Wednesday, 28 February 2018
1838 Ian Macpherson
Constituency : Ross and Cromarty 1911-35 ( from 1931 Liberal National )
Ian took over at Ross and Cromarty following the death of James Weir.
Ian was educated at the University and became a barrister.
Ian introduced a Scottish Home Rule Bill in 1914.
Ian supported Lloyd George in 1916 and became Under Secretary of State for War in 1916. He was promoted to Deputy Secretary in 1918 and in 1919 took over from Edward Shortt was Chief Secretary for Ireland. As a Scottish Presbyterian, Ian was contemptuous of Sinn Fein and took a hard line against them in Ireland. He declared the Dail illegal and became dissatisfied with Lloyd George's lack of support for his hardline policy. At the beginning of 1920 his car was attacked in Dublin .In April, he resigned his post after introducing the Government of Ireland Bill and became Minister of Pensions.
Lloyd George suspected Ian of leaking the full details of a fusion meeting to the press in 1920.
Ian saw off a Highland Land League candidate in 1918 and an Asquithian Liberal in 1922. He was unopposed in 1923 and 1924. Labour started contesting the constituency in 1929. In 1931 he was unopposed as a Liberal National. He saw off Labour in those colours in 1935
Ian was created a baronet in 1933.
Shortly after his re-election in 1935 Ian was elevated to the peerage as Baron Strathcarron. A National Labour candidate was elected at the by-election.
He died in 1937 aged 57.
Tuesday, 27 February 2018
1837 Henry Webb
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Constituency : Forest of Dean 1911-18, Cardiff East 1923-4
The 1910-18 Parliament was a long and epochal one. At the end of it, the world was utterly transformed and the political situation reflected that. It began with the Liberals crushing the House of Lords with the help of the king's reluctant promise to create the necessary number of new peers. They then moved on to their last major social reform with the introduction of national insurance. Then came the long battle over Home Rule. With Asquith reliant on Irish support, the Commons passed the necessary Bill ; the Lords rejected it but now they could only delay it for three years. As the deadline came nearer the Tories helped foment the possibility of civil war over Ulster. That was only averted by the onset of a world war. This was an unmitigated disaster for the Liberals. Some pacifist MPs peeled off and went into opposition from the start .Then, Asquith was forced to admit the Tories into a coalition in 1915. The following year, the introduction of conscription led to further convulsions in the Liberal ranks and at the end of the year a series of political manoeuvres, still the subject of much debate by historians led to Asquith's replacement by Lloyd George. Asquith refused the Lord Chancellorship and took his loyalists into a quasi-opposition role leaving Lloyd George dependent on Tory support. He steered Britain to a victory but at the cost of a calamitous split in his party.
On the Unionist side, a third electoral defeat spelt the end for Balfour. The outstanding parliamentarian on that side of the House was Austen Chamberlain but as ( effective ) leader of the junior party he was opposed by a significant number of Tories and the less experienced Bonar Law became Leader of the Opposition. That was a factor in the Liberal Unionists throwing in the towel in 1912 and formally merging with their Conservative allies. After 26 years the breakaway party was at an end.
Henry took over from the deceased veteran Sir Charles Dilke at Forest of Dean.
Henry was educated at Lausanne and Paris and became a mining engineer. He was director of a number of collieries in South Wales.
Henry was a junior whip from 1912 to 1915.
During World War One he raised and commanded two regiments. He was created a baronet in 1916 and rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel.
Henry received the coupon in 1918 but was quite comfortably defeated by Labour.
Henry contested Cardiff East in 1922 as an Asquithian, coming second. He won the seat in 1923 then stood down in 1924.
He died in 1940 aged 74.
