Wednesday, 31 July 2013
219 Wenman Coke
Constituency : Norfolk East 1858-65
Wenman was a son of the Earl of Leicester first elected in a by-election in 1858. He was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Scotch Guards and saw action in the Crimean War. He was a keen cricketer.
Wenman was a backbench Whig who did not speak in Parliament. The Conservatives took his seat in 1865.
He died in 1907 aged 78.
Tuesday, 30 July 2013
218 John Handley
Constituency : Newark 1857-65
John came from a brewing and banking family and was educated at Eton and Cambridge. He became a barrister as well as a partner in the family bank.
John stood down in 1865.
He died in 1869 aged 62.
217 Grosvenor Hodgkinson
Constituency : Newark 1859-74
Grosvenor was a local solicitor educated at Louth Grammar School. He was also a businessman with directorships in life assurance and railway companies.
In 1859 Grosvenor unseated the sitting Whig Lord Lincoln although he was not a regular radical. He spoke in support of Russell's Reform Bill in 1860.
Grosvenor achieved lasting fame in 1867 with his famous Amendment to Disraeli's Reform Bill which proposed admitting "compounders" i.e those who paid rates as part of their rental payments to the franchise by making personal payment of rates compulsory. This would vastly increase the new electorate and when Disraeli unexpectedly accepted it ( rather than one from Gladstone's man Childers ) he was assured of enough Liberal support to get the Act passed. It did not endear Grosvenor to Gladstone who was hoping to defeat Disraeli on the compound issue. The financial consequences for local authorities were adverse and compounding was reintroduced two years later without affecting the franchise.
Grosvenor stood down in 1874.
He died in 1881 aged 62.
Monday, 29 July 2013
216 Thomas Western
Constituency : Maldon 1857-65
Thomas was a baronet's son ( also an MP ) first elected in 1857. He was educated at Cambridge.
Thomas was a moderate who came to accept the necessity of parliamentary reform.
Thomas was defeated in 1865. He stood for East Suffolk in 1868 but was unsuccessful.
He succeeded his father in 1873 and died in 1877 aged 55.
Sunday, 28 July 2013
215 George Packe
Constituency : Lincolnshire South 1859-68
George was a former soldier who had fought at Waterloo. His elder brother Charles sat for the Conservatives but they were actually estranged over the felling of some trees on the family estate. He first contested the seat in 1857.
He died in 1874 aged 78.
Saturday, 27 July 2013
214 Sir Montague Cholmeley
Constituency : Grantham 1826-31, North Lincolnshire 1847-52, 1857-74
Sir Montague was a baronet who first inherited Grantham from his father in 1826. He lost it in 1831 but came back for North Lincolnshire in 1847 and 1857. His only parliamentary contribution was on the malt tax in 1849. He was married to a daughter of the Duke of St Albans.
Montague's son Hugh was elected for Grantham in 1868.
He died in 1874 aged 71.
Friday, 19 July 2013
213 George Heneage
Constituency : Grimsby 1826-30 , Lincoln 1831-5, 1852-7 ( Conservative ), 1857-62
George was from a noble Lincolnshire family.
George was first elected in 1826 but defeated in 1830. He returned for Lincoln in the following election but stood down in 1835. He re-emerged in 1852 as a Conservative but switched back to Palmerston's Liberals for the 1857 election.
Following Lord Worsley's elevation in 1862 George decided to resign Lincoln and return to his old seat but he was narrowly defeated by 12 votes in the by-election and his petition was unsuccessful. The Conservatives also won the Lincoln by-election but George's son Edward won it back in 1865.
He died in 1864 aged 63.
212 John Gurney
Constituency : King's Lynn 1854-65
John was a wealthy banker who developed an interest in natural history from an early age. He was first elected unopposed at a by-election in 1854 and never faced opposition thereafter. He supported Palmerston on the Conspiracy to Murder Bill but he also voted with Derby on the latter's reform bill believing frequent changes of government were injurious.
John usually spoke on financial matters. In 1860 he erected a drinking fountain in Norwich. That same year he was hit by scandal when his wife ran off with ( and subsequently married ) their footman. He stood down in 1865.
John is better known as an ornithologist and wrote a number of articles for natural history journals. His son carried on the tradition and a species of grebe was named after them.
He died in 1890 aged 71.
