Tuesday, 31 July 2018
1983 James Hodge
Constituency : Preston 1922-24
James ejected the Tory incumbent from Preston where a Liberal Labour agreement still held. He came second behind his Labour running mate Tom Shaw.
James was the son of a miner, originally from Scotland but now based in Chester. He was educated at Chester Cathedral Choir School and became an accountant. He then changed his mind and became a barrister. He joined up in World War One and served in the Army Pay Department. He became an Inspector of Pay Offices with the rank of lieutenant-colonel and served in France, Salonika and Egypt.
James held his seat in 1923. He voted in support of the Labour government in the crucial Campbell debate. He was narrowly defeated by one of the Unionist candidates in 1924.
James announced his retirement from politics in 1927 citing ill health.
James was interested in sculling, golf and theology.
He died in 1946 aged 67.
Monday, 30 July 2018
1982 Edward Grigg
Constituency : Oldham 1922-25, Altrincham 1933-45 ( Conservative )
Edward took over from William Barton for the Lloyd George Liberals at Oldham. He topped the poll despite two Asquithians being in the field.
Edward was the son of a civil servant in India. He was educated at Winchester and Oxford. He became a journalist for The Times. He later moved to co-edit the Round Table Journal. He joined up in 1914 and distinguished himself in the war, winning the DSO and Military Cross and rising to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He served as military secretary to Prince Edward on his world tour of 1919-20. He then became Lloyd George's private secretary.
In 1925 Edward resigned his seat to become governor of Kenya. He was a reforming governor but didn't believe the native population was ready for government. In 1930 he returned to England , declining Indian governorships due to his wife's poor health. In 1931 he joined the Liberal Nationals but soon moved over to the Conservatives and returned to the Commons in a by-election at Altrincham in 1933. Although Edward recognised the threat from Germany and urged strong defence in two books, he did not publicly challenge the appeasement policy. He held a number of junior posts in Churchill's government.
Edward stood down in 1945 and became Baron Altrincham. In 1948 he became editor of the National Review. He resigned for health reasons in 1954.
He died in 1955 aged 76.
Sunday, 29 July 2018
1981 James Burnie
Constituency : Bootle 1922-24
James pulled off another surprise for the Asquithians with a convincing victory in a seat the Liberals had only internittently contested.
James was the son of a local businessman. He was educated at Merchant Taylor's School, Crosby. He entered his father's firm of cold store insulators. He joined up in 1914 and rose to the rank of Major. He won the Military Cross in 1918.
James held on by 453 votes in 1923 when Labour decided to contest the seat. In 1924 he defied the party whip to vote in favour of constructing 5 new naval cruisers. In the election that year he dropped to third place.
James stood again in 1935, only just saving his deposit. He became Mayor of Bootle in 1936. He planned to stand in Chester but his last contest was at Crosby in 1950 where he again came third.
He died in 1975 aged 93.
Saturday, 28 July 2018
1980 Abraham England
Constituency : Heywood and Radcliffe 1922-31 ( stood as a Constitutionalist in 1924 )
Abraham recaptured Heywood and Radcliffe for the National Liberals after a by-election defeat to Labour in 1921. Abraham had narrowly failed to hold the seat at the by-election due to the intervention of an Asquithian candidate. The 1922 contest was two-cornered and he won comfortably.
Abraham was born at Barrowford and was a businessman in Manchester. He joined the army and served in Gallipoli , Egypt, France and Belgium, obtaining the D.S.O. and reaching the rank of colonel.
Abraham was a Tory in all but name, assiduously courting the Unionist vote and usually voting with them in Parliament. After his return in 1923, he voted against putting Labour into office in defiance of the party whip.
In 1924 , Abraham held on more comfortably as a Constitutionalist but stayed with the Liberals. He got back in without Tory opposition in 1929. In 1931 he sided with Simon but the local Tories were determined to field their own candidate at the election and Abraham reluctantly stood down.
Abraham became a founder member of the National Liberal Council and in 1934, president of the Manchester Reform Club.
He died in 1949 aged 81.
