Linlithgowshire 1859-65
I haven't found out very much about this one term MP.
Walter was born in 1818 and died in 1872. He was an army captain and landowner.
I haven't found out very much about this one term MP.
Walter was born in 1818 and died in 1872. He was an army captain and landowner.
Thursday, 17 January 2013
20 Sir John Ogilvy
Constituency : Dundee 1857-74
Sir John was the 9th Baronet of Inverquharity.
He was a local notable rather than a national figure, a philanthropist who set up an institution for mentally disabled children in Dundee and then granted it to the city and chaired several public boards.
He retired at the 1874 election and died in 1890 at the age of 87. He then had the dubious honour of being celebrated in a poem by the city's infamously bad poet William McGonagall.
Wednesday, 16 January 2013
19 Adam Haldane-Duncan
Constituency : Southampton 1837-41, Bath 1841-52, Forfarshire 1854-9
Adam only just falls into our time frame. He was the grandson of naval hero Admiral Duncan, his father's title of Earl Camperdown commemorating the relevant battle. His switch from Southampton to Bath was voluntary but he lost in 1852 and returned to Parliament via a by-election two years later.
He served as a junior Lord of the Treasury throughout Palmerston's first government. His father died soon after his re-election in 1859 and he became the 2nd Earl Camperdown.
He died aged 54 in 1867.
Tuesday, 15 January 2013
18 William Adam
William is the first MP in our survey who actually began his Parliamentary career in 1859.
He was from the family of famous architects although his own father was an admiral. He trained as a barrister but served as private secretary to his second cousin Lord Elphinstone , Governor of Bombay from 1853-58.
Palmerston made him Lord of the Treasury shortly before his death and he held the post until the fall of Russell's government the following year. He regained the position under Gladstone until 1873 when the latter made him First Commissioner of Works and shortly afterwards added Paymaster-General to his responsibilities.
William became Liberal Chief Whip in opposition. He had reservations about Gladstone and wanted Hartington to become Prime Minister in 1880. Nevertheless he resumed as First Commissioner of Works when Gladstone returned to power. In November that year he was made Governor of Madras and died in India six months later aged 57.
Monday, 14 January 2013
17 Alexander Dunlop
Constituency : Greenock 1852 -1868
Alexander was a Radical of merchant stock.
He was a lawyer and acted as legal adviser to the United Free Chutch of Scotland, drawing up the Claim of Right in 1842.
In 1861 he took up the cause of the family of Sir Alexander Burnes who had been killed in Afghanistan twenty years earlier. They published his report showing that his advice on which side to back had been ignored by Melbourne's government and then not disclosed to the Commons. Alexander brought in a motion of censure , essentially an attack on his own Prime Minister who had been Foreign Sec at the time but it was ill-judged and even Disraeli spoke against it.
Alexander proposed the bill abolishing marriages at Gretna Green.
Alexander was disgusted with the Adullamites claiming that some Liberal MPs were as hostile to reform as the Tories.
Sunday, 13 January 2013
16 Humphrey Crum-Ewing
Humphry had an unlikely background for a Liberal MP coming from a family which had previously owned slaves in the West Indies. He inherited Strathleven House from his uncle but never lived there because his uncle's widow had a right to reside there until death and she was younger than Humphry.
He did not speak in the House very often but once referred to Chinese coolie labour on his estates being more productive than slaves in Cuba.
He was susceptible to the blandishments of Disraeli and backed the Second Reform Act in return for promises on Scottish redistribution. In 1873 he became Lord Lieutenant of Dunbartonshire.
Humphry retired at the 1874 election. In 1886 he became a Liberal Unionist.
He died in 1887 at the age of 85.
Saturday, 12 January 2013
15 . Edward Pleydell-Bouverie
Constituency : Kilmarnock Burghs 1844-74
Edward was the brother of the Earl of Radnor. As a sworn enemy of Gladstone he hasn't had a great press from historians.
Edward was a Whig barrister and first got involved in politics as a speechwriter for Palmerston. He joined Russell's government in its last days as under-secretary of state at the Home Office. Palmerston made him a privy councillor , paymaster-general and vice-president of the Board of Trade in 1855 but later that year switched him to President of the Poor Law Board which he held until 1858.
