Wednesday, 31 January 2018
1810 Hastings Lees-Smith
Constituency : Northampton 1910-18, Keighley 1922-3, 1924-31,1935-41 ( Labour )
Hastings was the other Liberal victor at Northampton.
Hastings's father was an army major and he was born in India. He was educated at Aldenham School and Oxford. He became a lecturer in public administration at the London School of Economics. He also lectured in Bristol and Bombay. He was involved in Ruskin College but often in conflict with other tutors there over economic policy.
Hastings supported nationalisation of the railways, land reform and a minimum wage in some industries.
Hastings opposed British entry into the war and was one of the founders of the Union Of Democratic Control.
Hastings served in a territorial regiment as a corporal n 1915. He opposed conscription in 1916 whilst wearing his uniform in the Commons. He was wounded while carrying a stretcher. He was invalided out of the army in 1917. He read out Siegfried Sassoon's statement against the war in Parliament.
Hastings held aloof from Lloyd George. In 1918 he left Northampton to McCurdy and contested Don Valley where he came second to the NDP candidate. Although he had the support of the local Liberal Association he stood as an "Independent Radical".
In 1919 Hastings joined Labour and wrote a letter of support to Asquith's opponent in the 1920 Paisley by-election. He won Keighley for Labour in 1922. In 1923 the Tories stood down allowing him to be defeated by Robert Pilkington but he regained the seat in 1924.
Hastings was a front bencher noted for his contributions on banking ad the House of Lords. He became Postmaster -General in 1929 and briefly, President of the Board of Education in 1931. He was at odds with MacDonald over continued support for the capital levy which MacDonald regarded as an electoral liability. He was defeated by the Tories in 1931 but won the seat back in 1935.
In 1938 Hastings helped a number of German Jews emigrate by isssuing them with British passports.
Hastings was not invited into Churchill's coalition government and became token Leader of the Opposition and leader of the parliamentary Labour party.
Hastings published books on Indian economics and reform of the Lords
He died of influenza in 1941 aged 63.
Tuesday, 30 January 2018
1809 Charles McCurdy
Constituency : Northampton 1910-23
Charles was one of two new Liberals at Northampton, replacing Herbert Paul and John Shipman.
Charles was educated at Loughborough Grammar School and Cambridge. HE became a barrister. He stood for Winchester in 1906.
Charles does not seem to have received the coupon in 1918 but he defeated Lsbour in a straight fight. He was willing to support the government and was appointed parliamentary secretary to the Ministry of Food Control in 1919. He became Minister in 1920. When the Ministry was shut down in 1921 he became Chief Whip for the Coalition Liberals and took a tougher line with the Conservatives. He supported a Centre Party and told Lloyd George that a hundred Unionists would defect to it. Lloyd George believed he was in touch with the mood of the electorate and listened to much bad advice from him. Charles produced an historical exegesis showing that coaltion had been the predominant form of government since 1886. In 1922 he was convinced that the Coalition Liberals were on the way up despite all evidence to the contrary and provided Lloyd George with a stream of overconfident misinformation.
After the 1922 election Charles favoured Liberal reunion and had a hand in drawing up the 1923 manifesto.
Charles was defeated in 1923 when the Conservatives put up a candidate letting in Margaret Bondfield for Labour.
Charles became a propagandist for Beaverbrook's Empire Free Trade Schemes.
He died in 1941 aged 71.
Monday, 29 January 2018
1808 Lionel Rothschild
Constituency : Aylesbury 1910-12 ( Liberal Unionist ), 1912-23 ( Conservative )
Lionel took over from his cousin at Aylesbury.
Lionel was a member of the banking dynasty and was educated at Harrow and Cambridge.
Lionel was unopposed in December 1910 and 1918.
Lionel was involved in recruitment activities during World War One and received an O.B.E.
Lionel's main hobby was gardening and he collected specimens from all over the world. He was also a keen motorist and yachtsman.
Lionel stood down in 1923 and the seat was uncontested by a Rothschild for the first time since 1865.
He died in 1942 aged 60.
Saturday, 27 January 2018
1807 James Dawes
Constituency : Walworth 1910-18, Southwark South-East 1918-21
James took over from Charles O' Donnell at Walworth.
James was a solicitor's son. He was educated at Harrow and Oxford. He became a solicitor and joined his father's firm. He was the first Mayor of Southwark. He became a Progressive councillor in 1906.