Thursday, 18 July 2013
211 Sir Hugh Adair
Constituency : Ipswich 1847-74
Sir Hugh was the son of a Catholic baronet. He was educated at Oxford and became a barrister. The Adairs were also substantial Irish landlords. His brother had been MP for Cambridge up to 1857.
When Hugh spoke in Parliament it was usually on matters relating to the gas industry.
Hugh stood down in 1974. He succeeded his brother in the baronetcy in 1886. He employed the infamous Captain Boycott as his land agent in East Anglia and paid for his headstone in 1897.
He died in 1902 aged 86.
Wednesday, 17 July 2013
210 Charles Pelham-Anderson aka Lord Worsley
Constituency : Grimsby 1857-62
Charles was the son and heir of the Duke of Yarborough. He was only 22 on his election.
Charles was a backbench Whig who did not speak in Parliament. He resigned the seat on succeeding his father in 1862 and the Conservatives won the by-election. He was a keen sportsman and a popular and generous landlord.
He died in 1875 aged only 40.
Monday, 15 July 2013
209 Frederick Tollemache
Constituency : Grantham 1826-30, 1837-52, 1857-65, 1868-74
Frederick was the brother of the Earl of Dysart , educated at Harrow and first elected at the age of 22 through the interest of his father although it obviously wasn't strong enough to secure him the seat on every occasion. His defeat in 1830 was thought to be down to his advanced opinions. He was a director of the New Zealand Company.
Frederick did not speak in Parliament. In later life he walked with a staff as the statue depicts. He wanted to retire after his defeat in 1865 but was persuaded to re-stand in 1868.
He died in 1888 aged 84.
208 Henry Adeane
Constituency : Cambridgeshire 1857-65
Henry's father of the same name had been a previous MP for the county. The Adeanes were big local landowners. Henry was related to Russell.
Henry died in 1870 aged only 36.
Saturday, 13 July 2013
207 Lord Alfred Hervey
Constituency : Brighton 1842-57 ( first elected as a Conservative ), Bury St Edmunds 1859-65
Alfred was a brother of the Marquess of Bristol first elected as a Conservative in a by-election of 1842. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge. He survived being thrown from his horse in Hyde Park in 1840. He retained his seat as a Peelite until 1857 when he was decisively defeated by William Conyngham. He was a junior whip in Lord Aberdeen's government and initially in Palmerston's first ministry until he resigned with the other Peelites.
Alfred returned to Parliament in 1859 but was defeated again in 1865.
He died in 1875 aged 58. His son became chaplain to Queen Victoria.
206 Joseph Hardcastle
Constituency : Colchester 1847-52, Bury St Edmunds 1857-74, 1880-5
Joseph was a London-born barrister who was first elected in 1847 for Colchester but defeated in 1852. He came back in for Bury St Edmunds in 1857. He was also a brewer and wine and spirits merchant.
Joseph was a keen supporter of the abolition of church rates.
Joseph was defeated in 1874 and regained the seat in 1880. He was unsuccessful when the representation of the seat was reduced to one member in 1885.
Joseph's second wife was the daughter of Lord Chancellor Campbell.
He died in 1899 aged 83.
Friday, 12 July 2013
205 Meaburn Staniland
Constituency : Boston 1859-65, 1866-67
Meaburn came to the fore in the Church Rate Abolition Society in Boston which fought a successful campaign to get the church rate abolished in Boston in 1840 and galvanised the radicals and reformers in the town.
Meaburn was first elected in 1859 along with Herbert Ingram but on the latter's death the Conservatives won the by-election and henceforth the Liberals were usually restricted to one member. He seems to have had an interest in the gas industry
Meaburn's maiden speech was in support of the abolition of church rates maintaining that voluntary subscriptions would meet the cost of maintaining the fabric of churches. In 1864 he was accused of corrupt dealings in a public contract but was later exonerated.
In 1865 Meaburn was narrowly defeated ( 12 votes ) by Thomas Parry but was successful on petition and returned to Parliament in the new year. However he resigned the seat in 1867 and Parry returned. They both stood in 1868 and were defeated. Meaburn blamed Parry's radicalism for his defeat.
He died in 1898 aged 89.
