Friday, 30 November 2018
2106 Harry Nathan
Constituency : Bethnal Green North East 1929-34 ( from 1933 Independent Liberal ), 1934-5 ( Labour ), Wandsworth Central 1937-40 ( Labour )
Harry took Bethnal Green North East from Labour despite the intervention of a Tory candidate.
Harry was the son of a fine art publisher. He was educated at St Paul's School and became a solicitor. He was Honoary Secretary of London's largest Jewish Lads' Club. He was a Zionist and was honorary secretary to the Land and Nation League. He served in Worl War One and reached the rank of Major. In 1924 he stood for Whitechapel and St George's but failed to unseat Labour.
Harry supported the Labour government on price-fixing. At a meeting in July 1930 he expressed the view that the party was "done for".
Harry was friendly with Lloyd George but stayed loyal to Herbert Samuel when the party split.
In 1931, Harry increased his majority as the Tories withdrew. He was a founding member of the Central British Fund for German Jewry.
Harry opposed all the government's protectionist measures. In December 1931 he led a rebellion of four Samuelite Liberals against the Import Duties Bill. He was the first Samuelite to cross to the opposition benches. In 1933 he declared himself an Independent Liberal then joined Labour the following year. He opted to stand in Cardiff South rather than defend his seat and ran the Tories close in a straight fight.
In 1937, Harry won Wandsworth Central from the Tories in a by-election. He resigned in 1940 to allow Ernest Bevin to become an MP and was raised to the peerage as Baron Nathan. He held posts in Attlee's government as Under Secretary of State for War from 1945 to 1946 and Minister of Civil Aviation from 1946 to 1948.
He died in 1963 aged 74.
Thursday, 29 November 2018
2105 William Lygon aka Viscount Elmley
Constituency : Norfolk East 1929-38 ( from 1931 Liberal National )
William recaptured Norfolk East from the Tories in a three-cornered contest.
William was the son and heir of Earl Beauchamp, lader of the Liberals in the lords from 1924 to 1931.
William was briefly a whip in 1931 then joined the Liberal Nationals. He had easy wins over Labour in 1931 and 1935.
William succeeded his father in 1938.
He died in 1979 aged 75.
Wednesday, 28 November 2018
2104 James de Rothschild
Constituency : Isle of Ely 1929-45
James took Isle of Ely from the Tories in a three-cornered contest.
James was a scion of the French branch of the de Rothschild family. He was educated at Lycee Louis de Grand school, Paris and Cambridge. After graduating he spent 18 months working anonymously as a ranch hand in Australia. He served in three armies in World War One, the French, Canadian and British. He served in Palestine and raised funds for the Jewish Legion. He reached the rank of major and won the Distinguished Conduct Medal. He was a racehorse owner and his horse "Bomba" won the Ascot Gold Cup in 1909. He became a naturalised Briton in 1920 and in 1922 inherited the Wadddesdon Manor estate. s well as banking, he had many industrial interests. He was a major art collector. He loved golf and lost an eye during a game.
James was an opponent of Lloyd George's co-operation strategy with Labour and allied with Hore-Belisha and Shakespeare against him. He spoke against Lloyd George at the NLF conference in 1931. However he declined to join the Liberal Nationals probably out of personal loyalty to Samuel. His donations helped keep the party afloat.
James had an easy victory over Labour and Agricultural Party candidates in 1931 then narrowly defeated the Tories in a straight fight in 1935.
During the Second World War James spoke out against Jewish persecution and housed a number of refugees.
James was very briefly parliamentary secretary to the Ministry of Supply in 1945, the last Liberal to be appointed to a government post until 2010.
James was a staunch Zionist and gave 6 million Israeli pounds for the construction of the Knesset building in Jerusalem.
In 1945 James was pushed into third place with less than 25 % of the vote.
James was flamboyant and witty in the House but could be rather aloof in person.
He died of a heart attack in 1957 aged 78.
Tuesday, 27 November 2018
2103 Sidney Peters
Constituency : Huntingdonshire 1929-45 ( from 1931 Liberal National )
Sidney took Huntingdonshire from the Tories despite the intervention of a Labour candidate.
Sidney was born in Cambridge. He was educated there and at Dublin University. He became a solicitor and worked at the Department for Civil Supplies during World War One as a legal adviser.
Sidney joined the Liberal Nationals in 1931 and crushed Labour at the election. He became PPS to the Minister of Mines. He retained his seat with a large majority in 1935. He was PPS to the Minister of Labour up to 1940.
Sidney stood down in 1945.
He died in 1976 aged 90.
Monday, 26 November 2018
2102 Edgar Granville
Constituency : Eye 1929-51 ( 1931-42 Liberal National, 1942-5 Independent )
Edgar took Eye from the Tories in a three-cornered contest.
Edgar was educated at High Wycombe and in Australia. He served with the Australian Imperial Force at Gallipoli where he was wounded and later in France and Egypt.. He was a manufacturer with interests in armaments and pharmaceuticals.