James was on the Joint Committee looking at the Metropolitan Water Board Bill in 1911. From 1912 to 1914, he chaired the Insurance Committee for the County of London.
James joined the Royal Naval Reserve in 1914. He was engaged in minesweeping operations and rose to the rank of acting Commander.
James received the coupon in 1918.
James was a keen yachtsman.
He died in 1921 aged 55 just days after being chosen as Mayor of Dartmouth where he had a second home.
1806 Harold Glanville
Constituency : Bermondsey 1910-18, Bermondsey West 1918-22
Harold reversed the 1909 by-election defeat due to a Labour candidate splitting the vote.
Harold was an accountant's son from Bermondsey. He was educated at Deptford Grammar School. Harold worked for the post office and in his father's firm for a while before entering a business partnership with his father in mill furnishing. He became a Progressive councillor in 1898. He stood for Rotherhithe in 1892.
Harold was an inveterate rebel who often opposed Asquith's government.
Harold won the new seat of Bermondey West in 1918 against four challengers including a Coalition Liberal. He produced separate election addresses for male and female voters. Despite that, Harold was generally supportive of the government and did some work for them on claims and allowances arising form the First World War.
Harold stood down in 1922.
He died after a long illness in 1930.
Friday, 26 January 2018
1805 Joseph Martin
Constituency : St Pancras East 1910-18
Joseph took over from Hugh Lea at St Pancras East.
Joseph was born in Milton, Canada. He was educated at the University of Toronto. He went from being a telegraph operator to a headteacher to a barrister. He went into Canadian politics in 1883, first in Manitoba where he provoked the Manitoba Schools Question crisis which still fuels Quebecois separatism today. He acquired the nickname "Fighting Joe". He later had a stormy time in British Columbia and came to England when that went south in 1908.
In 1911, Joseph came off worst in a Commons exchange with Churchill over the grounding of a warship which Joseph had criticised.
By 1914, Joseph had alienated the local party and they wanted to be rid of him. They selected another candidate. Joseph threatened to contest a by-election as an independent Liberal- Labour candidate and they backed off. He failed to be elected mayor of Vancouver later that year.
In 1918, Joseph defected to Labour and was selected for Islington South. However, he did not stand when the election came round.
Joseph returned to Canada and stood in Vancouver as an Asiatic Exclusion League candidate, losing his deposit.
He died of diabetes in 1923, aged 71.
1804 Christopher Addison
Constituency : Hoxton 1910-18, Shoreditch
1918-22, Swindon 1929-31, 1934-5 ( Labour )
Christopher took Hoxton from the Tories.
Christopher was
a farmer's son from Lincolnshire. He
trained as a doctor at Sheffield
School of Medicine, St Bartholomew's
Hospital and the University of London.
He combined private practice with research
and lecturing. He became professor of anatomy
at the University College of Sheffield
in 1896. Christopher entered politics because
he was concerned about the effects of
poverty on health.
Christopher was
soon recruited by Lloyd George to champion
the National Insurance Bill both in
and out of Parliament and to try
and bring the British Medical Association
on board. In August 1914, he became a
minister in the Education department largely
working on children's health.
In 1915,
Christopher switched to the Ministry of
Munitions. He was the chief architect of
the policy of "war socialism", bringing
key sectors of the economy under
governmental control to maintain the
ammunition supply line. Lloyd George used
him to canvas support for conscription
in 1916. In July 1916 , he was promoted
to Minister of Munitions when Lloyd
George became Minister of War. He
mishandled an engineers' strike in the
department. through his tactlessness. He believed
Asquith to be an inadequate war
leader and started canvassing support for
Lloyd George taking over.
In 1917,
Christopher became a Minister Without
Portfolio with a brief to analyse the
post war situation and plan reconstruction,
including major social reforms. He also
looked into government accounting systems
saving an estimated £400 million.
In 1919,
Christopher took over as President of
the Local Government Board with the
go-ahead to turn it into the Ministry of
Health. He also supported Lloyd George's
call for fusion including joint whips
and a propaganda unit. He was fiercely
dismissive of Asquithian sectarianism at
Leamington in 1920. He was responsible for
the first Housing and Town Planning Act
in 1919 introducing a major scheme of
municipal housing. However this provoked an
outcry from the right wing press and
a supposed new party, the Anti-Waste
League, which was actually a vehicle for
diehard Tories to oppose Lloyd George
while the official party was in coalition
with him. The AWL ,made Christopher their
main proxy, attacking his housing schemes
as being profligate with public money. When
they won a handful of by-elections,.Lloyd
George bowed to Tory pressure and
removed him as Minister of Health in
1921 without seeing him personally first.