Constituency : Forest of Dean 1911-18, Cardiff East 1923-4
The 1910-18 Parliament was a long and epochal one. At the end of it, the world was utterly transformed and the political situation reflected that. It began with the Liberals crushing the House of Lords with the help of the king's reluctant promise to create the necessary number of new peers. They then moved on to their last major social reform with the introduction of national insurance. Then came the long battle over Home Rule. With Asquith reliant on Irish support, the Commons passed the necessary Bill ; the Lords rejected it but now they could only delay it for three years. As the deadline came nearer the Tories helped foment the possibility of civil war over Ulster. That was only averted by the onset of a world war. This was an unmitigated disaster for the Liberals. Some pacifist MPs peeled off and went into opposition from the start .Then, Asquith was forced to admit the Tories into a coalition in 1915. The following year, the introduction of conscription led to further convulsions in the Liberal ranks and at the end of the year a series of political manoeuvres, still the subject of much debate by historians led to Asquith's replacement by Lloyd George. Asquith refused the Lord Chancellorship and took his loyalists into a quasi-opposition role leaving Lloyd George dependent on Tory support. He steered Britain to a victory but at the cost of a calamitous split in his party.
On the Unionist side, a third electoral defeat spelt the end for Balfour. The outstanding parliamentarian on that side of the House was Austen Chamberlain but as ( effective ) leader of the junior party he was opposed by a significant number of Tories and the less experienced Bonar Law became Leader of the Opposition. That was a factor in the Liberal Unionists throwing in the towel in 1912 and formally merging with their Conservative allies. After 26 years the breakaway party was at an end.
Henry took over from the deceased veteran Sir Charles Dilke at Forest of Dean.
Henry was educated at Lausanne and Paris and became a mining engineer. He was director of a number of collieries in South Wales.
Henry was a junior whip from 1912 to 1915.
During World War One he raised and commanded two regiments. He was created a baronet in 1916 and rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel.
Henry received the coupon in 1918 but was quite comfortably defeated by Labour.
Henry contested Cardiff East in 1922 as an Asquithian, coming second. He won the seat in 1923 then stood down in 1924.
He died in 1940 aged 74.
Monday, 26 February 2018
1836 Harold St Maur
Constituency : Exeter 1910-11
Harold took Exeter from the Tories at the second attempt by just 4 votes.
Harold was the illegitimate son of Earl St Maur and a grandson of the Duke of Somerset. He inherited a property from his grandfather in 1885 .His mother was a maid. He was educated at Wellington College and Sandhurst and joined the army. He served in the Boer War. He was a local councillor and master of the South Devon Foxhounds.
The Tories petitioned against Harold's election. It took two judges seven days to declare the Tory the winner by a single vote.
Harold served in World War One at Gallipoli , in the Middle East and as a liaison officer in France.He reached the rank of lieutenant-colonel.
In 1925 Harold tried to claim the Dukedom of Somerset offering rewards to anyone who could produce proof that his parents were married.
Harold wrote a highly-regarded genealogical work Annals of the Seymours .
He died in Kenya in 1927 aged 57.
That concludes our look at the victors of December 1910. We now look at the by-election victors of the 1910-18 Parliament.
Sunday, 25 February 2018
1835 Richard Lambert
Constituency : Cricklade 1910-18
Richard unseated the Liberal Unionist Thomas Calley by 128 votes.
Richard was a vicar's son from Bradford on Avon. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and Cambridge. He travelled widely and became a barrister. He stood for Sheffield Ecclesall in 1906, Sheffield Attercliffe in 1909 and Portsmouth in January 1910. He became a Progressive councillor in London in 1910 though he stood down after three years.
Richard's maiden speech was in support of the Parliament Bill and Home Rule.
Richard was a pacifist. He joined the Union of Democratic Control and opposed conscription.
Richard stood down when Cricklade was abolished and joined Labour. He was one of those former Liberals who sent a message of support to Asquith's opponent in 1920.
From 1922 to 1935 , Richard was librarian at the Athenaeum Club in London.
He died in 1939 aged 71.
Friday, 23 February 2018
1834 Richard Mathias
Constituency : Cheltenham 1910-11
Richard recovered Cheltenham from the Tories by 93 votes.
Richard was the son of a steamship owner. He was a barrister with interests in banking but mainly worked in the family firm. He stood in January 1910 but lost by 138 votes.
Richard was a radical who supported female suffrage and a national minimum wage.
Richard was unseated on petition for overspending. His brother stood in the by-election but was defeated by 4 votes.