Edgar was Honorary Secretary to the Liberal Agricultural Group from 1929 to 1931. He became PPS to Samuel in 1931 but joined the Liberal Nationals in time for the election when he was returned unopposed.
Edgar became PPS to Simon as Foreign Secretary until 1936.. He crushed a Labour opponent in 1935.
Edgar served a a captain in the Royal Artillery Corps from 1939 to 1940.
In 1942, Edgar resigned from the Liberal Nationals and sat as an Independent for three years. In 1945 he rejoined the Liberals and held Eye in a three-cornered contest.He relied heavily on personal contact to maintain his position.
Edgar repeated the feat in 1950. He allied with Megan Lloyd-George against Davies and even voted against an amendment he had signed to avoid bringing the Labour government down. He was narrowly defeated in 1951.
The following year, Edgar joined Labour and contested the seat for them in 1955. He took most of the Liberal vote with him but fell short of the Tory by some 800 votes. He stood again in 1959 but fell further behind,
In 1967 Edgar was raised to the peerage as Baron Granville. He became a cross-bencher in the 1970s when he also wrtote two political thrillers..He remained in good health for many years and made regular use of his ex-MP's pass for the Commons tea room often baffling current MPs who couldn't remember him.
Edgar was a keen horseman.
He died in 1998 aged 1900.
Sunday, 25 November 2018
2101 Geoffrey Mander
Constituency : Wolverhampton East 1929-45
Geoffrey took over from George Thorne at Wolverhampton East. He won easily in a three cornered contest.
Geoffrey's family were prominent industrialists in the Midlands. He was educated at Harrow and Cambridge and became a barrister. He served in the Royal Flying Corps in World War One. He was chairman of Mander Brothers making paints and varnishes on an international scale. He was a Congregationalist. He was a borough councillor from 1911 to 1920. He stood for Leominster in 1922 running the Tory close then Cannock, a Labour seat in 1923 where he came third. He came third again at Stourbridge in 1924.
Geoffrey voted for Labour's Coal Bill in 1929. He became the party's foreign affairs expert. He was also a respected authority on industrial relations.
In 1931, Geoffrey agreed to a 40 hour week with Ernest Bevin, making his company the first to introduce it in Britain.
Geoffrey supported the League of Nations but was a strong opponent of appeasement. He fiercely criticised the Peace pledge Union in 1936. Mussiolini called for a boycott of his firm's goods in 1938. He was also on Hitler's extermination list.
Geoffrey was a determined questioner. Baldwin once said he would "tread honestly and conscientiously on every corn from China to Peru". The journalist Percy Cater said of him, "he is a sort of pocket edition of noble indignation. See him pouncing up to ask a question. There you see fire, purpose, an inextinguishable soul".
Geoffrey was PPS to Archibald Sinclair during the war. In 1941 he published the valedictory We Were Not All Wrong.
Geoffrey held his seat with a reduced majority in 1931 and more comfortably in 1935 but was swept away by Labour in 1945. He was knighted shortly afterwards.
Geoffrey himself joined labour in 1948 and was a Staffordshire county councillor for them.
Geoffrey was an arts patron and conservationist and was the first person to donate the family home to the National Trust during their lifetime. His wife Rosaline was a literary biographer.
He died in 1962 aged 80.
Saturday, 24 November 2018
2100 Frank Owen
Constituency : Hereford 1929-31
Frank took Hereford from the Tories in a three-cornered contest despite only being selected at the last minute. He was the youngest MP at 23.
Frank was the son of an innkeeper from Hereford. He was educated at Monmouth School and Cambridge. He was a journalist for the South Wales Argus. He volunteered at Liberal party HQ to help with election propaganda in 1929 and found himself a candidate.
Frank only asked a couple of questions in Parliament.
In 1931, Frank stayed loyal to Lloyd George. He was the only one of the so-called "family group" who was not related to Lloyd George and the only one to be defeated despite Labour standing aside.
Frank went to work for the Daily Express then in 1938 became editor of the Evening Standard. He was a ferocious opponent of appeasement and printed extracts from Mein Kampf to make his point. He was a co-author of the anti-appeasement tract Guilty Men in 1940. The following year he published The Three Dictators : Mussolini, Stalin, Hitler.
In World War Two Frank served in the Royal Tank Regiment then went to South East Asia to edit the forces newspaper under Lord Mountbatten. He was raised to Lieutenant-Colonel and awarded the OBE. His successor at the Evening Standard was Michael Foot.
In 1947, Frank became editor of the Daily Mail.
In 1954 , Frank wrote a sympathetic biography of Lloyd George which seems to have inspired him to resume a political career. He stood for Hereford again in 1955 and pushed Labour into third place. In 1956 there was a by-election and Frank was able to significantly close the gap on the Tories.
Frank sent a telegram to Gwilym Lloyd-George to try and prevent the execution of Ruth Ellis.
He died in 1979 aged 73.