Christopher said it "sadly illumines
the defects of a great man's
character". He also attacked the
Tories for disloyalty.It was a clear
indication of Lloyd George's growing
weakness and also dismayed many of
his own supporters - and some Tories - that
he had jettisoned his most loyal adherent.
Christopher was made Minister without
Portfolio while Lloyd George worked out
what to do with him. Even then he
faced a motion criticising his salary.
Three months later, he resigned in protest
at the Cabinet decision to halt his
housing schemes and became a fierce
backbench critic of the government.
Christopher
defended his seat as a Liberal,
although he had little time for
Asquith, and faced a National Liberal
candidate, Ernest Price, who narrowly won
the seat over Labour , pushing Christopher
into third place in 1922.
Christopher
published a couple of books, The
Betrayal of the Slums and Practical
Socialism and supported Labour
candidates in 1923 and stood for them
in 1924 at Hammersmith South coming
a respectable second.. In 1929, he took
Swindon from the Conservatives. Macdonald made
him parliamentary secretary to the Ministry
of Agriculture under another ex-Liberal
Noel Buxton whom he succeeded in 1930.
He formed a close friendship with
Clement Attlee. Macdonald used also used
him as go-between when he had to
negotiate with Lloyd George.
In 1931,
Christopher lost his seat to the Tories. He
won it back briefly through a
by-election in 1934 but lost in 1935.
In 1937 , he was elevated to the
Lords as Baron Addison.In 1940 Attlee
appointed him leader in the Lords. He
was also involved in co-ordinating
agricultural supply during World War Two.
He was upgraded to a Viscount after
the war. He became a key member of
Attlee's government both in steering its
legislation through the Lords and as
Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
from 1945 to 1947 when Attlee
relieved him of the latter responsibility
as his health declined.
Christopher was
a dull and dry speaker but respected
for his energy.
He died in
1951 aged 82.
Wednesday, 24 January 2018
1803 Henry Chancellor
Constituency : Haggerston 1910-1918
Henry recovered the 1908 by-election gain of Haggerston from the Tories.
Henry was educated at Elmfield College, York. He ran a radical newspaper, The Londoner , from 1896 to 1899. He was a pacifist and a temperance advocate.
Henry was President of the English League for the Taxation of Land Values in 1910 and 1920.
Henry opposed conscription.
Henry favoured closer co-operation with the Labour party and helped found a Radical Committee.
In 1918, Henry's constituency was reorganised and he found himself up against Christopher Addison, one of Lloyd George's closest lieutenants. Naturally, he received the coupon and Henry came a bad fourth.
Henry remained active in the pacifist movement and was Honorary Secretary of the International Arbitration League in 1938.
He died in 1945 aged 81.
Tuesday, 23 January 2018
1802 Neil Primrose
Constituency : Wisbech 1910-17
Neil took over from Cecil Beck at Wisbech. He won by 200 votes despite the Conservatives' focus on his father's opposition to the People's Budget.
Neil was the second son of Lord Rosebery. He was educated at Eton and Oxford. He joined the army in 1909.
Neil was a member of the Anglo-American Peace Centenary Committee in 1913. He had a brief ministerial career as Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in 1915. In December 1916 Lloyd George appointed him joint chief whip which Neil accepted very reluctantly. He resigned four months later in order to return to active service.
In 1915 Neil was promoted to captain and awarded the Military Cross the following year.
Neil excelled at polo and steeplechase riding.
He died of wounds received during the Middle Eastern campaign in 1917
Sunday, 21 January 2018
1801 Francis McLaren
Constituency : Spalding 1910-17
Francis took over from Horace Mansfield at Spalding.At 23 he became the youngest Liberal in the House.
Francis was the son of the MP for Bosworth, Charles McLaren. He was educated at Eton and Oxford. He was known as Macauley to his friends.
Francis became PPS to Lewis Harcourt, serving until 1915.
Francis entered the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve in 1914. His main task was ferrying officers around in his Rolls Royce. He joined Josiah Wedgwood in the Armoured Car Division and served at Gallipoli. He contracted dysentery there. He switched to the Royal Flying Corps as a second lieutenant.
