Tuesday, 11 July 2017
1615 Josiah Wedgwood
Constituency : Newcastle-under-Lyme 1906-19, 1919-42 ( Labour )
Josiah easily defeated the Liberal Unionist incumbent Alfred Haslam to take the seat.
Josiah was a direct descendant of the famous potter. He was educated at Clifton College and then the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. Josiah began work as a naval constructor for an arms manufacturer. He fought in the Boer War as a captain then settled in the Transvaal for a time. He became a disciple of Henry George and his ideas for a Single Tax on property.
Josiah stood for the Liberals but warned he would take an independent line where necessary.He became President of the League for Taxation of Land Values in 1908. He became frustrated at the government's reluctance to fully embrace the Single Tax and the opposition to female suffrage. He did not like the Mental Deficiency Bill in 1913 and staged a two day filibuster in Parliament against it which brought him to natiomnal attention.
Josiah enlisted as a lieutenant-commander in the navy for the First World War ,undertaking mechanical work. He served in France in 1914 and was wounded during the Dardanelles campaign of 1915. He won the D.S.O. Back in Parliament he complained of under staffing although he also upheld the rights of conscientious objectors. He later served in South Africa rising to the rank of colonel. In 1918 he was sent to Siberia to encourage the Russians to stay in the war.
Josiah did not know which way to go in the Maurice debate and his ambivalence somehow secured him the coupon. He had the backing of his local Liberal association and was unopposed. He had no intention of supporting Lloyd George and attended the first meeting of the parliamentary Liberal party.
In 1919 Josiah and his wife agreed to divorce on the grounds of adultery and desertion by him although it wasn't true. He was publicly criticised for this and the criticism actually increased when the divorce was finalised and he remarried, admirtting that the adultery was staged.
That same year,Josiah changed allegiances and joined the Independent Labour Party. He was appointed joint vice-chair of the P.L.P. in 1921. He was free to take an independent line supporting Zionism, refugees and indian independence.
The local Liberals continuerd to give Josiah tacit support and he was unopposed in 1923. McDonald did not particularly like him and he was made Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in the first Labour government. Later in the year he succeeded Henderson as Chief Industrial Commissioner. He was against making a loan to the Soviet Union. In opposition he was critical of McDonald's leadership. He was not offered a post in the second Labour government and occupied himself by becoming a serious scholar of parliamentary history. His work led to the formation of the History of Parliament Trust in 1940. In 1930-31 he was Mayor of Newcastle. In 1931 he stood as an "Independent Labour" candidate but was still unopposed and had rejoinerd the fold by 1935. He opposed appeasement and supported asylum for European Jews. This led to streets being named after him in Israerl.
In 1940 Josiah joined the Home Guards. In 1941 he toured America putting the case for U.S. intervention in the war. A grateful Churchill gave him a peerage as Baron Wedgwood.
He died in 1943 aged 71. His neice wrote his biography The Last of the Radicals , a title Josiah had chosen himself.
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