Friday, 23 November 2018
2099 Clement Davies
Constituency : Montgomeryshire 1929-62 (1931-9 Liberal National, 1939-42 Independent )
Clement took over from the long serving David Davies at Montgomeryshire. He won in a three-cornered contest.
Clement was educated at Llanfyllin School and Cambridge. He became a barrister after a spell lecturing in law at Aberystwyth. He published books on agricultural law and auctions. He worked for the Procurator-General during World War One advising on enemy trading activities.
Clement put down an amendment to the government's Coal Bill in 1929. He nearly resigned his seat in 1930 on becoming legal director of Lever Brothers.
Though initially perceived as a Lloyd George loyalist, Clement joined the Liberal Nationals and was elected unopposed in 1931 and 1935. Hcame under increasing pressure from the local party and his predecessor Lord Davies to move into opposition. In 1939 he agreed to become an independent and chaired the All Party Action Group against Chamberlain. He helped persuade Lloyd George to speak in the Norway debate.
In 1942, Clement rejoined the official party and joined Megan Lloyd-George in Radical Action.
In 1945, Clement held his seat in a straight fight with the Tories. He was prevailed upon to become party leader as Archibald Sinclair had lost his seat. He accepted rather reluctantly, hoping in vain that Sinclair would be back in Parliament. He was well-liked beyond the party but a lacklustre leader and an alcoholic to boot. He was twice hospitalised during general election campaigns. He was President of the Parliamentary Association for World Government and unsuccessfully nominated for the Nobel peace Prize in 1955.
Clement presided over the nadir of the party's fortunes as it only secured 9 seats in 1950 and 6 in 1951 and failed to contest the majority of seats. However in 1951 he turned down a seat in Churchill's cabinet which has been recognised as preserving the independence of the party.
In 1956 Clement was replaced by Jo Grimond in a coup of which neither man seemed aware.
Three of Clement's four children predeceased him.
He died in 1962 aged 78.
Thursday, 22 November 2018
2098 Frederick Llewellyn-Jones
Constituency : Flintshire 1929-35 ( Liberal National 1931-2 )
Frederick reclaimed Flintshire from the Tories with a convincing majority. The La\bour candidate was his brother Cyril, also a solicitor.
Frederick was from Bethesda. He was educated at Friar's College, Bangor and University of Wales, Aberystwyth. He became a solicitor specialising in national insurance and health matters. He was a member of many international law societies. He was a councillor and eventually became H.M. Coroner for Flintshire. In 1914 he was selected for Preston but subsequently withdrew hoping to stand for Labour in the University of Wales constituency. That didn't happen and he gravitated back to the Liberals.
Frederick went into the Liberal Nationals in 1931. This displeased local Liberals who threatened to put up a candidate against him. Frederick retorted he had the support of the Tories and a stormy meeting eventually went in his favour. Gladstone's son Henry supported him.
Frederick crushed the Labour candidate in the election. However he soon started voting against the government and in 1932 the local Tories repudiated him. His response was to return to the main party. In 1934 he announced he would be standing down at the next election on age grounds .
Frederick held appointments in many Welsh cultural and educational organisations.
He died in 1941 aged 74.
2097 Henry Morris-Jones
Constituency : Denbigh 1929-50 ( from 1931 Liberal National )
Henry took over from Ellis Davies at Denbigh in a straight fight with the Tories.
Henry was an army captain's son. He was educated at Menai Bridge Grammar School and St Mungo's College of Medicine, Glasgow. He qualified as a doctor and practised in Colwyn Bay. He served in World War One as a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps and was awarded the Military Cross. He became a councillor in Colwyn Bay.
Henry's main interests in Parliament were public health and agriculture.
Henry was a strong critic of Labour's economic record and joined the Liberal Nationals. He described Labour members as "crude and insufferable". He felt the Liberals were finished, writing "Party organisation is going to pieces : federations are closing for lack of funds and no one knows how much there is in the LlG fund". He was unopposed in 1931. He became an assistant whip in 1932. In 1933 the Colwyn Bay Liberal Association passed a vote of no confidence in him.
In 1935 Labour and the Liberals, who fielded the former MP John Davies, put up candidates against Henry but he saw them off. He became a senior whip after the election. He was knighted in 1937. That same year he helped to co-ordinate the Royal Visit to Wales. He declined to be Chief Whip for the Liberal Nationals and returned to the backbenches. He was chairman of the Welsh parliamentary Party which still met occasionally from 1941 to 1942.
In 1942 Henry left the Liberal Nationals and sat as an Independent in order to criticise the government's war effort more effectively. He wanted a single minister for war production. He made moves towards rejoining the main party but in 1943 decided to rejoin the Liberal Nationals.
In 1945 Henry held his seat against Labour and Liberal opposition. He was opposed to the creation of the NHS from a doctor's point of view but eventually accepted the Bill.
In 1949 Henry put forward a Private Member's Bill to create a Welsh office and Welsh Secretary of State.
Henry stood down in 1950 but continued to hold office in the National Liberal Party.
He died in 1972 ahged 87.