He died during a training flight in 1917 when his plane crashed into the sea off Montrose. In the Commons, Asquith, a family friend, described him as "a youth of radiant promise, still untarnished by disappointment, a man with clear and firm conviction". His son Martin later became a Conservative MP.
Saturday, 20 January 2018
1800 Sir Frederick Low
Constituency : Norwich 1910-15
Sir Frederick took over from Louis Tillett at Norwich. He topped the poll ahead of Labour's George Roberts.
Frederick was educated at Westminster School. He became a solicitor and then a barrister specialising in municipal law and licensing. He became Recorder of Ipswich in 1906 and was knighted three years later. He contested Salisbury in 1900 and Clapham in 1906.
In 1915 Frederick was appointed a judge and resigned his seat.
He died in 1917 aged 60.
Friday, 19 January 2018
1799 William Boyle
Constituency : Mid Norfolk 1910-12, 1912-18 (Conservative )
William took Mid-Norfolk from the Liberals at the third attempt. The previous MP , John Wodehouse had stepped down.
William's family were heavily involved in the military but he himself didn't serve.
William held on in December 1910 by 37 votes.
He died in 1918 aged 59.
Thursday, 18 January 2018
1798 Thomas Bowles
Constituency : King's Lynn 1892-1906 ( Conservative ), 1910
Thomas replaced the Liberal Unionist defector Carlyon Bellairs, who had stepped down.
Thomas was the illegitimate son of Thomas Milner Gibson who had been in Palmerston's Cabinet. His mother was a servant girl. He was educated in France and at Kings College London. His father supported him financially. He became a journalist , making his name with coverage of the Seige of Paris for the Morning Post . In 1868 he founded Vanity Fair and later The Lady He wrote the biographical notes that went with the famous caricatures in Vanity Fair under the pseudonym "Jehu Junior ".He was first elected to King's Lynn in 1892 as a Conservative. He fell out with his party over tariff reform and stood in the 1906 election as an Independent Conservative coming second and letting Bellairs in . The latter's subsequent defection while Thomas went the other way must have confused the voters.
Thomas was a strong supporter of naval expenditure.
Thomas lost the seat by 62 votes in December 1910.
In 1916, Thomas stood for Harborough as an Independent. He was really the candidate of the Northcliffe Press in their campaign against Asquith. the loca Unionists officially backed the Liberal candidate in line with the wartime truce but some local Tories campaigned for Thomas. The Liberals had an easy win.
Thomas was the maternal grandfather of the Mitford sisters. He had a number of illegitimate children himself.
He died in 1922, aged 81, in Spain and is buried in Gibraltar.
Wednesday, 17 January 2018
1797 Charles Horne
Constituency : Ipswich 1910-14
Charles took over from Felix Cobbold at Ipswich. He came in second to DAniel Goddard.
Charles was the son of a Congregationalist minister who later became a newspaper proprietor. He was educated at Adams' Grammar School, Glasgow University and Oxford. He became a Congregationalist minister. In 1895 he suffered a nervous breakdown but carried on when he recovered.He was a famed preacher - The British Weekly described him as "incomparably the best platform speaker among the young Free Church leaders" and wrote hymns which are still sung today.He toured the MIdlands by car in 1906 speaking on behalf of Liberal candidates.
In May 1910 , Charles became chairman of the Congregational Union. He donated to the Congo Reform Movement.
The December 1910 result in Ipswich was near- identical to the one in January.
Ironically,Charles never spoke in Parliament.
In Setember 1913 Charles resigned his pastorate.
Charles died while on holiday in Canada in 1914 aged 49. Lloyd George attended his memorial service. A community building was erected to his name in Church Stretton through a national subscription. His son Kenneth became a famous radio comedian.
Tuesday, 16 January 2018
1796 Thomas Wing
Constituency : Grimsby 1910, Houghton-le-Spring 1913-18
Thomas unseated the Liberal Unionist defector George Doughty, helped by the absence of a Labour candidate.
Thomas was born in Hull and started work as an errand boy.
Thomas went on a fishing expedition to the Faroes with some of his constituents in 1910.
Doughty reversed the result in December 1910.
In 1913, Thomas returned to Parliament at the Houghton-le-Spring by-election replacing the deceased Robert Cameron.
In 1918, the coupon was awarded to an NDP candidate. Thomas came second to the victorious Labour candidate.