Friday, 27 July 2018
1979 Levi Collison
Constituency : Penrith and Cockermouth 1922-23
Levi took Penrith and Cockermouth for the Asquithians in a straight fight with the Tories. He had failed by just 30 votes to take it in a 1921 by-election caused by the resignation of the Speaker.
Levi was born in Preston. He was educated privately and ran a printing and publishing firm. He had a country estate north of Preston.He also had other business interests such as banking.
Levi's maiden speech called for the cancellation of war reparations to boost trade.
Levi was narrowly defeated in 1923. He remained active as chairman of the Preston Liberal Association but switched to the Liberal Nationals in 1932.
He died in 1965 aged 90.
Thursday, 26 July 2018
1978 Graham White
Constituency : Birkenhead East 1922-24, 1929-45
Graham produced another excellent result for the Asquithians, coming from third place in 1918 to take the seat from the Unionist though he was helped by Labour's withdrawal.
Graham was educated at Birkenhead School and Liverpool University. He became a member of Birkenhead Town Council in 1917. Graham was prepared to support Lloyd George in 1918 but the Conservative received the coupon.
Graham was a firm internationalist and served on the Executive Committee of the League of Nations Union.
Graham increased his majority in 1923 but Labour's intervention cost him the seat in 1924. He managed to recapture it in 1929 in a close three-cornered contest.
In 1930, Graham was a member of the Indian Round Table Conference. When the National Government was formed in 1931 he became Assistant Postmaster-General. The Tories did not field a candidate against him in the election and he had a crushing victory. Graham followed Samuel in quitting the National Government and going into opposition. He easily held on in 1935 when the Tories re-entered the fray.
Graham declined to be the Liberal whip in 1935. He served on parliamentary committees on rent, national expenditure, naval welfare and broadcasting. In 1945 he visited Buchenwald concentration camp.
In 1945 Graham was defeated by Labour. He came third in the new Bebington seat in 1950. He was President of the Liberal Party in 1954-55. He continued to serve on a number of public bodies.
He died in 1965 aged 84.
Wednesday, 25 July 2018
1977 Edward Harney
Constituency : South Shields 1922-29
Edward unseated the National Liberal, Havelock Wilson, at South Shields, pushing him into third place and just edging it over Labour by 25 votes.
Edward was the son of a Catholic landowner from Waterford. He was educated at St Vincent's College and became a barrister. He went to Australia in 1892 and practised there. He was a Senator for Western Australia from 1901 to 1904 sitting for the Free Trade Party. He returned to England in 1906.
Edward's maiden speech in 1922 condemned the reparations policy.
With Wilson out of the way, Edward's victories in 1923 and 1924 were very comfortable; he did particularly well to lose just 1.4 % in 1924 given the catastrophic national result.
He died in 1929 just before the election. He was 63. His son was later a Conservative councillor.
Saturday, 21 July 2018
1976 William Jowitt
Constituency : Hartlepool 1922-24, Preston 1929, 1929-31 , Ashton-under-Lyne 1939-45 ( Labour* )
William recaptured Hartlepool which had been won by the Tories in 1918 despite the Liberal candidate holding the coupon. He won by 567 votes.
William was a rector's son from Stevenage. He was educated at Northaw Place, where he first met Clement Attlee, and Oxford. He became a barrister. He was quiet and suave rather than aggressive in manner. He was a Quaker.
William was on the radical wing of the party but not a great speaker.
In 1923 William managed to hold his seat by 145 votes despite Labour's intervention. He voted with Labour on the Campbell case. He was defeated in 1924.
William switched to Preston, a two-member seat where an old-fashioned Liberal-Labour partnership still operated. He regained second place behind Labour's Tom Shaw in 1929.
William was then offered the post of Attorney-General by Ramsay McDonald who was short of lawyers. He agreed to join Labour and caused a by-election to ratify his change of allegiance although it should be noted that the Liberals did not run a candidate against him. He was knighted on taking the job. He oversaw the reversal of the Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act of 1927.