Wednesday, 21 November 2018
2096 Megan Lloyd George
Constituency : Anglesey 1929-51, Carmarthen 1957-66 ( Labour )
Megan took over from Robert Thomas at Anglesey after her father pulled a few strings to get her elected. She had an easy victory in a three-cornered contest.She was the first Liberal MP who was born n the twentieth century.
Megan was Lloyd George's third daughter. She was educated at King's College, University of London. She accompanied her father to public events from an early age. She went to the Paris Peace Conference with him and on his tour of America in 1923. She spent 1924-25 as a guest of Lord Reading, the Viceroy for India.
Megan's maiden speech was on rural housing and praised Labour for addressing the issue.
Megan was loyal to her father and was re-elected as an Independent Liberal in 1931 in a straight fight with the Tories. Labour's intervention in 1935 made little difference to her majority. She was a fierce opponent of appeasement after accompanying her father on his visit to Hitler in 1936..
During the war Megan was a leading figure in Radical Action , a group calling for more radical policies and for the party to pull out of the wartime electoral truce. She was also part of the Speaker's Conference on Electoral Reform in 1944. She was also active on the Woman Power Committee.
Despite being partly educated by her , Megan hated her father's mistress, Frances Stevenson and opposed their late marriage in 1943.
Megan held on in 1945 in a straight fight with Labour.After her father's death, Megan felt isolated as the only left-leaning MP in the party led by the right wing Clement Davies. He tried to keep her on board by making her Deputy Leader. She campaigned for Welsh devolution and a Secretary of State for Wales. She was President of the Parliament for Wales campaign and presented a petition to her brother Gwilym as Conservative Minister for Wales in 1956. She became Lady Megan on her father's elevation to the peerage in 1945.
Megan held on again in 1950 when the Tories stood again but was narrowly defeated by Labour in 1951. Megan had long been on friendly terms with leading labour figures including Attlee and eventually defected to them in 1955.
In 1957, Megan was selected to fight Carmarthen on the death of Rhys Hopkin-Morris and won the by-election by 3,069 votes in a three-cornered contest with Plaid Cymru. She generally spoke on Welsh issues and agriculture.
Megan had a poor relationship with Harold Wilson. She remained on the backbenches when Labour came to power in 1964. In any case her health was in decline.
Megan inherited her father's gift for oratory and was often heard on the radio,
Megan never married but she was the longtime mistress of Labour peer Lord Noel-Baker.
She died of breast cancer shortly after being re-elected in 1966. She was 64.
Tuesday, 20 November 2018
2095 Joseph Hunter
Constituency : Dumfriesshire 1929-35 ( from 1934 Liberal National )
Joseph recaptured Dumfriesshire from the Tories in a three-cornered contest.
Joseph was a surgeon. From 1927, he was Director of the Liberal Campaign Department, a key figure in the run-up to the election. He also held office in the British Medical Association.
Joseph easily defeated Labour in a two horse race in 1931 but didn't join the Liberal Nationals until 1934.
Joseph voted for the Abnormal Importations Bill
He died in 1935 aged 59.
Monday, 19 November 2018
2094 James Scott
Constituency : Kincardine and Aberdeenshire West 1929-31
James took Kincardine and Aberdeenshire West back from the Tories by 668 votes in a straight fight.
James was the son of a railway official. He was educated at Forres Academy and the University of London. He was a solicitor. He held a number of public appointments in Scotland. In 1922 he contested Moray and Nairn against the National Liberal Thomas Guthrie and ran him close.In 1923 he contested Renfrewshire West and came a poor third. in 1924 he contested Kincardine and Aberdeenshire West coming fairly close.
James was briefly PPS to Archibald Sinclair in the National Government in 1931. The local Tories were not prepared to yield to James in such a marginal seat, particularly as he was an ardent Free Trader and decisively defeated him in a straight fight.
In 1934 James was selected to fight Perth at the next election but when a by-election occurred first, the local Liberal Association picked a Simonite candidate Francis Norrie-Millar in deference to the Tories, a decision criticised by the Liberal whip Robert Hamilton. James decided not to enter the contest.
In 1936 James was approached to stand at the Combined Scottish Universities by-election against Ramsay MacDonald. He was interested but eventually decided the cause was hopeless and pulled out.
James published some papers on land taxation.
He died in 1939 aged 63.
Sunday, 18 November 2018
2093 Thomas Ramsay
Constituency : Western Isles 1929-35
The 1929 was a crushing disappointment to the Liberals. After all the hard work put into their policy prospectus and capturing 5 million votes, the electoral system ensured they finished up with just 59 seats. This was a net gain on 1924 of just 13 seats although some of the losses had already been incurred through defections. They also held the balance of power.
Thomas took over from Alexander Livingstone at Western Isles. He triumphed in a three-cornered contest.
Thomas was educated at Edinburgh University and became a barrister. He was a staunch adherent to Scottish culture and a member of many Scottish societies. In 1922 he stood as a National Liberal candidate at Glasgow Shettleston but lost out to labour's John Wheatley.