In 1920, Thomas contested the Dartford by-election. He came a very distant second to Labour in a seat previously held by a Coalition Liberal.
In 1922, Thomas contested Spennymoor, a seat previously held by Liberal Samuel Galbraith.
Thomas went back to Grimsby in 1924 but came a poor third. He returned to Houghton-le-Spring in 1929 and came a distant second.
He died in 1935 aged 81.
Monday, 15 January 2018
1795 George Bentham
Constituency : Gainsborough 1910-18
George took over at Gainsborough after the Liberal Unionist defector Leslie Renton abandoned the seat.
George was from Hull and privately educated. He changed his surname from Jackson by special licence. He was managing director of a firm of food merchants. He sat on Hull Citu Council from 1892 until his election.He contested Hull Central in 1906.
In 1918 George was defeated by a couponed Conservative.
He died in 1929 aged 66.
Sunday, 14 January 2018
1794 Sir Alfred Gelder
Constituency : Brigg 1910-18
Alfred reversed the 1907 by-election defeat at Brigg.
Alfred was the son of a joiner who later became a timber merchant. He started out as an apprentice to his father but later decided to become an architect. He established the practice of Gelder and Kitchen in Hull. He was largely responsible for the transformation of Hull into a modern city, clearing slums and erected public buildings. He was an expert in building flour mills and Methodist chapels. He was elected to Hull City Council in 1895. He was mayor of Hull from 1899 to 1903.He was a Methodist.
In 1918, Alfred came third behind a couponed Conservative and Labour.
Alfred later became an independent alderman respected by all parties.
He died in 1941 aged 86.
Saturday, 13 January 2018
1793 George Lloyd
Constituency : Staffordshire West 1910-12 ( Liberal Unionist ), 1912-18, Eastbourne 1924-5 ( Conservative )
George unseated Henry McLaren at West Staffordshire.
George's grandfather had been a Conservative MP. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge where he was cox in two Boat Races. He joined the family firm of steel tube manufacturers. He signed up to Joseph Chamberlain's tariff reform campaign. In 1905 he began working in the Near East for the foreign office on an unofficial basis at first. His reports led to a more conventional commission. He held business directorships.
George's maiden speech in 1910 was in favour of tariff reform.
Once a Conservative, George became a "diehard". He pressed for an early declaration of war against Germany and served from the start. He took part in the Gallipoli campaign , visited Petrograd on a special mission and then was active in the Middle East. He became a captain and won the DSO.
George didn't like the coalition with Lloyd George and with Edward Wood ( later Lord Halifax ) wrote The Great Opportunity in 1918 setting out an alternative manifesto calling for devolution and industrial renewal.
George stood down in 1918 to become Governor of Bombay. He arrested Gandhi and had him jailed for sedition. He completed his term in 1923.
George returned to Parliament for Eastbourne in 1924. The following year he was created Baron Lloyd and appointed High Commissioner for Egypt. He was a shrewd operator but alienated many with his love of ostentation and autocratic behaviour .He served until 1929 when Arthur Henderson forced his resignation.
In the thirties George worked with Churchill against Indian home rule and supported rearmament before Hitler even came to power. In 1937, he became chairman of the British Council. He trained as a military pilot but never saw action.
In 1940 Churchill appointed George as Under Secretary of State for the Colonies and shortly afterwards, Leader of the House of Lords. He was a proponent of the London Central Mosque.
George married and had children but was thought to be homosexual.
He died of leukaemia in 1941 aged 61.
Friday, 12 January 2018
1792 Eliot Crawshay-Williams
Constituency :Leicester 1910-13
Eliot took over from Franklin Thomasson as Ramsay MacDonald's colleague at Leicester. He topped the poll ( and did so in December ).
Eliot was the son of the former South Glamorgan MP Arthur Williams. He was educated at Eton and Oxford. He was a lieutenant in the Royal Field Artillery and served in India. He worked for Churchill at the Colonial Office from 1906 to 1908. He stood for Chorley in 1906.
Eliot was appointed PPS to Lloyd George. He resigned in 1913 after being named in a divorce case by fellow MP Hubert Carr-Gomm. Two years later he was divorced and married Carr-Gomm's ex-wife.
Eliot supported proportional representation, female suffrage and nationalisation of the railways.
