Constituency : Hoxton 1910-18, Shoreditch
1918-22, Swindon 1929-31, 1934-5 ( Labour )
Christopher took Hoxton from the Tories.
Christopher was
a farmer's son from Lincolnshire. He
trained as a doctor at Sheffield
School of Medicine, St Bartholomew's
Hospital and the University of London.
He combined private practice with research
and lecturing. He became professor of anatomy
at the University College of Sheffield
in 1896. Christopher entered politics because
he was concerned about the effects of
poverty on health.
Christopher was
soon recruited by Lloyd George to champion
the National Insurance Bill both in
and out of Parliament and to try
and bring the British Medical Association
on board. In August 1914, he became a
minister in the Education department largely
working on children's health.
In 1915,
Christopher switched to the Ministry of
Munitions. He was the chief architect of
the policy of "war socialism", bringing
key sectors of the economy under
governmental control to maintain the
ammunition supply line. Lloyd George used
him to canvas support for conscription
in 1916. In July 1916 , he was promoted
to Minister of Munitions when Lloyd
George became Minister of War. He
mishandled an engineers' strike in the
department. through his tactlessness. He believed
Asquith to be an inadequate war
leader and started canvassing support for
Lloyd George taking over.
In 1917,
Christopher became a Minister Without
Portfolio with a brief to analyse the
post war situation and plan reconstruction,
including major social reforms. He also
looked into government accounting systems
saving an estimated £400 million.
In 1919,
Christopher took over as President of
the Local Government Board with the
go-ahead to turn it into the Ministry of
Health. He also supported Lloyd George's
call for fusion including joint whips
and a propaganda unit. He was fiercely
dismissive of Asquithian sectarianism at
Leamington in 1920. He was responsible for
the first Housing and Town Planning Act
in 1919 introducing a major scheme of
municipal housing. However this provoked an
outcry from the right wing press and
a supposed new party, the Anti-Waste
League, which was actually a vehicle for
diehard Tories to oppose Lloyd George
while the official party was in coalition
with him. The AWL ,made Christopher their
main proxy, attacking his housing schemes
as being profligate with public money. When
they won a handful of by-elections,.Lloyd
George bowed to Tory pressure and
removed him as Minister of Health in
1921 without seeing him personally first.
Christopher said it "sadly illumines
the defects of a great man's
character". He also attacked the
Tories for disloyalty.It was a clear
indication of Lloyd George's growing
weakness and also dismayed many of
his own supporters - and some Tories - that
he had jettisoned his most loyal adherent.
Christopher was made Minister without
Portfolio while Lloyd George worked out
what to do with him. Even then he
faced a motion criticising his salary.
Three months later, he resigned in protest
at the Cabinet decision to halt his
housing schemes and became a fierce
backbench critic of the government.
Christopher
defended his seat as a Liberal,
although he had little time for
Asquith, and faced a National Liberal
candidate, Ernest Price, who narrowly won
the seat over Labour , pushing Christopher
into third place in 1922.
Christopher
published a couple of books, The
Betrayal of the Slums and Practical
Socialism and supported Labour
candidates in 1923 and stood for them
in 1924 at Hammersmith South coming
a respectable second.. In 1929, he took
Swindon from the Conservatives. Macdonald made
him parliamentary secretary to the Ministry
of Agriculture under another ex-Liberal
Noel Buxton whom he succeeded in 1930.
He formed a close friendship with
Clement Attlee. Macdonald used also used
him as go-between when he had to
negotiate with Lloyd George.
In 1931,
Christopher lost his seat to the Tories. He
won it back briefly through a
by-election in 1934 but lost in 1935.
In 1937 , he was elevated to the
Lords as Baron Addison.In 1940 Attlee
appointed him leader in the Lords. He
was also involved in co-ordinating
agricultural supply during World War Two.
He was upgraded to a Viscount after
the war. He became a key member of
Attlee's government both in steering its
legislation through the Lords and as
Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
from 1945 to 1947 when Attlee
relieved him of the latter responsibility
as his health declined.
Christopher was
a dull and dry speaker but respected
for his energy.
He died in
1951 aged 82.
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