Thursday, 11 July 2013
204 Herbert Ingram
Constituency : Boston 1856-60
Herbert was a Lincolnshire butcher's son brought up in poverty after his father's early death. He started work as a printer's apprentice and eventually started up a printing and newsagents business in Nottingham. With the proceeds of a successful diversion into laxative pills he started the Illustrated London News in 1842, the first newspaper to feature a high volume of pictures to supplement the stories. The paper was an immediate and huge success and Herbert was able to buy up competitors . Although it ostentatiously disavowed party it was generally Liberal in sympathies. Herbert struggled to compose a grammatical sentence himself and it has been suggested that he did not give his talented collaborators enough credit for their contribution.
Herbert was a local philanthropist who gave money to the restoration of Boston Stump and schools and hospitals. He was also instrumental in bringing the railway and a fresh water supply to the town. In 1859 he got Brunel's ship the Great Eastern finished Herbert stood for Parliament in a by-election in 1856 promising a "representative who is at once the product and the embodiment of the progressive spirit of the age ".
In Parliament he ( unsurprisingly ) supported the abolition of the paper duties and the £6 borough franchise as proposed by Russell in 1860.
That year he and his son went to America and both were killed in a shipping accident on Lake Michigan. Two years later a statue to him was raised opposite the church he'd helped to restore. His younger son William later became Boston's MP.
Wednesday, 10 July 2013
203 Frederick Gough-Calthorpe
Constituency : Worcestershire East 1859-68
Frederick was the eldest son of Baron Calthorpe ( himself an MP between 1818 and 1831 ) and a grandson of the Duke of Beaufort. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge. He came into the House in an 1859 by-election before the general election that year.
Frederick's only speech in the Commons was moving the address to the Queen's Speech in 1863.
Frederick succeeded his father just before the 1868 general election and relinquished his seat.
He died in 1893 aged 66.
Tuesday, 9 July 2013
202 John Hodgetts-Foley
Constituency : Droitwich 1822-35, East Worcestershire 1847-61
As previously stated John was the father of the South Staffordshire MP Henry Hodgetts-Foley. His own father and two uncles had also been MPs for Droitwich. He was first elected unopposed in 1822 and voyted loyally with the Whigs throughout the Reform crisis. He was defeated in his first contested election in 1835 and petitioned the result unsuccessfully. He returned after a twelve year absence in 1847.
John died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will aged 64.
Monday, 8 July 2013
201 William Laslett
Constituency : Worcester 1852-60, 1868-74 (Conservative)
William was a rich solicitor first elected in 1852 .He got back in again in 1857 despite voting against Palmerston in the China debate.
William resigned his seat in 1860 for reasons that are obscure.
William won the seat again in 1868 but this time as a Conservative, styling himself a "turncoat" and "renegade Rad." mainly it seems to thwart Lord Lyttelton with whom he had a personal feud relating to William's unhappy marriage in the 1840's. Lyttelton's son was running for the Liberals and expected to be unopposed. William came top of the poll. Despite this change of colours William remained progressive enough to chair a women's suffrage meeting at Worcester in 1872. He was defeated in 1874
William was a local eccentric who combined public philanthropy with private miserliness. He bought the city gaol and converted it to a home for impoverished couples in 1867. He also spent liberally on churches, parks , cemeteries and almshouses. On the other hand he neglected his wife ( whose father's debts he had paid off ) to the extent of keeping her room cold when she was ill. He also dressed extremely slovenly and did his own maintenance rather than pay a workman.
He died in 1884 aged 83.
Saturday, 6 July 2013
200 Osman Ricardo
Constituency : Worcester 1847-65
Osman was the eldest son of the political economist David Ricardo. He was educated at Charterhouse and Cambridge. He owned a large estate in Worcestershire.
Osman was a low-profile MP who didn't speak in the House.
He died in 1881 aged 85.
Friday, 5 July 2013
199 Sir Richard Bethell
Constituency : Aylesbury 1851-9, Wolverhampton 1859-61
Richard was a doctor's son from Wiltshire. He was educated at Oxford and became a barrister. He went on to become a judge, noted for a sarcastic sense of humour. He arrived in the Commons in 1851, conveniently in time to become Solicitor-General under Aberdeen. He moved on to Attorney-General in 1856, his most notable achievement being piloting the Divorce Act of 1857. He advised Palmerston that Bowring's case in China was legally weak and that he was not politically immortal. In the 1857 election he lined up with Palmerston telling his constituents the lack of progress in reform was not down to Palmerston but " the timid, hesitating men at his side, or at his back".He ended up defending the Conspiracy to Murder Bill although he intensely disliked it.