Eliot served in Egypt and Palestine during World War One. From 1918 to 1920 he worked at the offices of the Northern Command in Egypt. He considered joining the Labour party in 1918 in order to make a comeback but further legal proceedings put paid to the idea.
Eliot later turned to writing and wrote the screen play for Service for Ladies ( 1932 ) as well as plays and novels.
In World War Two, Eliot was Chief Civil Defence Officer in a Welsh village. Nevertheless he wrote to Churchill in 1940 advocating a negotiated peace with Hitler "using our nuisance value while we have one to get the best peace terms available". Churchill's reply was "I am ashamed of you for writing such a letter".
He died in 1962 aged 82.
Thursday, 11 January 2018
1791 John Lyttleton
Constituency : Droitwich 1910-12 ( Liberal Unionist ), 1912-16 ( Conservative )
John unseated Cecil Harmsworth at Droitwich by 105 votes.
John was the son and heir of Viscount Cobham. He was educated at Eton. He was a fine cricketer who played for Worcestershire. John joined the army and served in the Boer War. From 1905 to 1908 he was aide-de-camp to the High Commissioner in South Africa.
John held on by 72 votes in December 1910.
In World War One John served at Gallipoli and during the Middle East campaign, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel.
John resigned his seat in 1916
John succeeded his father in 1922. He became under-secretary of state for war in Chamberlain's government between 1939 and 1940.
He died in 1949 aged 67.
Wednesday, 10 January 2018
1790 Arnold Rowntree
Constituency : York 1910-18
Arnold took over from Hamar Greenwood at York. He topped the poll with Greenwood pushed into third place by one of the Tory candidates.
Arnold was a scion of the famous chocolate manufacturing dynasty. He was educated at a Quaker school in York. He entered the family firm in 1891. He was Honorary Secretary of the National Adult School Council and chairman of the Educational Settlements Association . Besides being a director in the family firm and was also involved in several newspapers. In 1907 he founded the Nation weekly.
Arnold was a radical who pressurised the government to pursue a New Liberal agenda.
In December both Arnold and the Tory were returned unopposed.
Arnold was a Quaker pacifist who opposed Britain entering World War One. He initially joined the Union of Democratic Control but left under pressure from the Liberal hierarchy.
He was instrumental in setting u the Friends Ambulance Unit. He worked with Edmund Harvey on the conscience clause in the Military Service Act of 1916 and took up the cause of the Richmond Sixteen who were conscientious objectors. He succeeded in having their death sentences commuted.
In 1918 the seat was reduced to one member and the Tory held it with a massive majority after receiving the coupon.
Arnold was one of the original directors of the Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust and chaired it from 1925 to 1938.
Arnold was a reserved humourless man who acted out of public duty.
He died in 1951 aged 78 having been in poor health since 1944.
Tuesday, 9 January 2018
1789 Gerald Ogden
Constituency : Pudsey 1910-18
Frederick reversed the Tories' by-election gain of 1908 ( due to the intervention of an Independent Labour candidate ).
Frederick was from Leeds and owned a boot factory. He was chairman of the city council's waterworks committee. He was a Methodist lay preacher.
Frederick's maiden speech argued against the huge increase in the naval estimates for 1910.
Frederick stood down in 1918. In 1929 he stood in Bradford South and came second.
He died in 1933 aged 61.
Monday, 8 January 2018
1788 Gerald France
Constituency : Morley 1910-18, Morley and Batley 1918-22
Gerald took over from Alfred Hutton at Morley.
Gerald was the son of a businessman from Tyneside. He was educated at a Methodist boarding school. He himself went into business as an importer and was also involved in tin printing. He was a member of Northumberland County Council.
Gerald was unopposed in December 1910.
In 1912 Gerald moved an amendment to the Welsh Disestablishment Bill.
Gerald was a lieutenant in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve during World War One. In 1916 he became PPS to Runciman at the Board of Trade.
Gerald received the coupon and beat Labour in the new seat of Batley and Morley though not by all that much to say there was no Unionist candidate in the field. He protested at the Coalition decision to oppose Simon at Spen Valley in 1919 He opposed anti-dumping legislation. He stood down in 1922.
Gerald was sometime President of the National Commercial Temperance League and he was also on the national executive committee of the boys' brigade.
He died in 1935 shortly after returning from Tenerife, aged 64.