Richard was knighted in 1913 and created a baronet in 1917.
Richard stood as an Independent at Merthyr in 1922 and came quite close to defeating Labour in a straight fight.
He died in 1942 aged 79.
Thursday, 22 February 2018
1833 Reginald Pole-Carew
Constituency : Bodmin 1910-12 ( Liberal Unionist ), 1912-16 ( Conservative )
Reginald took Bodmin from the Liberals at the second attempt by 41 votes. He was 61 at the time of his election.
Reginald was the son of a Tory MP for East Cornwall . He joined the army in 1869 and served in Afghanistan, the Boer War and Ireland reaching the rank of Lieutenant- General.
Reginald was a frequent contributor to debates on military matters.
Reginald resigned his seat in 1916.
He died in 1924 aged 75.
1832 Sir Harry Verney
Constituency : Buckingham 1910-18
Sir Harry succeeded his uncle Frederick at Buckingham.
Harry was the son of a previous Buckingham MP Edmund Verney and had just succeeded to his baronetcy. He stood for Basingstoke twice in 1906.
Harry was Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Agriculture from 1914 to 1915. He then served in the war and became a lieutenant-colonel. He was awarded the DSO in 1918.
Harry stood for Skipton in 1922 and 1923 coming a fairly close second on both occasions.
Like his father Harry was convicted of sexual offences , in his case indecent assaults on boys in 1937 and 1954.
He died in 1974 aged 93. His younger son Stephen was Bishop of Repton.
Wednesday, 21 February 2018
1831 Frederick Kellaway
Constituency : Bedford 1910-22
Frederick took Bedford from the Tories by 19 votes. The Bedford Liberals had originally asked Bertrand Russell to stand but were then alienated by his atheism.
Frederick was from Bristol where his father had a joinery and picture frame business. He became a journalist, operating around Lewisham.
Frederick helped Addison canvas support for Lloyd George in 1916 and was rewarded by being made parliamentary secretary to the Ministry of Munitions. He held that post until the Ministry was abolished in 1920. He was then made Secretary for Overseas Trade and then Postmaster-General. He fought off Labour in a by-election on taking the latter post.
Frederick easily defeated an independent in 1918.
Frederick went to the National Liberal Federation conference at Leamington in 1920 where he defended his record as a minister.
Frederick was easily defeated by the Tories in 1922 coming a distant second in a four-cornered contest in 1922.
Frederick called time on his political career and became Managing Director of Marconi.
He died in 1933 aged 62.
Tuesday, 20 February 2018
1830 William Glyn-Jones
Constituency : Stepney 1910-18
William took Stepney from the Tories at the second attempt.
William was born in Worcester. He was educated at Merthyr Tydfil Grammar School. He became both a barrister and a pharmacist. He published The Law of Poisons and Pharmacy in 1909.
William was an intriguer associated with Christopher Addison and Frederick Kellaway. He objected to the disfranchisement of conscientious objectors.
William stood down in 1918 when his constituency was abolished. He was knighted in 1919.
William was Secretary to the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.
He died in 1927 aged 58.
Sunday, 18 February 2018
1829 Albion Richardson
Constituency : Camberwell 1910-22
Albion took Camberwell from the Tories at the second attempt with a majority of just 41.
Albion was privately educated in France and Germany. He worked as a solicitor but later became a barrister.
Albion's maiden speech supported the government's proposals for the House of Lords.
Albion sat on a number of wartime committees including the Appeal Tribunal for London and one on the Employment of Aliens in Government Offices.
Albion was re-elected as a Coalition Liberal in 1918. He was appointed to the Liberal Reunion committee at George Lambert's meeting .After investigating the abuse of conscientious objectors in Wandsworth Prison in 1919, a number of allegations of police malpractice were referred to him. He was knighted in 1919.
Albion stood down in 1922 and returned to his legal practice, mainly working in commercial law. He became Recorder of Warwick in 1931 then Nottingham in 1936.
He died in 1950 aged 75.
1828 David Mason
Constituency : Coventry 1910-18, Edinburgh East 1931-5
David took Coventry from the Tories.