On Palmerston's return to power in 1859 Richard became Attorney-General once more after switching seats to Wolverhampton when Villiers' partner MP had to step down through ill health . In 1861 Lord Campbell, the Lord Chancellor died and Richard succeeded him, taking a peerage as Lord Westbury. His major achievement here was the Land Registry Act of 1863 though it proved unworkable in practice. He was also responsible for the Statute Law Revision Act 1863 which started the process of consolidating statute law by removing the obsolete. He was the only Cabinet member to fully back Palmerston and Russell's position over the Schleswig-Holstein crisis.
Richard was a rather cautious Liberal who claimed his middle class constituents were fearful of the effects of further parliamentary reform.
Shortly before the 1865 election Richard responded to parliamentary criticism of some of his appointments and a dubious pension award by resigning his office. He continued to sit in judicial proceedings of the Lords until his death in 1873 aged 73.
Wednesday, 3 July 2013
198 Charles Villiers
Constituency : Wolverhampton 1835-85, Wolverhampton South 1885-98 ( 1886-98 as Liberal Unionist )
Charles is still the record holder for longest-serving MP with 63 years unbroken service.
Charles was the brother of the Earl of Clarendon. He went to Cambridge and became a barrister. He was a Benthamite and in 1832 became a Poor Law Commissioner. He was first elected in 1835. From 1837 onwards he became famous for his relentless attempts to abolish the Corn Laws, speaking in Manchester in 1838 before Cobden and Bright had become active. In 1840 he got himself onto the Committee for Import Duties which produced a report much utilised by the Anti-Corn Law League. Francis Monckton Milnes described him as the "solitary Robinson Crusoe standing on the barren rock of Corn Law repeal". He was of course eventually vindicated but declined David Ricardo's suggestion of a public subscription to recognise his work. In 1847 he was also elected for Lancashire South as a gesture of gratitude. In 1852 he tried to get a full-blooded Free Trade amendment passed when the Tories abandoned their commitment to protection.The Corn Laws gave Charles the reputation of a Radical despite his impeccable Whig credentials , which in other respects he hardly merited. On the Crimean War he told Bright he wasn't sure that it was justified but could not be allowed to end in a way "that is disgraceful or thought to be so by the people". After the peace he thought Palmerston was in for life . He was also very lukewarm about further parliamentary reform.Russell seems to have ignored his claims for office but Aberdeen made him Judge Advocate General and he continued to hold the position under Palmerston until 1858. In the 1857 election campaign he told his constituents that "Lord Palmerston was not quite the man that a Liberal or Reformer would desire, but he was the best man that could be found"
When Palmerston returned to power in 1859 Charles was appointed President of the Poor Law Board with a seat in the Cabinet. He was criticised for not checking the anti- Catholic bias of poor law guardians after a Commons inquiry found they were not observing the statutory safeguards on religion. He also had to deal with the effects of the Lancashire cotton famine. As Charles was a friend of both Disraeli and Bright he was a useful channel of communication for the prime minister. Charles tried to assure Bright of the government's sincerity on the 1860 Reform Bill pointing out that middle class discontent was not what Bright wanted it to be - "the social relations between classes are more than usually friendly" and pointedly asking him for "your real and calmly considered views" on reform. Palmerston did not always act on his advice , rejecting, for example, his suggestion of the radical MP Edwin James for solicitor-general. Charles disliked Cobden's commercial treaty but acquiesced in it , Bright describing him as "desperately and absurdly anti-French". In turn Charles told him he was "ludicrously malignant" in accusing Palmerston of war-mongering over the Trent affair He remained in place under Russell.
In 1875 it was Charles that proposed Hartington for the party leadership.
In 1885 he declined a peerage and sat for the new seat of Wolverhampton South retaining it as a Liberal Unionist in 1886. In 1890 he became Father of the House on the death of Christopher Talbot and was the last remaining MP to have served under William IV. He retained the seat in 1892 and 1895 but did not actually attend the Commons again after the latter triumph.
He died in 1898 aged 96.