Sunday, 7 January 2018
1787 Edmund Harvey
Constituency : Leeds West 1910-18, Dewsbury 1923-4, Combined English Universities 1937-45 ( as Independent Progressive )
Edmund took over from Herbert Gladstone at Leeds West.
Edmund was the son of a teacher and art collector in the city. He was educated at Bootham School and Oxford. He also studied in Berlin and Paris. He worked as an assistant at the British Museum from 1900 to 1904.He became involved with the settlement movement and was Deputy Warden then Warden at Toynbee Hall from 1904 to 1911. He was a Progressive councillor in London from 1904 to 1907 then served on Stepney Borough Council from 1909 to 1911. He was a Quaker.
Edmund was a member of the standing committee on Boy Labour in the Post Office. He acted as PPS to Ellis Ellis-Griffith at the Home Office then to Masterman as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. He resigned the post on the outbreak of World War One.
Edmund found it very difficult to support the government and maintain his religious principles. He worked for the War Victims' Relief Committee in France. He and Arnold Rowntree helped draft the section of the Military Service Act 1916 that allowed the government to direct conscientious objectors to work of national importance. They were accused of arrogating to themselves the right to speak for all Quakers. Edmund then sat on the Pelham Committee which directed what work the objectors should do.
Edmund wisely decided not to stand in 1918. He stood for Dewsbury in 1922 and came second as Labour took the seat. He won in 1923 when the Tories didn't put up a candidate but came third in 1924 when Labour reclaimed the seat. In 1929 he stood for Leeds North but came third once more.
Edmund presented a petition against capital punishment in 1924.
Edmund represented Yorkshire on the National Liberal Federation.
In 1937 Edmund stood for the Combined English Universities seat in a by-election. He stood as an Independent Progressive saying university contests should be about ideas not party politics. The Conservatives put a candidate up against him and there was an Independent Liberal in the field. Archibald Sinclair sent him a telegram of congratulations on his victory.
Edmund was chairman of the National Loan Collection Trust. He wrote many religious tracts for the Quakers.
Edmund stood down in 1945.
He died in 1955 aged 80.
Saturday, 6 January 2018
1786 Charles Leach
Constituency : Colne Valley 1910-16
Charles reversed the 1907 by-election result which brought the independent Labour MP Victor Grayson into Parliament. Grayson finished bottom of the poll.
Charles was born to a poor family near Halifax. He went into a mill at eight then became an apprentice shoemaker. At 19 he set up his own boot and shoe business. He then became a Methodist lay preacher and subsequently an ordained minister in 1877. He ran a chapel in Birmingham but moved to London and became a Congregationalist after the Liberal Unionist split in 1886. In 1894 he joined the I.L.P. but his chapel didn't like it and forced him to resign. In 1897 he went to Manchester and became involved in the passive resistance to the 1902 Education Act. In 1904 he moved to a chapel in London. Charles wrote a number of religious books. He also worked for Thomas Cook, taking parties to Jerusalem in time for Easter. With his background he was thought to be the ideal candidate to unseat Grayson and was selected in 1908.
Charles supported female suffrage but disapproved of militant tactics. In 1911 he introduced a private members Trade Union Bill to tackle the Osborne judgment. He was also a temperance campaigner.
In 1914 Charles was appointed a chaplain to the Armed Forces, visiting the wounded in London hospitals. The strain of this task at 67 proved too much and he entered Northumberland House, a private lunatic asylum suffering from dementia in 1915. After eight months he was declared of unsound mind and deprived of his seat under the Lunacy ( Vacating of Seats ) Act, the only time those provisions were ever used.
He died in 1919 aged 72.
Friday, 5 January 2018
1785 Spencer Hughes
Constituency : Stockport 1910-20
Spencer took over from James Duckworth at Stockport, coming in second behind Labour's George Wardle.
Spencer was the son of a Wesleyan minister. He started work as an engineer but soon switched to journalism. He wrote a regular column for The Morning Leader and built up a reputation as a political commentator known as S.L.H. He was vice-chair of the Institute of Journalists. He contested the Jarrow by-election in 1907 but came third after the Irish Parliamentary Party stood a candidate and Labour won the seat. He had similar problems in Bermondsey in 1909. He was chosen ahead of a local radical Alfred Salter who consequently stood as a Labour candidate and allowed the Tory to take the seat.
Spencer's maiden speech was an astute summation of the constitutional crisis
Spencer got ahead of Wardle to top the poll in December. Both men were returned unopposed as government supporters in 1918 though only Spencer received the coupon.