William followed McDonald into the National Government believing the welfare cuts were necessary. He was expelled from the Labour Party. The Preston Tories would not stand down for him in 1931 so he went to the Combined English Universities seat standing as National Labour. He came third. He was forced to step down as Attorney-General in 1932.
When McDonald stepped down in 1935, William started campaigning for Labour and was eventually re-admitted in 1936. He opposed appeasement and called for the re-creation of the Ministry of Munitions to fight facism. He was elected unopposed at a by-election in Ashton-under-Lyne in 1939.
Churchill appointed him Solicitor-General in 1940.He joined the Cabinet in sinecure posts. in 1944 he became Minister for National Insurance.
William was re-elected in 1945 but immediately created Baron Jowitt and elevated to Lord Chancellor by Attlee. He helped arrange the Nuremburg trials and signed up to the United Nations. He was upgraded to a viscount in 1947. He took over as Labour's leader in the Lords when Addison died in 1951 and was upgraded to an earl. He spoke out against abuses in suppressing the Mau Mau Rebellion in Kenya in 1955, shortly before retiring.
William published two books on espionage and was working on a legal dictionary when he died in 1957 aged 72.
* briefly National Labour in 1931
Friday, 20 July 2018
1975 Hilton Philipson
Constituency : Berwick-upon-Tweed 1922-23
It's quite hard to work out what was going on at Berwick. In 1918 the Asquithian Francis Blake had held the seat easily against an independent with no coupon issued. When he stood down the local party selected the former Cabinet minister Walter Runciman to succeed him. Hilton stood as a National Liberal but was strongly supported by local Tories including the diehard Duke of Northumberland.
Despite an emphatic majority, Hilton's victory was challenged on the grounds he had exceeded expenditure limits and he was unseated on petition. His wife Mabel stood in his place but as a Conservative. Labour also entered the fray and she had an easy victory over a different Liberal candidate.
Hilton himself switched to the Tories but was unsuccessful at Wansbeck in 1923 and Gateshead in 1924.
Hilton was a businessman. He also served in World War One as a captain .He hit financial difficulties in the late twenties.
He died in 1941 aged 48.
Thursday, 19 July 2018
1974 Gwilym Lloyd George
Constituency : Pembrokeshire 1922-24, 1929-50, Newcastle upon Tyne North 1951-57 ( as National Liberal and Conservative )
Gwilym succeeded his father's supporter Evan Jones at Pembrokeshire having an easy victory in a straight fight with Labour.
Gwilym was Lloyd George's second son. He was educated at Eastbourne College and Cambridge. He joined the Royal Welsh Fusiliers in 1914 and became aide-de-camp to Major General Phillips in 1915. There were suggestions that Lloyd George was using his influence to keep him out of harm's way but he rose to the rank of Major and was mentioned in dispatches.
Gwilym's maiden speech called for investment in electricity supply.
Gwilym had a much narrower victory in 1923 when the Conservatives entered the fray and they unseated him in 1924. He bounced back in 1929.
Gwilym was very briefly Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade in 1931 until his father withdrew support from the National Government..
Gwilym held the seat comfortably as an independent Liberal in 1931 when Labour withdrew. His margin of victory was much tighter in a three cornered contest in 1935.
Gwilym was initially intending to serve again in World War Two but Chamberlain surprisingly appointed him parliamentary secretary to the Board of Trade. He was the only Liberal to accept office under Chamberlain. Churchill appointed him parliamentary secretary to the Ministry of Food in 1940 then he became Minister of Fuel and Power in 1942.
Gwilym always allied with his father but after his death became detatched from the party and concluded an alliance with the local Conservatives. He held on by just 168 votes in 1945 thanks to the Tories withdrawing. In 1946, the Liberal whip was withdrawn from him. the In 1950 he was defeated under the banner National Liberal and Conservative by 129 votes.
In 1951 Gwilym was able to stand under the same banner at Newcastle upon Tyne North in succession to a Tory although some local Tories didn't like it and stood their own candidate. Nevertheless Gwilym won with over 50% of the vote. Churchill appointed him Minister of Food. In 1954 he was promoted to Home Secretary and Minister for Welsh Affairs.