Despite sitting for one of the remotest seats, Thomas was the top Liberal attendee for divisions in the Commons. His contributions were mainly on constituency matters which included the evacuation of St Kilda.
In 1931, Thomas like most of the Highland liberals, joined the Liberal Nationals. He held his seat in a straight fight with the Tories in 1931 but was defeated by Labour in a three-cornered contest including the SNP in 1935.
He died in 1956 aged 79.
Saturday, 17 November 2018
2092 James Blindell
Constituency : Holland with Boston 1929-37 ( from 1931 Liberal National )
James's was the most spectacular Liberal victory of the Parliament. The Liberals came from a distant third place in 1924 to take the seat from the Tories with a 3,706 vote majority. It was a four cornered contest with the Agricultural Party standing a candidate. His was the last Liberal by-election gain for nearly 30 years. He was a Primitive Methodist.
James's father worked in a wine cellar. James started out as an errand boy but rose to become managing director of a boot manufacturing company with a chain of shoe shops. He was a councillor in Grimsby from 1919.
James's maiden speech gave a cautious welcome to the government's proposals on unemployment.
James increased his majority in the general election. In 1931, he joined the Liberal Nationals and crushed Labour in straight contests in 1931 and 1935.He was a whip for the Liberal Nationals.
James was knighted in 1936.
He died in a car accident in 1937 when his driver braked to avoid hitting dogs. He was 52.
We now move on to the Liberal victors of 1929.
Friday, 16 November 2018
2091 Richard Russell
Constituency : Eddisbury 1929-43 ( from 1931 Liberal National )
Richard took Eddisbury from the Tories at the third attempt in a straight fight. He campaigned on the Librals' new land policy.
Richard was educated at St Anne's Birkenhead and Liverpool University. He became a dental surgeon. He was a Birkenhead town councillor and held many public appointments in Merseyside. He came very close to taking the seat in 1923 and stayed in touch in 1924. He was a Methodist lay preacher.
Richard's main interests were agricultural policy and food prices. In 1933 he sat on a Commons committee on surplus foodstuffs discussing making surplus foodstuffs available to the unemployed at wholesale prices. His last speech concerned wartime difficulties in farming in 1942.
Richard was an old school Gladstonian in favour of temperance, opposed to gambling and promoting retrenchment. He proposed a private member' bill to make the football pools illegal. He was a sabbatarian and in 1932 led opposition to cinemas opening on a Sunday. He tended to vote with the Tories during the Labour government.
Richard was a natural fit for the Liberal Nationals in 1931. He was unopposed in 1931. In 1935 the Liberals considered putting up a candidate against him but the challenge didn't materialise and he was again unopposed.
He died in 1943 aged 70.
Thursday, 15 November 2018
2090 William Jones
Constituency : Carmarthen 1928-9
William took back Carmarthen after the defector Alfred Mond was elevated to the peerage. He won by just 47 votes over Labour in a three-cornered contest. William made clear in his campaign that he did not favour land nationalisation but did support security of tenure for farmers. He was the last Liberal MP who was older than the party.
William was a local businessman. He owned a steelworks in Swansea and was a director of a gas company and a colliery firm. He was both county and district councillor. When Mond defected over the Liberals' new land policy in 1926 there was an internal contest to fight him at the next election. William was himself an opponent of the land policy and triumphed over Richard Evans, a Lloyd George man, in the selection contest despite being in his late sixties.
William lost the seat to Labour by a fairly narrow majority in a three-cornered contest in 1929.
He died in 1934 aged 76.
Wednesday, 14 November 2018
2089 Frank Kingsley-Griffith
Constituency : Middlesbrough West 1928-9
Frank held on to one of the Liberals' last remaining urban strongholds following the death of Trevelyan Thompson. He won by 89 votes with Labour coming second in a three-cornered contest. Frank fouht on the issues of free trade and public works. Both Lloyd George and Samuel came up to speak for him.
Frank was the son of an army officer from Surrey. He was educated at Marlborough and Oxford where he became president of the Union. He served in World War One reaching the rank of captain. He was wounded twice and won the Military Cross. He became a barrister. He joined the National League of Young Liberals and quickly built a reputation as a platform speaker. He contested Bromley three times in 1922, 1923 and 1924 coming close in 1923 an holding on to second place in 1924. He was appointed to Samuel's Liberal Organizing Committee in 1927.
From 1931 to 1932, Frank was Samuel's PPS. He became noted for his oratory in the Commons. In 1932 he became Recorder of Yorkshire.
Frank increased his majority in 1929 then enjoyed an easy victory in 1931. He survived in 1935 due to a National Labour candidate standing.
In 1935, Frank spoke in the Commons about unemployment in Middlesbrough expressing concern that 600,000 men had been out of work for more than 6 months.
In 1940 Frank resigned his seat to become a county court judge.
Frank retired in 1957.
He died in 1962 aged 74.