Spencer voted for conscription in 1915.
Spencer never held government office but was well-liked for his wit and way with words. Lloyd George described one intervention as "extraordinarily brilliant". He was a much in demand after dinner speaker. Despite this he only made 12 interventions in the Commons.
He died in 1920 after suffering a stroke at a speaking engagement in Lancashire, aged 61.
Thursday, 4 January 2018
1784 Andrew Barton
Constituency : Oldham 1910-22
Andrew took over from John Bright at Oldham, coming in second behind Alfred Emmott.
Andrew was the son of a mining engineer from Hamilton. He was a Presbyterian. He was educated at Glasgow High School and University of Glasgow. He set up his own calico printing business in Manchester. He was a director of the Manchester Athenaeum. He was a Manchester City councillor between 1906 and 1909.
Andrew held his seat in December 1910.
Andrew called for the raising of the purchase of alcohol age to eighteen in 1918.
Andrew was a committed supporter of female suffrage and fell out with his local party over their refusal to admit Liberal women in his entourage to a meeting at which Asquith was speaking in 1913.
Andrew supported Lloyd George when he became Prime Minister. He received a knighthood in 1917 and the coupon in 1918 . He was elected alongside a couponed Tory. The former Liberal whip Walter Rea came fourth.
Andrew was heckled at a National Liberal Federation meeting in 1919.
Andrew became disillusioned with the Coalition but hesitated to recommit to Asquith " who seems to me in misfortune". In 1922 though , he abandoned Oldham and stood unsuccessfully for Manchester Exchange where he came in a respectable second.
He died in 1957 aged 94.
Wednesday, 3 January 2018
1783 Max Muspratt
Constituency : Liverpool Exchange 1910
Max took over from Richard Cherry at Liverpool Exchange.
Max was the son of a chemical manufacturer. He was educated at Clifton College and Zurich Polytechnic. He worked in the family firm, United Alkali , becoming a director in 1901 and chairman in 1914. He was elected to Liverpool City Council in 1904.
Max was defeated in December and in the Bootle by-election of 1911 he lost out to Bonar Law.
Max was Lord Mayor of Liverpool from 1916 to 1917. He was an advisor to the Ministry of Munitions and worked in the Trench Warfare Department.
In 1922 Max was created a baronet.
Max was the first chairman of ICI when it was founded in 1926. That same year, he joined the Conservative party.
He died after surgery in 1934 aged 62.
Tuesday, 2 January 2018
1782 Peter Raffan
Constituency : Leigh 1910-22, Edinburgh North 1923-4
Peter took over from John Brunner at Leigh. He came through a three cornered contest with Labour standing a candidate in the mining constituency.
Peter was chair of Monmouthshire County Council. He was a Congregationalist.
Peter became secretary of the Land Values Group in the Commons as a supporter of Henry George. He supported female suffrage, Welsh disestablishment and temperance.
Peter received the coupon by mistake in 1918 and defeated Labour in a two cornered contest. He attended the first "Wee Free" meeting in 1919.
Peter was defeated at Ayr Burghs in 1922 but returned for Edinburgh North in 1923. He was defeated in 1924.
He died in 1940 aged 77.
Monday, 1 January 2018
1781 Harold Cawley
Constituency : Heywood 1910-15
Harold took over from Edward Holden at Heywood.
Harold was the son of the MP for Prestwich , Frederick Cawley. He was educated at Rugby and Oxford. He became a barrister.
Harold's maiden speech was a long one in defence of the naval estimates. He had a rather reserved manner but was regarded as talented and much liked. He had a damaged arm but was noted by Masterman as a fearless rider.
In 1910 Harold became PPS to Runciman at Education and then to McKenna at the Home Office.
In 1914 Harold joined the army as a captain and became aide-de-camp to Major-General William Douglas. In 1915 he was involved in the Dardanelles Campaign and wrote a letter to his father criticising the organisation of the campaign. He described Douglas thus :
"He has a third-rate brain, no capacity to grasp the lie of the land , and no originality or ingenuity...He has been in the trenches three times since he landed, hurried visits on which he saw next to nothing... He is always thinking of himself, his food, his promotion, his health".
He volunteered for active duty after seeing his battalion suffer heavy losses and was killed by a sniper while defending a crater at Gallipoli in September 1915. He was 37.
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