Gwilym's tenure at the Home Office is chiefly remembered for his declining to commute the death sentence on Ruth Ellis.
Gwilym retired when McMillan took over in 1957 and wanted Rab Butler in the post. Gwilym was elevated to the peerage as Viscount Tenby and joked that it should have been "Stepaside " instead. He held some public appointments during his last decade,
Gwilym was highly regarded in his own right as a straightforward and hard working minister with a good sense of humour. Baldwin waspishly commented "I like Gwilym; he takes after his mother".
He died in 1967 aged 72.
Wednesday, 18 July 2018
1973 John Davies
Constituency : Denbigh 1922-23
John retained David Davies' seat at Denbigh seeing off a Unionist and an Asquithian who got less than 10%.
John was educated at Llanrwst Grammar School and London University, He became a barrister but actually spent most of his career in education. He was head teacher at Holywell Secondary School then Director of Education for Denbighshire. He held positions at the University of Wales. He was a Denbighshire county councillor.
John decided to step down in 1923.
John was displeased by one of his successors Henry Morris-Jones joining the Liberal Nationals and agreed to be nominated to oppose him in 1935. He became the first Liberal to directly challenge a Liberal National incumbent but finished 5,000 votes behind him with Labour coming third.
He died in 1952 aged 83.
Tuesday, 17 July 2018
1972 William Jenkins
Constituency : Brecon and Radnor 1922-24
William took over from the veteran Sidney Robinson for the Lloyd George Liberals. His only opponent was the former Liberal MP Edward John for Labour. He won with a 10,000+ majority.
William was born in Swansea and started work as an office boy at the Swansea docks, gaining knowledge of the coal and shipping trades. He started his own firm of wholesale coke and coal factors and shipbrokers. He prospered during World War One. He was President of Swansea Chamber of Trade.
William never spoke in Parliament.
William was unopposed in 1923. He voted with the Conservatives on the King's Speech in 1924 . He came second to the Conservatives in a tight three-cornered contest in 1924.
Swansea was elected to Swansea Borough Council in 1927 and served until 1954. He was Mayor from 1947 to 1949.
William attempted a comeback in 1936 standing for the Liberal Nationals at a by-election in Llanelly but not making much of an impression.
William was knighted in 1938. He was involved in charity work for the deaf and dumb.
He died in 1968 aged 90.
Monday, 16 July 2018
1971 Thomas Henderson
Constituency : Roxburgh & Selkirk 1922-23
Thomas held the seat vacated by the Scottish Secretary Robert Munro against a fierce challenge by an Asquithian Liberal.
Thomas was a hosiery manufacturer from Hawick and a town councillor there. He was President of the South of Scotland Chamber of Commerce.
Thomas never spoke in Parliament.
In 1923 Thomas faced Labour and Conservative opponents and came second to the latter who was elected with just 43% of the vote.
Thomas was a Presbyterian who supported the reunion of the Free and United Churches.
He died in 1951 aged 77.
Sunday, 15 July 2018
1970 Cecil Dudgeon
Constituency : Galloway 1922-24, 1929-31, 1931 ( New Party )
Cecil took over from Gilbert McMicking at Galloway defeating a Unionist in a straight fight. Cecil refused to align himself with either Liberal camp and took both whips in Parliament.
Cecil joined the army and reached the rank of Major.
Cecil was unopposed in 1923 but defeated by a Unionist in 1924. He failed to recapture it in a by-election in 1925 due to Labour's intervention. He succeeded in 1929 by 101 votes.
Cecil supported a relaxation of the laws on observing the Sabbath in 1931.
In the turmoil of 1931, Cecil decided to join Oswald Mosley's New Party. He said the Liberals had ceased to be an "effective force in British politics" and that tariffs were now necessary. He stood again in Galloway receiving a derisory 3 % of the vote.
Cecil became a civil servant and was Chief Food Officer for Scotland in 1950. He received the CBE in 1951.
He died in 1970 aged 84.
Saturday, 14 July 2018
1969 Vivian Phillipps
Constituency : Edinburgh West 1922-24
Vivian took Edinburgh West from the Tories with a majority of 666 in a straight fight.