Thereafter Edward actively sought office but never achieved it. Palmerston occupied him with some church administrative posts on returning to power in 1859 but he joined the Adullamite faction in 1866 as a response to George Goschen's elevation to the Cabinet. He was publicly scolded by Mill for his opposition to parliamentary reform. In the 1868 General Election he was opposed by Edwin Chadwick who had been invited to stand as an advanced Liberal by burghers dissatisfied with Edward's Whiggish recalcitrance. Mill supported his candidature but Edward easily beat them off. He was a constant thorn in Gladstone's side particularly over the Irish University bill.
He retired in 1874 and devoted himself to business interests becoming chairman of the Corporation of Foreign Bondholders and director of the Great Western Railway. He died in 1889.
Wednesday, 9 January 2013
14. Edward Craufurd
Constituency : Ayr Burghs 1852-74
Edward was a Radical barrister.
Edward was a frequent speaker in Parliament often on legal matters. He spoke for increased parliamentary represetation for Scotland and improved safety regulations in the mines. He was active in the debates on Scottish representation arising from the Second Reform Act. He spoke against dogmatic teaching on the rates and for strong powers of compulsion.
He died in 1881.
Tuesday, 8 January 2013
13 Alexander Struthers Finlay
Constituency : Argyllshire 1857-68
Alexander was the son of Kirkman Finlay, an MP for Glasgow in the early nineteenth century and proprietor of James Finlay & Co. The company began in the cotton trade , had association with the Gladstones and considerable interests in India and China. Alexander was a partner in the firm Ritchie Stuart & Co set up to advance their interests in Bombay and effectively became the company's principal agent there.
He spoke in the House on a variety of issues.
He died in 1886.
Monday, 7 January 2013
12. Arthur Kinnaird
Constituency : Perth 1837-9, 1852 -78
Arthur was a younger son of Lord Kinnard. The Kinnairds were a staunch Whig family and his father was close friends with Cobden and Bright.
Arthur was briefly MP for Perth in the 1830s then for 26 years from 1852. He was active in encouraging Gladstone's return from retirement in 1876. He relinquished his seat on becoming Lord Kinnaird in 1878.
He lived until 1887. His son Arthur was the David Beckham of his day starring in a number of the early FA Cup Finals for Wanderers and Old Etonians.
Sunday, 6 January 2013
11 William Baxter
Constituency : Montrose Burghs 1855-85
William was a large landowner from Dundee and a partner in the family textiles business. His father had been a leading opponent of the Corn Laws and there was a tradition of philanthropy in the family. He seconded a motion at the 1858 meeting of mainstream Liberals supporting a cautious policy of "improvement of our institutions". He was not hostile to Palmerston referring to the opposition period of 1858-9 as "seats of penitence.. until ... they had time ... to make up their minds to be liberal in deeds as well as in words".
Gladstone promoted him to the frontbench in his first ministry. William was Secretary to the Admiralty from 1868-71 then Financial Secretary to the Treasury from 1871-73. He had to defend the Queen and the Civil List at a public meeting in Arbroath in 1871. He was made a Privy Councillor in 1873 but dropped from the government and he didn't return to office in 1880. He was chairman for a day of the 1883 Co-Operative Congress.
He retired in 1885 but let it be known he supported the Liberal Unionist cause the following year. His son George was an active Unionist challenging Winston Churchill in the 1908 Dundee by-election and becoming President of the Scottish Unionist Association in 1920.
William was a noted travel writer. In America And the Americans (1855) he observed that American presidential victors tended to be the ones with the fewst enemies rather than the most talented. He was appalled by the nature of presidential campaigns but praised America's " honest and substantial citizens".
William died in 1890 after a long illness.
Saturday, 5 January 2013
10. William Henry Sykes
Constituency : Aberdeen 1857-72
William was a colourful character. He was a Yorkshireman who signed up with the army in India as a young man and saw considerable action. While a serving officer he pursued his twin interests of statistics and natural history ( he discovered a number of new bird species ) and also built up a personal fortune, the origins of which remain obscure.He retired from active service in 1833 with the rank of colonel but remained in public life as a Royal Commissioner in Lunacy, a post he held for ten years. In 1840 he became a director of the East Indian Company.