David was the son of the former Mid Lanarkshire MP Stephen Mason. He was educated at various Scottish schools and Glasgow University. He went into banking and also had railway interests. He was a founder and chairman of the Sound Currency Association. He published a tract on Turkish atrocities in Macedonia in 1903. He stood at Glasgow Tradeston in 1906 and January 1910.
In 1911, David protested at Italian atrocities in Libya. He was a strong supporter of Home Rule and a friend of Redmond. He also supported female suffrage. He was part of a deputation to Asquith expressing unease at naval spending. He was part of the unofficial backbench group the Liberal Foreign Affairs Committee set up in 1911 to keep an eye on Grey. This and his constant criticism of the government led to his repudiation by the local party in January 1914.
David took a pacifist stance during World War One.He opposed conscription and the National War Aims Committee which he saw as public funding of propaganda against opponents of the war .
David stood as an independent Liberal in 1918, coming fifth. Back in the party, he stood for Romford in 1923 and 1924 coming third. He kept up a public profile with numerous letters to the press on fiscal matters. He came a close second in Barnstaple in 1929.
In 1931 the Conservatives gave David a free run at Edinburgh East as a supporter of the National Government and he unseated the Labour MP. However he voted against the government just weeks later and followed Samuel into opposition. In 1935 he came a distant third as Labour reclaimed the seat.
In 1935 David joined the Anglo-German Fellowship.
David joined the Liberal Nationals in 1938
He died in 1945 aged 79.
Saturday, 17 February 2018
1827 Arthur Marshall
Constituency : Wakefield 1910-18. Huddersfield 1922-3
Arthur took Wakefield from the Tories to become the first Liberal to sit for Wakefield since 1885.
Arthur came third in 1918 with the Conservative candidate receiving the coupon.
In 1922 Arthur unseated the Lloyd George Liberal Charles Sykes in a tight three-cornered contest with Labour. He became the Liberal whip.
In 1923 a Unionist stood and Arthur lost to Labour by 26 votes. He came third in 1924.
He died in 1956 aged 86.
Friday, 16 February 2018
1826 Frederick Booth
Constituency : Pontefract 1910-18
Frederick took over from Thomas Nussey at Pontefract.
Frederick was born near Manchester and educated at Bolton-le-Moors. He contested King's Lynn in 1900. He was chairman of the Yorkshire Iron and Coal Company.
Frederick led the government inquiry into the Marconi scandal.
Frederick raised the issue of carrier pigeons at the start of World War One saying "An enemy alien with a racing pigeon is far more dangerous than one with a live bomb".
In 1917, Frederick was found guilty of fraud after tricking a German born munitions manufacturer into signing over his company to him and then having him interned. Evidence from Christopher Addison helped to convict Frederick.
In 1918 Frederick contested Wentworth instead and came third behind Labour and a couponed Conservative.
He died in 1947 aged 79.
Thursday, 15 February 2018
1825 Christopher Needham
Constituency : Manchester South West 1910-18
Christopher took Manchester South West from the Tories at the second attempt. In January 1910 both the Liberals and Labour stood to succeed Labour's George Kelley. Christopher came second to the Unionists. In December Labour dropped out allowing Christopher to take the seat.
Christopher was the son of an iron and steel merchant in Manchester. He was educated at Manchester Grammar School and the University of Manchester. He became a governor of the latter in 1908. He was a partner in the family firm.
Christopher retired when the seat was abolished in 1918. He was knighted in 1919 . He became chairman of the Manchester and Liverpool District Banking Company in 1922. He also had interests in insurance, railways and the Manchester Ship Canal. He was chair of the council of the University from 1936 to 1941 and of Lancashire Cricket Club from 1941 to 1943.
He died in 1944 aged 77.
Wednesday, 14 February 2018
1824 Sir Wilfrid Lawson
Constituency : Cockermouth 1910-16
Sir Wilfrid recaptured his father's old seat, lost to the Liberals since the veteran radical's death in 1906.