Vivian was born in Kent . He was educated at Charterhouse School ,Heidelberg University, where he became a fluent German speaker, and Cambridge. He started out as a German teacher at Fettes College in Edinburgh. During his time there he published a German text-book. In 1905 he left the school and became a barrister. He first stood for Blackpool in 1905 then Maidstone in both 1910 elections ( coming very close in December ). From 1912 to 1916 he was private secretary to the Scottish Secretary McKinnon Wood and retained the position under Harold Tennant. When Asquith fell from power he asked Vivian to become his private secretary. Vivian was virulently anti-Lloyd George and acknowledged that he was an impediment to the prospects of reunion. In 1918, he tried to succeed Gordon Harvey in Rochdale but came second to the couponed Conservative in a five-cornered contest.
He became Chef Whip in the new Parliament replacing James Hogge. It's been suggested Asquith deliberately appointed him to reduce the prospect of reunion. As a consequence Vivian never actually spoke in Parliament.
Despite Labour's intervention, Vivian increased his majority in 1923. He had a difficult time in the 1924 parliament as the Labour whips , headed by the alcoholic Ben Spoor, declined to confer with him despite their parlous position.
In 1924 Vivian came third in a close three-way contest won by the Conservatives. He became chairman of the Liberal Party Organisation and launched the Million Fighting Fund to raise finance for the party but the existence of Lloyd George's war chest was well known and donors were hard to find. He then set up the Liberal Council to rally those Liberals most hostile to Lloyd George. In 1927 he supplied the Morning Post with hostile information about the Lloyd George Fund, hoping to drive him out of public life.
Vivian stood again in 1929 but again came third as Labour took the seat. He was unenthusiastic about Lloyd George's new policies on state intervention.
Vivian was a member of public bodies in Kent in the thirties. He published his autobiography My Days and Ways in 1943.
Vivian had a reputation for high probity but was rather aloof.
He died in 1955 aged 84.
Friday, 13 July 2018
1968 Sir Robert Hutchison
Constituency : Kirkcaldy Burghs 1922-23, Montrose Burghs 1924-32 ( from 1931 Liberal National )
Sir Robert won back Kirkcaldy Burghs for the National Liberals. The seat had been lost to Labour in a by-election in 1921. He won by 673 votes in a straight fight.
Robert was a military man who served in both the Boer War and the First World War, reaching the rank of Major-General. He was Director of Organisation and Deputy Adjutant-General at the War Office between 1917 and 1919. He was highly decorated and knighted in 1919. He retired in 1923.
In 1923 the former Labour MP defeated Robert by over 2,000 votes. In 1924 he switched seats to Montrose Burghs and had a comfortable victory over Labour. He held his seat in 1929 .
Robert was a whip for most of his time in the Commons although he resigned the chief whip post in 1930 after voting against the King's Speech.
Robert was the first Liberal to throw in his lot with Simon, resigning the Liberal whip with him in June 1931 over the government's proposed land tax. He enjoyed a crushing victory as a Liberal National in 1931. In 1932 he became chair of the new party's executive committee and was responsible for liaising with the Tories.
Robert stood down in 1932 when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Hutchison. He was Paymaster-General between 1935 and 1938.
Robert was also a director of a bank and an insurance company.
He died in 1950 aged 76.
Thursday, 12 July 2018
1967 Sir John Collie
Constituency : Glasgow Partick 1922-23
Sir John easily held on to the seat vacated by Robert Balfour in a straight fight with an Asquithian. He had the support of the Partick Unionist Association.
John was educated at Aberdeen University. He became a doctor and held a number of Medical Officer posts in the civil service. He served on a number of Royal Commissions. He was knighted in 1912. He wrote a number of publications including works on medical fraud. He wrote the standard pre-war text on malingering.
John stood down in 1923.
He died in 1935 aged 75.
Wednesday, 11 July 2018
1966 Frederick Martin
Constituency : Aberdeen and Kincardine East 1922-24
Frederick took Aberdeen and Kincardine East from the National Liberal Sir William Cowan gaining 60% of the vote.