Tuesday, 13 November 2018
2088 Hilda Runciman
Constituency : St Ives 1928-9
Hilda took St Ives from the Tories at a by-election. She was a staunch Asquithian and forbade Lloyd George from coming to speak for her during the campaign. He admonished Samuel for supporting her. She won by 763 votes in a three cornered contest.
Hilda was the daughter of the former Liberal MP James Stevenson. She was educated at Notting Hill High School and Cambridge. She married Walter Runciman in 1898. She became a Northumberland county councillor. She was President of the Women's National Liberal Federation from 1919 to 1921 and made sure it stayed opposed to the Coalition. She was a strong platform speaker on education and social issues.
Hilda never got to speak in the Commons. She was active in the Liberal Council opposed to Lloyd George.
In 1929, Hilda made way for Walter who needed to move from his uncongenial Welsh seat. She switched to Tavistock but was defeated by just 152 votes in a three-cornered contest.
In 1937 , Hilda became a viscountess on her husband's elevation.
She died in 1956 aged 87.
Monday, 12 November 2018
2087 Robert Tomlinson
Constituency : Lancaster 1928-9
Robert re-captured Lancaster from the Tories at a by-election. In a three-cornered contest, he triumphed by 1,829 votes.
Robert was educated at Poulton-le-Fylde Grammar School and Claremont College, Blackpool. He was a prominent Methodist. He set up in business as a corn merchant and became an expert on agricultural questions. He was a Fylde district councillor for most of his adult life and held a number of public appointments in Lancashire. He contested Fylde in 1923 but lost to the Tory in a straight fight.
Robert was narrowly defeated in 1929 but declined to stand in 1931. He stood again in 1935 but came a distant second in a three-cornered contest.
He died in 1943 aged 62.
Sunday, 11 November 2018
2086 William Wiggins
Constituency : Oldham 1925-9
The 1924-29 Parliament was a long one for the Liberals. Asquith had lost his seat at Paisley despite a free run from the Tories but as Lord Oxford remained party leader mainly to frustrate Lloyd George. He was unable to stop a wave of early defections to the Tories led by Churchill. When a stroke forced him to retire in 1926, Lloyd George was able to take control of the party machine but a significant portion of it remained implacably hostile to him and some MPs defected to Labour. Nevertheless he oversaw a radical overhaul of policy which allowed the Liberals to present a radical and detailed manifesto to the electorate in 1929.
William succeeded Edward Grigg at Oldham. when the latter was appointed Governor of Kenya. Due to a local pact with the Conservatives William had a straight fight with Labour. He fought a vigorous pro-Free Trade, anti-socialist campaign during which both Lloyd George and Alfred Mond came to speak for him. He also received strong support from the Catholic community.He won with a comfortable majority.
William was the son of a minister from Somerset. He was privately educated and went into business as a cotton manufacturer. He was Mayor of Middleton throughout World War One. He held a number of positions in trade organisations and was sometime president of the British Enployers Confederation. He successfully campaigned for a new school in Middleton. He stood alongside Grigg in 1923 coming third but agreed to a pact with the Tories in 1924 and stood down.
William's maiden speech was against a reduction in unemployment benefit.
In 1929 the local Liberals decided to field two candidates again. William thought this was a mistake and declined to stand under those circumstances.
William continued to be a vigorous lobbyist for the Lancashire cotton industry in the thirties and forties, sometimes making his arguments on an international stage. He called for state aid to counteract the effects of the depression but stopped short of advocating nationalisation.
He died in 1950 aged 80.
* In 1926, a Labour MP George Spencer was expelled from Labour following a union dispute. He went to sit on the Liberal benches but never joined the party.
Saturday, 10 November 2018
2085 Horace Crawfurd
Constituency : Walthamstow West 1924-9
Horace won Walthamstow West at the third attempt helped by the Tories' withdrawal.
Horace was a lecturer at Liverpool University. He served as a flight sub-lieutenant in World War One. He rose to the rank of Major. He was planning to fight Southport in 1918 but withdrew when the coupon went to the Tory. He first fought Walthamstow West against the NDP's Charles Jesson and came third as Labour took the seat. He moved up to second in 1923.
In the 1924-29 parliament Horace allied with the left wing Liberals such as Wedgwood Benn, Percy Harris and Joseph Kenworthy.
In 1929 Horace was defeated by more than the Tory vote. In 1931 he stood at a by-election in Islington East but came fourth with an Empire Crusade candidate finishing second. In 1935 he tried to hold Leicester West for the Liberals but came a poor third as Harold Nicolson took the seat for National Labour.
Horace was the publicity agent for a couple of British films, Knowing Men ( 1930 ) and The Price of Things ( 1931 ).
He died in 1958 aged 77.
That concludes our look at 1924 winners. We move on to the by-election victors of the 1924-29 Parliament.
Friday, 9 November 2018
2084 George Garro-Jones
Constituency : Hackney South 1924-9, Aberdeen North 1935-45
George took Hackney South from Labour at the second attempt due to the Tories' withdrawal.
