Monday, 31 December 2012
6. Alexander Matheson
Constituency : Inverness Burghs 1847-68 Ross and Cromarty 1868-84
Alexander was Sir James Matheson's nephew and a partner in Jardine Matheson and Company. He was quite bullish about the firm's opium dealings and role in the First Opium War and became a senior partner in the firm shortly before Jardine's death. He also converted Jardine's bank into Matheson & Co, London and became a senior partner
He was responsible for substantially redeveloping parts of Inverness and streets were named for members of his family. He was also a great supporter of the Highland Railway and an influence on its extension. He switched to Ross and Cromarty on his uncle's retirement and held it until his own retirement in 1884. He died two years later.
His second wife Lavinia accidentally drowned in Loch Duich in 1855. In 1882 he was made a baronet.
Sunday, 30 December 2012
5, Sir James Matheson
Constituency : Ashburton 1843-7, Ross and Cromarty 1847-68
Sir James was another Scottish landowner but something of an arriviste, his father being a trader in India. Matheson made his fortune through his partnership with William Jardine in the shipping firm Jardine, Matheson and Company . They were based in Canton and well placed to benefit from the end of the East India Company's monopoly of Anglo-Chinese trade. They cannot escape the opprobrium for encouraging the opium trade. James was sent to England to persuade the government to declare war on China but got no joy out of Wellington. In 1839 Jardine had more luck with Palmerston and the First Opium War was the result.
In 1841 Jardine became Whig MP for Ashburton but died two years later and James replaced him in the by-election. The following year he bought the whole of Lewis for over half a million pounds and built himself Lewis Castle near Stornoway. He then began a philanthropic campaign improving roads and drainage which was extended to provide relief during the Highland Potato Famine in the late 40s. He also assisted a number of islanders to emigrate voluntarily. He was rewarded with a baronetcy in 1851.
For the 1847 election he switched seats to the more convenient Ross and Cromarty. His background in the opium trade was not forgotten and he was referred to as the "Member for Opium" in the Press. This inhibited him from speaking in the censure debate which brought down Palmerston's first government in 1857. He stood down for his nehew in 1868.
He died in southern France in 1878.
Friday, 28 December 2012
4. Samuel Laing
Constituency : Wick Burghs 1852-7, 1859-60, 1865-8 Orkney and Shetland 1873-85
Samuel was a more considerable figure than those we've previously discussed. The Laing family were Orkney landowners and his grandfather Malcolm had been MP for Orkney and Shetland from 1807-12. His father Samuel had been a party to the electoral pact of 1818 but had frequently threatened to upset the applecart by standing himself as a more enthusiastic supporter of electoral reform.
Samuel was a barrister from Cambridge who entered politics as private secretary to the President of Board of Trade Henry Labouchere from 1839-41. Despite the change to a Tory administration he was appointed to the railway department in 1842 and quickly became an expert on railway matters. This in turn led to him becoming the chairman and managing director of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway in 1847. His success there led on to chairmanship of the Crystal Palace Company in 1852 the same year he became an MP.
In the General Election of 1852 he defeated a fellow Whig James Loch who'd sat for 20 years. He was associated with the "Peace Party " and in 1857 was turned out by Lord John Hay for opposing British intervention in China but regained the seat in 1859. Palmerston made him Financial Secretary to the Treasury but he resigned the post and his seat a year later to become finance minister in India where he pursued a policy of deficit reduction on Palmerston's instructions. He was back to reclaim the seat in 1865 but the Reform issue caused him problems and he was defeated by George Loch in 1868. He returned to Parliament in 1873 this time for Orkney and Shetland in the by-election following the death of Frederick Dundas. His majority over a rival Liberal was just 25 but he held the seat until retiring in 1885.
Laing was a noted member of Lowe's Adullamite faction and an effective opponent of Russell's bill. His involvement was widely seen as a reaction to not being offered a post by Russell. He attempted to persuade his constituents that he opposed it on not having gone far enough but The Scotsman was having none of it saying there was "no excusing or tolerating the same man reappearing before his constituents as a Radical". He later had his amendment to Disraeli's bill setting out the terms of redistribution accepted.
He was also mildly critical of Gladstone's anti-imperialist policies in his tract "England's Foreign Policy"
In the last dozen years of his life Laing became a noted author on the conflicts between science and religion : his Modern Science And Modern Thought (1885) was a popular book. In A Modern Zoroastrian (1887) he posited that Zoroastrianism was more compatible with scientific discoveries than Christianity.