Frederick was educated at Peterhead Academy. He became a journalist working on the Aberdeen Free Press and Morning Post. He joined the army in 1914 but became blind while working as a musketry instructor and was hospitalised under military care.
Frdereick defeated a Unionist challenger in 1923 but Labour's intervention cost him the seat in 1924.
In 1929, Frederick came a close second in Central Aberdeenshire. After that disappointment he concluded that the Liberals had no chance of returning to power and moved across to Labour. He stood for his old seat in 1931 but was well beaten in a straight fight with the Unionist. He reduced the majority substantially in 1935. He was elected to Aberdeenshire County Council in 1929 and served to his death including spells as chair of the Public Health and Education Committees.
He died in 1950 aged 67.
Tuesday, 10 July 2018
1965 Sir William Cotts
Constituency : Western Isles 1922-23
Sir William reversed the result of the 1918 election ousting the Asquithian Donald Murray by 939 votes. He was the candidate favoured by Lord Leverhulme
William was educated privately and at Wallace Hall Academy. In 1895 he went to South Africa where he built up a business serving the mining industries of the Natal. He owned collieries and steamships in Britain. He was involved in recruitment during World War One. He was created a baronet in 1921.
William's parliamentary contributions related to his constituency. He spent much of his tenure as MP in South Africa on business matters. He favoured the crofter's cause but was no as vocal on the subject as his predecessor.
William stood down in 1923.
He died in 1932 while travelling to Wales for medical treatment. He was 60. His son Wiliam later stood for the Conservative party.
Monday, 9 July 2018
1964 Sir Archibald Sinclair
Constituency : Caithness and Sutherland 1922-45
Archibald stood for the National Liberals and unseated Leicester Harmsworth who had moved over to the Asquithians in the previous parliament. He won by nearly 2, 000 votes.
Archibald was the grandson of a baronet and was born in Chelsea. He was educated at Eton and Sandhurst and entered the army in 1910. He succeeded to the baronetcy in 1912.He served in France during World War One and rose to the rank of Major. He served as second in command to Churchill when he went to the front in 1916. He became Churchill's Personal Military Secretary when Churchill was given the War Office in 1919 and Private Secretary when he went to the Colonies.
Archibald was unopposed in 1923 and 1924. He helped Lloyd George develop his land policies in Scotland then had a crushing victory in a three cornered contest in 1929. In 1930 he became the Liberal chief whip.
Archibald was unopposed in 1931. He became Deputy Leader of the party and Secretary of State for Scotland in the National government but resigned in protest at the Ottawa agreement in 1932.
Archibald steamrollered a "National" candidate in 1935. As Herbert Samuel lost his seat in that election, Archibald became party leader. He took an anti-appeasement line and worked closely with Churchill.
In 1940, Churchill made him Secretary of State for Air although he was not invited to the smaller War Cabinet. He was involved in planning the Battle of Britain.
Archibald was caught overseas when the 1945 election was called and came third although only 61 votes behind the Tory victor. The latter promised to step down as soon as the war with Japan ended but reneged on his promise.
In 1950 Archibald moved into second place but 269 votes behind the Tory.
Archibald didn't contest the 1951 election and the following year suffered a stroke. He accepted elevation to the Lords as Viscount Thurso.
In 1959 Archibald suffered a more severe stroke leaving him largely bedridden.
Archibald was handsome and charming in public but a reserved man in private with a slight speech impediment.
He died in 1970 aged 79. His grandson John Thurso eventually became MP for the same seat. A commemorative locomotive, launched by Archibald himself is preserved by the Bluebell Railway.