Wilfrid was educated at Harrow and Oxford. He travelled the world in the 1880s and 1890s, publishing his accounts in The Carlisle Journal. In 1885 he virtually fought the election himself as his father was incapacitated. the seat was lost by 10 votes. He himself contested Penrith in 1886. He first stood for Cockermouth in January 1910 but lost out due to the intervention of a Labour candidate ( also the reason for the by-election loss ).
Like his father Wilfrid was a keen temperance advocate and a radical. He supported Home Rule, female suffrage and the abolition of the Lords.
Wilfrid opposed Britain entering the war and his final speech in the Commons on its eve declared, " It seems to me the neutrality of Great Britain would have been a far more important national and international asset for us than the neutrality of Belgium was or is likely to be".
In 1916 Wilfrid resigned his seat in disgust and quit politics.
Throughout his life Wilfrid was a keen sportsman enjoying polo, cricket, steeplechasing and hunting. He survived several falls.
He died of a heart attack whilst playing cricket in 1937. He was 74.
Tuesday, 13 February 2018
1823 Hugh Edwards
Constituency : Mid Glamorgan 1910-18, Neath 1918-22, Accrington 1923-9
Hugh took over when Frederick Gibbins stepped down at Mid Glamorgan. He won in a straight fight against Labour.
Hugh's father was a wool merchant. He was a member of Cymru Fydd in the 1880s. He was a Congregationalist minister and a prolific writer for Welsh nationalist journals. He was a governor of both Aberystwyth and Cardiff universities.
Hugh was strongly anti-socialist. His maiden speech was in favour of Lords reform
Hugh supported Lloyd George and had an easy victory over Labour at Neath in 1918. He was part of a Speaker's Conference on the government of Scotland and Wales in 1920. He was defeated by Labour in 1922.
In 1923 Hugh switched to Accrington and defeated his former Liberal colleague Charles Buxton as the Unionists withdrew. In 1924 he held on by standing as a Constitutionalist but took the Liberal whip in the Commons.In 1929 he was defeated in a straight fight with Labour.
He wrote a number of biographies of Lloyd George.
He died in 1945 aged 76 after suffering from dementia for some years.
Monday, 12 February 2018
1822 Edward John
Constituency : East Denbighshire 1910-18, 1918 ( Labour )
Edward took over from Edward Hemmerde at East Denbighshire.
Edward was born in Pontypridd. He was an ironmaster who worked in MIddlesbrough for a time.
Edward ( usually known as E.T. ) was a pacifist radical and a Welsh Nationalist. He was a copious writer, producing pamphlets and contributing to journals.
Edward opposed Britain entering World War One and joined the U.D.C. He was a fierce opponent of conscription.
By 1918, Edward had joined Labour and contested the new Denbighshire seat as a Labour-Welsh Home Rule candidate. He was trounced by the Coalition Liberal David Davies. In 1922 he suffered the same fate at Brecon and Radnorshire at the hands of William Jenkins. He did not contest it in 1923 but came third in 1924 when Jenkins lost the seat to a Tory. He was described as the "de Valera of Wales".
Edward was President of the Peace Society from 1924-27 and held office in various Welsh organisations.
He died in 1931 aged 73.
Sunday, 11 February 2018
1821 John Hinds
Constituency : West Carmarthenshire 1910-18, Carmarthen 1918-23
John took over from John Morgan at West Carmarthenshire. He won the selection against 5 other candidates.
John was a local man who started work as an apprentice in his uncle's drapery business. He set up his own drapery business in London in 1887 which became prosperous. He was a Baptist.
John tried to raise a Volunteer Company in Carmarthen. His son William was seriously injured fighting in France in 1916. He was visited by Lloyd George, Churchill and Bonar Law in hospital but did not pull through.
John supported Lloyd George and was unopposed at Carmarthen in 1918.
In 1922 John held his seat comfortably against Tory, NFU and Liberal candidates. During the parliament he switched his loyalties to Asquith's faction and became chairman of the Welsh Liberal Parliamentary Party but decided to retire at the election.
John was mayor of Carmarthen in 1925-6. He was chairman of the Welsh Liberal Foundation from 1925 to 1928. He gave land for a park in 1927.