He died aged 86 in 1897 and is buried in Brighton.
Thursday, 27 December 2012
3. George Leveson-Gower (Marquess of Stafford)
Constituency : Sutherland 1852-61
George was heir to the Duke of Sutherland, both his father and grandfather attracting notoriety for their role in the Highland Clearances. His grandfather was reckoned the richest landowner in Britain. His mother Harriet was a friend of Gladstone's and did much to smooth his path into aristocratic society.
He resigned his seat on becoming the third duke and thereafter rarely dabbled in politics despite his close association with Gladstone. In 1870 his first wife Alice accepted the post of Mistress of the Robes with reluctance although she remained friends with Queen Victoria for the rest of her life. George was a major figure in society as duke and accompanied Prince Edward to India in 1876. He hosted Garibaldi's visit to London in 1864
George was a noted philanthropist and imperialist. He established the Stafford House Committee to provide humanitarian aid to Turkish soldiers in the Russo-Turkish War ( something which could hardly have pleased Gladstone ).In 1878 he openly attacked Gladstone's pro-Russian position in a speech at St James's Hall which apparently distressed the Liberal leader. Despite these differences he did not join the Liberal Unionists.
George later spent a great deal of time in America with a mistress Mary Blair and caused a scandal in 1889 when he married her just three months after his wife's death.
His son and heir Cromartie was a later MP for the seat.
George died in 1892.
Wednesday, 26 December 2012
2. George Traill
Constituency : Orkney and Shetland 1830-5, Caithness 1841-69
George was a lawyer and son of a party to the Orkney electoral pact of 1818 ( see previous post ). This led to his election, unopposed as the constituency's MP in 1830 . He supported the Reform cause and anti-slavery and tried unsuccessfully to get separate representation for Orkney and Shetland. He was turned out by the Tory Balfour in 1835 and observing the pact , made way for Frederick Dundas to win the seat back in 1837.
With family interests there George had contemplated standing for Caithness before and stood unsuccessfully in 1837. He won it against the trend in 1841. He was usually unopposed thereafter. He resigned the seat on health grounds in 1869 and died two years later, a lifelong bachelor.
He is not recorded as having spoken in Parliament. He missed the vote that brought down Russell's government in 1866 through ill health.
George was a lawyer and son of a party to the Orkney electoral pact of 1818 ( see previous post ). This led to his election, unopposed as the constituency's MP in 1830 . He supported the Reform cause and anti-slavery and tried unsuccessfully to get separate representation for Orkney and Shetland. He was turned out by the Tory Balfour in 1835 and observing the pact , made way for Frederick Dundas to win the seat back in 1837.
With family interests there George had contemplated standing for Caithness before and stood unsuccessfully in 1837. He won it against the trend in 1841. He was usually unopposed thereafter. He resigned the seat on health grounds in 1869 and died two years later, a lifelong bachelor.
He is not recorded as having spoken in Parliament. He missed the vote that brought down Russell's government in 1866 through ill health.
Monday, 24 December 2012
1. Frederick Dundas
Constituency : Orkney and Shetland 1837-1847, 1852-72
We start very appropriately with the first Liberal MP for the safest Liberal seat in the UK which has only been out of Liberal hands for 15 years (1935 to 1950).
Frederick was a very typical Whig MP, a younger scion of an aristocratic Scottish family. He was born in 1802 during his father's seven year tenure as MP for Malton in Yorkshire. His mother was a daughter of the Duke of St Alban's. The Dundas family were party to an electoral pact with local independent proprietors against the dominant interest of Lord Armadale. The idea was that the seat would change hands at every election between a Dundas ( or nominee of the same ) and a proprietor candidate.
He re-captured the seat from the Tory Thomas Balfour who had taken it in 1835. He lost it to a Radical , Arthur Anderson in 1847 who claimed Dundas's election committee supported greater rights for Catholic priests in Ireland. Dundas regained the seat at the next election and thereafter held it until his death.
The Lord Lieutenantcy of Orkney and Shetland had been held in the family since 1794 and Frederick held it from 1866 until his death.
Frederick does not seem to have been very active in the House. He is recorded as having only spoken on three occasions, in a debate about distress in Scotland in 1847 and then twice on the treatment of lunatics in Scotland ten years later.
He is buried at St Andrew's Parish Church in Hove.
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