Saturday, 7 July 2018
1963 Sir Robert Hamilton
Constituency : Orkney and Shetland 1922-35
The 1922 general election was one of the most confused contests. The suddenness of the Carlton Club decision left both government parties somewhat unprepared and in Scotland they acted as if the Coalition still existed. Bonar Law's Tories won the election even though they dropped 38 seats, such was the advantage Lloyd George had given them in 1918. Labour came second with a huge advance in the industrial areas gaining 85 seats . Lloyd George's supporters fought the election as National Liberals but didn't have the numbers to form a government and, with no one eager to work with him, Lloyd George had little to say to the electorate. Already weakened by defections and retirements, their numbers dropped to 55, being hit particularly hard by Labour in the north.The ex-NDP men were completely wiped out. The Asquithians improved their position going up to 62 seats mainly at the expense of Conservatives in the south. There were a number of seats where rival Liberal candidates handed the other parties the victory. When the two Liberal votes were added together, Labour had outpolled them.
Sir Robert ousted the National Liberal Malcolm Smith although at least there were no other candidates to take advantage of the feud. He won by 625 votes.
Robert was the son of the Governor of Australia. He was educated at St Paul's School and Cambridge. In 1905 he became Principal Judge of the East Africa Protectorate. He was knighted in 1018 when he became chairman of the Civil Service Commission. He retired in 1920.
Robert held his seat in 1923 and was unopposed in 1924. He was returned with a bigger majority in 1929 and was unopposed in 1931.
Robert served as a parliamentary delegate to various countries and was a member of the first Round Table Conference on Indian independence in 1930-31. He became Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1931 but followed Samuel into opposition. He became the Scottish Liberal whip in 1934. He was soundly defeated by the Conservatives the following year.
He died in 1944 aged 76.
1962 Charles Jesson
Constituency : Walthamstow West 1918-22 ( NDP ), 1922
Charles was the son of a boot and shoe manufacturer from Leicester. He became a musician and an organiser for what became the Musicians Union and brought them round to supporting the NDP.. He was a councillor on the L.C.C. In 1918, he stood in Walthamstow West defeating Labour and the former Chelsea MP Emslie Horniman.
Charles's maiden speech called for government regulation of industrial co-operation.
In 1922 Charles came second to Labour , the combined Liberal total well exceeding the Labour vote.
He died in 1926 aged 64.
We are now finished with the by-election winners and defectors of the 1918-22 Parliament.
Friday, 6 July 2018
1961 Matthew Simm
Constituency : Wallsend 1918-22 ( NDP ), 1922
Matthew stood for Wallsend in 1918, ousting the Tyneside MP J M Robertson whom he pushed into third.
Matthew was a miner's son and a trade unionist. He worked as a draper in the Co-Operative Society. He was a friend of Hardie and an organiser for the I.L.P. in the northeast. He edited the journal Northern Democrat .
Matthew came fourth in 1922 with a derisory 6 % of the vote.
He died in 1928 aged 59.
Thursday, 5 July 2018
1960 Joseph Green
Constituency : Leicester West 1918-22 ( NDP ), 1922
Joseph was a former curate who left the church for the Social Democratic Federation and became its treasurer until he fell out with Hyndman. He was closely involved with the Russian exile community. He joined the British Workers League and was chosen to take out Ramsay MacDonald in Leicester West in 1918. That was duly achieved with Joseph taking 76% of the vote.
Joseph's maiden speech opposed recognition of the Bolshevik regime in Russia.
In 1922, an Asquithian Liberal stood against Joseph , handing the seat to Labour on a minority of the votes cast.
Joseph subsequently joined the Conservative party and found a job at their headquarters.
He died in 1932 aged 87.
Wednesday, 4 July 2018
1959 James Seddon
Constituency : Newton 1906-10 ( Labour ), Stoke-on-Trent Hanley 1918-22 ( NDP ), 1922
James was born in Prescot. He started work as a grocer's apprentice then became a salesman. He became president of the shop workers union, the NAUSAWC in 1902. In 1906 he became MP for Newton under the McDonald-Gladstone pact. He lost his seat in December 1910 and joined the TUC parliamentary committee the following year. He was elected TUC President in 1915. He gravitated towards the British Workers League and resigned from Labour in 1917.In 1918 he stood for Hanley for the NDP defeating Labour, the deselected anti-war Liberal Robert Outhwaite and an alternative Liberal. His majority was 335.
James's last parliamentary speech in 1922 denouncing the duty on entertainments.