George was born in Haverfordwest, the son of a Congregational minister. He was a barrister, a businessman. He served in World Wart One as a captain in the Royal Flying Corps.He was private secretary to Hamar Greenwood during his ministerial career and tried to follow him into Parliament as a National Liberal in 1922. He tried to succeed Sir Edwin Cornwall at Bethnal Green North East but came fourth as Garnham Edmonds took the seat for the Asquithians. He became editor of the Daily Dispatch. In 1923, he stood at Hackney South and managed to push the incumbent Tory into third place.
George stood down in 1929 and shortly afterwards joined the Labour Party. In 1935 he won Aberdeen North from the Tories. He was parliamentary secretary to the Ministry of Production from 1942 to 1945. He stood down in 1945.
In 1935 George published his war memoirs Ventures and Visions.
In 1947 George was created Baron Trefgarne. From 1947 to 1950 he was chairman of the Colonial Development Corporation but retired after the failure of an egg scheme in The Gambia.
In 1958, George rejoined the Liberals.
He died in 1960 aged 66. His son David was a government minister.
Thursday, 8 November 2018
2083 Thomas Fenby
Constituency : Bradford East 1924-9
Thomas took Bradford East from Labour by 66 votes after the Tories withdrew.
Thomas was a blacksmith's son from Bridlington. He was educated at Bridlington School. He went into his father's trade. He was a local magistrate. He was an East Riding county councillor and sometime Mayor of Bridlington. In 1918 he contested Howdenshire as an Asquithian but was easily seen off by the incumbent Tory. He was a Primitive Methodist. In 1922 and 1923 he stood at Buckrose running the Tory very close on both occasions.
Thomas was known as a good speaker and an independent mind on local government and agricultural issues. He championed smallholders in Parliament and was chair of the Association of North of England Smallholders. He supported birth control and the abolition of capital punishment.He became a whip in 1926.
Thomas was very hostile to Lloyd George and joined both the Radical Group and the Liberal Council to resist his leadership and the social policies he was developing.
Despite the Tories again standing down for him, Thomas was defeated by Labour in 1929.
He died in 1956 aged 81.
Wednesday, 7 November 2018
2082 Christmas Williams
Constituency : Wrexham 1924-9
The 1924 Parliament had been very difficult for the Liberals as the third party. As some had been elected in straight fights with Labour and some in straight fights with the Tories they were deeply divided about support for MacDonald's minority government. He did nothing to assist them and encouraged the adoption of Labour candidates in Liberal-held constituencies. The election of 1924 caught them unprepared and under-financed. Some historians have accused Lloyd George of deliberately engineering defeat by withholding funds from his war chest. If so, he certainly got what he wanted as the Liberals dropped to 46 seats and that included a number of "Constitutionalists" who jumped ship for the Tories when the scale of Liberal defeat became clear.
Amid the debacle, there were a handful of gains from Labour where the Tories withdrew whether or not the Liberal candidate adopted the Constitutionalist label. One example was Christmas who captured Wrexham after the Tory pulled out at the last minute.
Christmas was born on Christmas Day. He was the son of the manager of the Brymbo Steel Works. He was educated at Grove House School and Manchester University. He became an engineer, fitter and draughtsman and spent time in Canada and South Africa. He was a Congregationalist.
In Parliament Christmas's main interest was international trade. He was generally loyal to Lloyd George and supported him becoming leader.
In 1929 the Tories decided to stand in Wrexham and Christmas was defeated by Labour. He was adopted as candidate for Montgomeryshire when Clement Davies intended to step down in 1931 but withdrew gracefully when Davies changed his mind.
Christmas was a keen musician.
He died in 1965 aged 83.
Tuesday, 6 November 2018
2081 Frank Murrell
Constituency : Weston-super-mare 1923-4
Frank took Weston-super-mare from the Tories at the second attempt in a straight fight.
Frank was born in Tottenham but raised and educated in Weston-super-mare. He became a printer and paper merchant and held positions in trade organisations. He was a councillor in Barry. He described himself as an independent Liberal willing to work with either section in 1922 when he achieved a respectable vote in a straight contest.
Frank introduced a bill giving local joint industrial councils compulsory powers but it did not pass. The idea subsequently became party policy in the "Yellow Book".
Frank was defeated by more than the Labour vote in 1924.
He died in 1931 aged 57.
That concludes our look at the 1923 victors. There were no by-election winners in the 1923-4 Parliament other than Alfred Mond returning at Carmarthen so we must go straight to the 1924 winners.
Monday, 5 November 2018
2080 Arthur Hobhouse
Constituency : Wells 1923-4
Arthur took Wells from the Tories at the second attempt in a three cornered contest..
Arthur was the son of the former Liberal Unionist MP, Henry Hobhouse. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge where he reportedly had a homosexual relationship with John Maynard Keynes. He became a solicitor. He served in the British Expeditionary Force in World War One rising to the rank of captain. He later served on the Claims Commission. He then took up farming in Somerset. He came a good second in a three cornered contest in 1922.