He died in 1928 aged 65.
Saturday, 10 February 2018
1820 Alexander Scott
Constituency : Glasgow Bridgeton 1918-22
The December 1910 result produced a near-identical result to January with the Liberals having a net loss of 3 seats, the Conseratives dropping one and small gains for Labour and the Irish parties. The Liberal Unionists did slightly better with 4 net gains.
Alexander took over from James Cleland at Glasgow Bridgeton.
Alexander was a barrister. He was a close friend of Churchill and wrote a biography of him as early as 1905. He supported secular education. He was London-based and was a Lewisham town councillor.
Alexander was a social radical. He rarely spoke in Parliament. He disliked the practice of English members sitting for Scottish constituencies and supported Scottish Home Rule. He looked to Irish Home Rule as providing a trigger for a federal solution all round.
Alexander was a strong opponent of female suffrage and published tracts for the National League for Opposing Women's Suffrage in 1912.
Alexander wrote another book about Churchill in 1916. He supported Lloyd George and received the coupon in 1918.
Alexander was a reformist PPS from 1917 to 1919 and briefly a whip in 1922.
Alexander was defeated in 1922 when James Maxton was the beneficiary of a huge increase in turnout. In 1924 he joined Labour himself and published From Liberalism To Labour in 1927.
Alexander wrote a number of travel works.
He died in a plane crash in Canada in 1928 aged 54. His son stayed with the Liberals.
Friday, 9 February 2018
1819 Henry Guest
Constituency : East Dorset 1910, Pembroke and Haverfordwest 1910-18, Bristol North 1922-3, Plymouth Drake 1937-45 ( Conservative )
Henry kept East Dorset warm for his brother Frederick after his disqualification. He actually increased the majority
Henry was a son of Baron Wimborne. He was older than Frederick.He joined the army in 1892 and served in the Boer War and India. From 1907 he was a cavalry instructor.
In December 1910 Frederick was returned for East Dorset and Henry switched to Pembroke and Haverfordwest. He was a PPS from 1911 to 1915.
Henry served during World War One. He reached the rank of colonel.
In 1918 his seat was abolished and he switched to Wandsworth Central. Despite Henry having the coupon, the Unionists ran a candidate against him who won with 55 % of the vote. Henry was pushed into third by Labour.
In 1922 Henry retained Bristol North for the Lloyd George Liberals in a straight fight with Labour. In 1923 he finished runner up to Labour due to Unionist intervention. He left the seat for Frederick to re-take in 1924.
In 1937 Frederick, now a Conservative died and Henry took his seat at the by-election , himself now a Tory. He was pro-appeasement He was defeated by Labour in 1945.
Henry was director of an iron company.
He died in 1957 aged 83.
That concludes our look at the by-election victors of 1910.
Thursday, 8 February 2018
1818 Stephen Furness
Constituency :Hartlepool 1910-14
Stephen took over at Hartlepool after his uncle Christopher's election was voided on petition. He won by 166 votes.
Stephen was a member of the ship-owning dynasty. He was educated at Ashville College, Harrogate. He was a West Hartlepool town councillor and a Durham county councillor.
Stephen never spoke in Parliament.
Stephen held on by 48 votes in December.
In 1912 Stephen succeeded his uncle as chairman of Furness, Withy and Company. He was either chairman or a director of many other companies.
Stephen was created a baronet in 1913.
He died in 1914 after falling from his hotel window while on holiday aged 42. His son was later a Liberal MP.
Wednesday, 7 February 2018
1817 Frederick Gibbins
Constituency : Mid Glamorganshire 1910
The 1910 parliament was a short and stormy one. Asquith was able to continue in office with the support of Labour and the Irish Nationalists. The Unionists had to concede defeat on the People's Budget but the Liberals were not content to leave it there and moved to limit the powers of the Lords. Edward VII died and both parties agreed to a request from the new king to a constitutional convention. During its sitting Lloyd George suggested a new Centre party to sort the issues out and then fight Labour but it had few takers, The convention broke up without agreement and the Liberals pressed their plans forward. The king insisted on another election before he would accede to a request to create new Liberal peers. There were a number of by-elections in 1910 but most of them were used to return people who'd been defeated in January.