In 1922 James was defeated by Labour although the combined Liberal vote was greater than the Labour total.
By 1923 James had joined the Conservatives and re-fought the seat in their colours. He came second again.
In 1925 James founded the Steel House Constructors Union, a housebuilding project. He later joined the Industrial Peace Union of the British Empire.
He died of a heart attack in 1939 aged 71.
Tuesday, 3 July 2018
1958 James Walton
Constituency : Don Valley 1918-22 ( National Democratic Party ), 1922
Like Charles Stanton, James was a former miner. He was educated at Broomhill Board Schools. He joined the Yorkshire Miners Association in 1881. He was always a Liberal rather than Labour supporter and tried to contract out of paying the political levy. He publicly opposed strike action while the war was in progress. He stood at Don Valley for the NDP defeating Labour and the Liberal Mp Hastings Lees-Smith who'd moved across from Northampton. In 1919 he again called on the union not to strike and in 1920 was expelled from the YMA. he was reinstated by a court judgement in his favour the following year. His legal action was funded by his supporters in parliament.
James' maiden speech supported the establishment of a Ministry of Mines in 1920. His final speech supported a stiffening of the rules on contracting out of the political levy.
In 1922 James was defeated by a Labour man. He came second and the combined Liberal vote was greater than Labour's total.
He died in 1924 aged 56.
Monday, 2 July 2018
1957 Charles Loseby
Constituency : Bradford East 1918-22 ( National Democratic Party ) , 1922
Charles was a barrister and then teacher before joining up in World War One. He became a captain and was gassed at Ypres in 1915. He joined the NDP and unseated the Liberal, William Priestley at Bradford East.
Many of Charles's parliamentary contributions were on behalf of the armed forces.
The local Liberals were unforgiving and put up their own candidate in 1922 who came third but ensured Charles's defeat to Labour.
In 1924 Charles followed Churchill's lead and contested Nottingham West as a Constitutionalist. He got a respectable vote but lost out to Labour in a straight fight. By 1929 he had joined the Tories and stood again, coming third.
Charles later emigrated to Hong Kong and became chairman of the Hong Kong Bar Association in 1953 and the first chairman of the Reform Club of Hong Kong.
He died in 1970 aged 89.
Sunday, 1 July 2018
1956 Charles Stanton
Constituency : Merthyr Tydfil 1915-18 ( National ), Aberdare 1918-22 ( National Democratic Party ) 1922
As the general election approached in 1922, the numbers of Coalition Liberals received a sudden boost from the collapse of the National Democratic and Labour Party. This started in 1915 as a breakaway from the Marxist British Socialist Party calling itself the British Worker's League. Their main policy was robust support for the war effort and they started targeting pacifist MPs. They attracted the support of some Labour MPs including the former leader George Barnes. When Barnes decided to stay in the Coalition Cabinet against the wishes of his party, the BWL became the National Democratic and Labour Party to give him some troops. Lloyd George and Bonar Law indulged them with the coupon in 20 seats and they won ten. When Barnes heard that Labour intended to oppose him in his constituency he decided to retire and the NDP imploded. One MP had defected to Labour the other eight had little choice but to become National Liberals (i.e. supporters of Lloyd George )
Charles started out as a miner's agent in Aberdare and member of the Independent Labour Party. He was an urban district councillor and known as a militant. He was supposed to have fired a gun during the hauliers' strike of 1893.He opposed Keir Hardie's pacifist stance when war broke out and looked to succeed him at Merthyr when he died in 1915. Labour instead chose another mining agent James Winstone . Despite the party truce , Charles decided to stand against him as a "National" candidate. Winstone was not a pacifist like Hardie but did oppose conscription. Local Tories and Liberals openly supported his campaign. Charles won by 4,000 votes.
Charles was happy to stand for the NDP in Aberdare in 1918 where he trashed the pacifist Labour candidate.
Charles was comfortably defeated by Labour in a straight fight in 1922. He became a film actor in the twenties and thirties playing aristocrats or clergymen.
Charles only really joined the Liberal Party in 1928.
He died in 1946 aged 73.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)