Arthur's parliamentary contributions were mainly on agricultural questions.
Arthur lost by more than the Labour vote in 1924 but Labour stopped him recapturing it in 1929.
Arthur became a Somerset county councillor in 1925 and chaired the council from 1940 to 1947. In 1945 he was appointed to chair the National Parks Committee and the Hobhouse Report became the basis of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act of 1949 which established the first 10 National Parks.
Arthur was knighted in 1942. He held a number of other public appointments and was President of the Open Spaces Society in the 1950s.
Despite Arthur's homosexual liaisons in the past, he married and had five children.
He died in 1965 aged 78.
Sunday, 4 November 2018
2079 Hugh Moulton
Constituency : Salisbury 1923-4
Hugh took Salisbury from the Tories in a straight fight.
Hugh was the son of the former Liberal MP, Baron Moulton. He was a barrister. He served in the army and reached the rank of Major.
Hugh was defeated by more than the Labour vote in 1924.
He died in 1962 aged 85.
Saturday, 3 November 2018
2078 Piers Thompson
Constituency : Torquay 1923-4
Piers took Torquay from the Tories at the second attempt.
Piers was the son of an Anglican minister. He was educated at Winchester and Oxford. He served in World War One as a captain. He then went into publishing, eventually becoming a partner in his own firm. He cut the Tory majority in 1922.
Piers' only parliamentary speech was introducing an Access to Mountains Bill.
In 1924, Piers was defeated by more than the Labour vote.
Piers later moved to Kent and accepted an invitation to contest Sevenoaks in 1936 but by 1945 he had lost interest in standing.
Piers was on the executive of the Proportional Representation Society.
He died in 1969 aged 75.
Friday, 2 November 2018
2077 Leslie Hore-Belisha
Constituency : Plymouth Devonport 1923-45 ( from 1931 Liberal National, from 1942 National Independent )
Leslie took Devonport from the Tories at the second attempt in a three-cornered contest.
Leslie was the son of a Jewish insurance manager. He was educated at Clifton College and Oxford. He served in World War One reaching the rank of Major. He became a barrister and a journalist. He came a good second in 1922.
Leslie quickly made a reputation as a good speaker. He was on the right wing of the party and opposed co-operation with Labour.
Leslie held onto his seat against the odds in 1924 and strengthened his position in 1929. In 1931, after apparently toying with Mosley's New party, he allied with Simon , despite previous support for Lloyd George, and became a prominent Liberal National. He got 29 Liberal MPs to sign a memorial acquiescing in protectyion policies if deemed necessary. He crushed Labour in a straight fight that year. He became a junior minister at the Board of Trade and was promoted to Financial Secretary to the Treasury when Samuel's Liberals quit the government in 1932.
In 1934 Leslie became Minister of Transport . He made his name with the Road Traffic Act that year which introduced a speed limit of 30mph in built-up areas. He also re-wrote the Highway Code, introduced the driving test and, of course ,the Belisha beacon.
Leslie supported Edward VIII during the Abdication Crisis
In 1937, the incoming Neville Chamberlain promoted Leslie to Secretary of State for War which displeased anti-Semites in the Tory ranks. One MP Archibald Ramsay warned that he would "lead us to war with our blood-brothers of the Nordic race in order to make way for a Bolshevised Europe". At Chamberlain's prompting, Leslie followed the policy set by Liddell Hart of avoiding involvement in a continental land war and he was obliged to sack a number of generals who opposed him. He also sought to democratise the army and improve living conditions for soldiers .After the Munich crisis, he reversed this policy and began to build up a new territorial force. In March 1939 he introduced the Military Training Act which displeased Chamberlain who was still hoping to avoid war.
By 1940, Leslie's relations with General Gort, the commander of the B.E.F. had got so bad that Chamberlain was obliged to remove him. Gort's chief of staff recorded in his diary that the conflict was due to the contrast between "a great gentleman and an obscure, shallow-brained, charlatan, political Jewboy". The final conflict was over the slow rate of construction of pillboxes in France. Chamberlain was dissuaded from offering him Minister of Information by Halifax who said it was "inappropriate to have a Jew in charge of publicity" and Leslie refused to become president of the Board of Trade.
In 1942, Leslie resigned from the Liberal Nationals and sat as a National Independent. He briefly rejoined the government in 1945 as Minister for National Insurance. Despite neither the Tories nor the Liberal Nationals standing a candidate against him, he was defeated by Labour's Michael Foot in 1945.
Leslie then joined the Conservative party and was elected to Westminster City Council in 1945. He came second in Coventry South in 1950. In 1954 he became Baron Hore-Belisha.
Leslie was a humorous and engaging speaker and had considerable drive and energy. He was also nakedly ambitious, conceited and over-sensitive, once slapping a colleague for criticising his journalism. He also showed little consideration for the feelings of others.
In 1957 he suffered a fatal stroke while making a speech in Rheims and died aged 63.
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