Sykes was described as having a "rather seedy...swarthy cadaverous look". He had advanced views on social reform and supported licensing reform, Irish Church diestablishment and female suffrage. The Scottish Reform League endorsed his candidature in 1868
He first contested Aberdeen in 1847 after being invited up there by a civic faction including some Conservatives but was not successful against another liberal . Sykes had retained an interest in the city by becoming a rector at the university and contested it again in 1857 defeating another liberal with 56% of the vote and thereafter he was unopposed in elections.
In 1835 he was a founder member of the Royal Statistical Society and rose to become its President in 1863 the first non-aristocrat to hold the position. In 1863 Palmerston commissioned him to examine the relative costs of the British and French armies. William's studies disclosed the uncomfortable truth that the British soldier was twice as costly to maintain.
He died a sitting MP aged 82 in 1872.
Friday, 4 January 2013
9 George Hamilton-Gordon (Lord Haddo)
Constituency : Aberdeenshire 1854 - 1860
George was the son of the Peelite Prime Minister, the Earl of Aberdeen . He was educated at Cambridge and came into Parliament during his father's term of office when his uncle stepped down for Aberdeenshire in 1854 . He won the seat despite being absent in Egypt seeking recovery from what was probably tuberculosis. He was officially titled Lord Haddo.
George made his maiden speech in favour of the secret ballot. He spoke in defence of his father's government against Roebuck's motion in 1855.He defended his relative Colonel Gordon in debate on The Crimean War. His last contribution to the Commons was a not very liberal resolution proposing to outlaw public money to schools of art which used nude models. It was suggested during the debate that he had not got his facts right and Palmerston himself spoke against it. It was easily defeated.
He relinquished his seat in 1860 when his father died and he became the 5th earl of Aberdeen. The Conservatives took the seat in the by-election. He returned to Egypt where he occupied himself with trying to convert the Copts to Evangelical Protestantism. He returned to Scotland to die in Haddo House in 1864 at the age of 47 not , as we shall see , the last Prime Minister's son to die prematurely.
Thursday, 3 January 2013
8. Lachlan Gordon-Duff
Constituency : Banffshire 1857-61
Lachlan is a rather obscure MP who only held his seat for four years before resigning at the age of forty-four.
He was a major landowner in the constituency and a major. He inherited Drummuir Castle from a cousin in 1858.
He does not appear to have spoken in the House.
He died in 1892
Lachlan is a rather obscure MP who only held his seat for four years before resigning at the age of forty-four.
He was a major landowner in the constituency and a major. He inherited Drummuir Castle from a cousin in 1858.
He does not appear to have spoken in the House.
He died in 1892
Tuesday, 1 January 2013
7. Mountstuart Duff
Constituency : Elgin Burghs 1857-81
Mountstuart is the first MP in our survey to survive into the twentieth century. His father was an administrator in India and also a historian of the subcontinent. He inherited a Scottish estate through his wife. He studied at Balliol where a problem with his eyesight developed that was to dog him all his life. He practised as a barrister before going into politics . He was 28 when first elected.
Despite not being an accomplished speaker he sought to politically educate his electors with annual addresses which were later published. The Times obituary described him as "a staunch and thoroughgoing Cobdenite". It also suggested that he was sometimes just a bit too philosophical to be a really effective politician.His main interests in politics were education and foreign policy making frequent trips abroad to keep himself informed. This expertise brought him to the notice of Gladstone who made him Under-Secretary of State for India in 1868. He was a loyal deputy to the Duke of Argyll and accepted responsibility for the so-called Kuka massacre. When Gladstone returned to power in 1880 he was made a Privy Councillor and Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies. A year later he resigned his seat on becoming Governor of Madras.
Mountstuart held the position for five years. His performance satisfied the government but not the local Indians. He was deemed to be out of his depth, lethargic and not in full control of his permanent officials. Gladstone tried to make him a peer at the end of his tenure but failed.
Mountstuart did not attempt to re-enter Parliament on his return, partly because he was strongly opposed to Gladstone's Home Rule policy, devoting the rest of his life to scholarly pursuits. He had long organised a Breakfast Club for political and intellectual discussion.He did however act as chair of the Liberty and Property Defence League aimed at resisting socialist tendencies in the Liberal Party. He was President of the Royal Geographical Society from 1889 to 1892 and then of the Royal Historical Society to 1899. He was a great curator with an anxiety to preserve things he'd heard with the strictest accuracy. He published some well-received diaries and other works on India and politics. He was the grandfather of the author and journalist Sheila Ann Duff.
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