Frederick took over from Samuel Evans who became a judge. His selection was acrimonious and Frederick was rather reluctant to stand. The local Liberals were under pessure from the Liberal whip , the Master of Elibank to yield the seat to the South Wales Miners Federation, to maintain good relations with Lbour at Westminster. However the SWMF vice-chairman William Brace opposed Labour putting up a candidate. In the event, Frederick defeated a Labour candidate in a campaign with much anti-socialist rhetoric
Frederick was a Quaker from Neath. He was educated locally. He was a tinplate manufacturer. He was a benevolent employer and often asked to arbitrate in trade disputes.
Frederick did not enjoy parliamentary life and stood down in December.
Frederick was appointed to the Industrial Council in 1911.
In 1916, Frederick was appointed to the Appeal Tribunal for Glamorgan under the Military Service Act.
In 1921 Frederick sold his tinplate business for a six-figure sum and moved into insurance.
He died in 1937 aged 76.
Tuesday, 6 February 2018
1816 Ernest Jardine
Constituency : Somerset East 1910-12 ( Liberal Unionist ), 1912-18 ( Conservative )
Ernest unseated John Thompson for the Liberal Unionists at East Somerset.
Ernest was the son of a lace maker from Nottingham. He was educated at schools in Nottingham and France .He had a factory in Somerset. In 1907 he purchased Glastonbury Abbey to stop it falling into the hands of an American. He was a benevolent employer.
Ernest held off the challenge of Thompson in December 1910.
Ernest called for reprisals after the German airship raids of 1915.
Ernest stood down in 1918 and was created a baronet the following year.
In 1924 Ernest diversified into manufacturing typewriters. He was also a director of the Trent Navigation Company.
He died in 1947 aged 87.
That concludes our look at the victors of January 1910.
Monday, 5 February 2018
1815 Aneurin Williams
Constituency : Plymouth 1910, North-West Durham 1914-18, Consett 1918-22
Aneurin took over from Thomas Dobson at Plymouth, coming in second behind Charles Mallet.
Aneurin was the son of a Cleveland ironmaster although he was born in Wales. He was educated at Cambridge. He became a barrister although he retained an interest in the family ironworks. He stood for Medway in 1906.
In December 1910 Aneurin came fourth as both Liberals were ejected.
In 1914 Aneurin won a three-cornered contest at a by-election in North West Durham.
In 1915 Aneurin was prominent in publicising the Armenian genocide. He sat on the opposition benches on the formation of the coalition in 1915.He was sympathetic to the aims of the UDC but kept it at arm's length.
Aneurin was involved with the garden city movement and the Land Nationalisation Society. He also supported the co-operative movement , proportional representation and the League of Nations. He was chair of the Public Accounts Committee in 1921.
In 1918 Aneurin came out on top in a tight three-way contest against the NDP candidate who had the coupon and Labour. Initially it was suggested Aneurin would receive the coupon but this didn't happen.
In 1922 Aneurin came second to Labour after being absent in Australia when the campaign started..His daughter Ursula came close to re-capturing it in 1923.
Having always been in delicate health, he died in 1924 aged 64. His son Iolo was an unsuccessful Liberal candidate in 1924 and 1929.
Sunday, 4 February 2018
1814 Frederick Guest
Constituency : Dorset East 1910, 1910-22, Stroud 1923-4, Bristol North 1924-9, Plymouth Drake 1931-7 ( Conservative )
Frederick took over from Charles Lyell at Dorset East.
Frederick was a younger son of Baron Wimborne and first cousin to Winston Churchill.He was educated at Winchester. He joined the army and saw service in Egypt and the Boer War, rising to the rank of captain. He followed Churchill into the Liberals over Free Trade. In 1905 he married an American heiress. He became Churchill's private secretary in 1906.In 1906 he contested Cockermouth following the death of Wilfrid Lawson but lost out due to the intervention of a Labour candidate.
Frederick was initially disqualified due to election irregularities but his elder brother Henry held the seat until he could stand again in December.