197 Charles Forster
Constituency : Walsall 1852-91
Charles was the son of a banker and previous MP for Walsall. He was educated at Oxford and became a barrister. He first stood for Walsall in 1847 but was elected unopposed in 1852. In 1858, following Palmerston's defeat on the Conspiracy to Murder Bill there was a meeting of centrist Liberals (i.e. neither Whigs nor Radicals) to discuss the future shape of politics. Charles was appointed a sort of shop steward to this group charged with looking out for issues on which they could converge. As a result Palmerston had a discussion on tactics with him before the debate on Derby's Reform Bill.
Charles was known as an eager political host.
Charles was created a baronet in 1874.
He died in 1891 aged 74.
Tuesday, 2 July 2013
196 John Townshend
Constituency : Tamworth 1856-63
John was the son and heir of Marquess Townshend and was also known as Lord Raynham. He succeeded his father in the seat in 1856.
John was concerned about assaults on women and had a motion for a committee on the subject rejected in 1857. He favoured men convicted of such offences being flogged. He also raised humanitarian concerns about the administration of workhouses and personally intervened to get a destitute family admitted to a London workhouse in 1863. He spoke in favour of the Cruelty to Animals Prevention Bill in 1861. His last speech in the Commons called for active intervention in support of Poland.
John quit his seat on inheriting the marquisate in 1863, the Tories taking it in the by-election.
He died in 1899 aged 68.
Monday, 1 July 2013
195 Sir Robert Peel
Constituency : Tamworth 1850-78 1878-80, Huntingdon 1884-5, Blackburn 1885-6 (Conservative)
Sir Robert was the eldest son of the famous prime minister and the one that achieved the greatest prominence although he was ultimately an unsuccessful politician.
Robert was educated at Harrow and Oxford and became a diplomat working mainly in Switzerland. He attracted the attention and became a favourite of Palmerston, Foreign Secretary for most of his diplomatic career. On his father's death in 1850 he resigned his post and succeeded his father as one of Tamworth's MPs at 28. He was a debonair figure with oratorical gifts of humour , irony and a commanding voice. In 1854 he barely survived a shipwreck off the coast of Italy. The following year Palmerston made him a junior lord of the admiralty. Robert stayed put when other Peelites left the government. In 1856 he accompanied Lord Granville to Russia for the new Tsar's coronation but the following year offended the Russians and Queen Victoria with some injudicious remarks about the Russian court at a banquet, the first instance of the impulsive outspokenness and lack of judgement that was to dog his career.
In 1861 Palmerston promoted Robert to Chief Secretary for Ireland partly because he wanted to cultivate the Irish Protestant vote and be less reliant on the wayward Catholic Liberal MPs. Robert shared his distaste for Catholicism and duly gave offence to prominent Irish Catholics. such as The O'Donoghue although his motor tours talking to the peasantry won him some popularity. Archbishop Cullen said in 1864, " the people of Ireland are heartily tired of Lord Palmerston and Sir Robert Peel ... they are persuaded no justice or fair play can be expected as long as they are in power". In security terms his tenure was a success; he had regular meetings with the head of the police to enforce a policy of "active surveillance" and Fenianism was suppressed.
Robert's ministerial career came to an end with Palmerston's death. Russell sacked him on the grounds that he had been working against the interests of the Liberal party during the 1865 election campaign and he never held office again. He did not as may have been expected join the Adullamites though he did vote with Disraeli on "passing the fine" in the Reform debates.
Robert was a persistent critic of Gladstone. He reverted to the Liberal-Conservative designation in 1874 and broke with him completely on the Eastern Question. He abandoned Tamworth in 1880 and fought Gravesend for the Conservatives but was defeated, the Liberals chalking up a gain. Robert remained active as a loud critic of the Gladstone administration's failures in Egypt and Ireland and eventually returned as Conservative MP for Huntingdon in a by-election in 1884.
Robert switched to Blackburn for the 1885 election but then flummoxed his new party by being the only Tory to abstain on Gladstone's Home Rule Bill. He was soon reconciled with Gladstone and at the 1886 election he stood for the Liberals again at Inverness Burghs against the defector Robert Finlay but failed to unseat him. He was now a full blooded Home Rule supporter and attempted to get back in at the Brighton by-election of 1889 but he was hammered.
Robert was a keen horse breeder but later in life became financially embarrassed. He sold his father's art collection to the National Gallery in 1871.
He died of a brain haemorrhage in 1894 aged 73.
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