In 1911 Frederick was appointed a whip and was unopposed at the by-election. In 1912 he became Deputy Chief Whip.
When World War One broke out, Frederick returned to active service and became aide-de-camp to Sir John French. In 1916 he served in East Africa but fell ill and was invalided out.
In May 1917 Frederick became chief whip for the Coalition Liberals. He dissuaded Lloyd George from trying to oust Asquith from the Liberal leadership. He was popular across the House.
In 1921 Frederick became Secretary of State for Air. He was again unopposed at the by-election
In 1922, Frederick came third with an Independent Unionist taking the seat.
In 1923 Frederick won at Stroud. In 1924 he switched to Bristol North which Henry had lost to Labour in 1923. Frederick won, aided by the withdrawal of the Unionists.
In 1929 Frederick stood as an Independent Liberal opposed by an official candidate, He came second to Labour.
Frederick then rejoined the Conservatives and won Plymouth Drake for them in 1931 and 1935.
Frederick was a keen polo player and won a Bronze medal at the 1924 Olympics. He spent a lot of time in America where he had property and was a popular socialite. He was also keen on cars, aeroplanes and big game hunting in Africa.
He died of cancer in 1937 aged 61.
Friday, 2 February 2018
1813 Thomas Calley
Constituency : Cricklade 1910 ( Liberal Unionist )
Thomas unseated John Massie at Cricklade.
Thomas was educated at Harrow and Oxford. He joined the army in 1876 and served in Egypt in the 1880s. He rose to the ran of colonel during the Boer War. He received a number of military honours.
Thomas never spoke in Parliament.
In December 1910 Thomas was narrowly defeated by Richard Lambert.
He died in 1932 aged 76.
1812 Cecil Grenfell
Constituency : Bodmin 1910
Cecil took over from Freeman Freeman-Thomas at Bodmin.
Cecil was the grandson of a former Whig politician, Pascoe Grenfell. He was educated t Eton. He served in the Boer War, reaching the rank of colonel.
Cecil made two long speeches, one on the issue of horss in the army and one in support of the People's Budget.
Cecil stood down in December 1910.
He died in 1924 aged 60.
Thursday, 1 February 2018
1811 Charles Buxton
Constituency : Ashburton 1910, Accrington 1922-3, Elland 1929-31 ( Labour )
Charles reversed the by-election gain of 1908, unseating the Liberal Unionist Ernest Morrison-Bell.
Charles was the son of the former King's Lynn MP Thomas Buxton and younger brother of Noel, MP for Poplar. He was educated at Harrow and Cambridge. He was private secretary to his father as Governor of South Australia in the 1890s. He became a barrister. He was also Principal at Morley College, an adult education school and edited the Albany Review from 1906 to 1908. He stood for Hertford in 1906 and at the by-election in 1908. He became a Quaker on marriage in 1904.
Charles was defeated in December 1910 as Morison-Bell regained the seat.
Charles was Honourable Secretary to the Land Enquiry Committee from 1912 to 1914.
In 1914 Charles was shot by a Turk on a clandestine visit to Bulgaria to try and maintain Bulgarian neutrality but survived.
Charles was a founder member of the Union for Democratic Control and in 1917 left the Liberals for the Independent Labour Party. He visited the Soviet Union in 1920 and was impressed, publishing In A Russian Village in 1922. He sent a message of support to Asquith's opponent in 1920.
Charles stood for Labour at Accrington in 1918 coming third. In 1922 he had a convincing victory there but lost to the liberal Hugh Edwards when the Conservatives withdrew in 1923. Edwards held on as a Constitutionalist in 1924. Charles switched to Elland in 1929 and held the seat but was defeated in a straight fight with the Conservative in 1931. He came close to re-taking it in 1935.
Charles was Treasurer to the I.L.P. from 1924 to 1927. He travelled widely in Africa and helped to shape Labour's colonial policy. He became Parliamentary Adviser to the Labour Party in 1926,
Charles favoured appeasement right up to the outbreak of war and resigned his post in 1939.
He died in 1942 aged 67, leaving most of his estate to charity rather than his two children.
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