Thursday, 30 August 2018
2014 Robert Mitchell
Constituency : Perth 1923-24
The Liberals didn't have a good election in Scotland with a net loss of 7 seats but Robert managed to take Perth from the Tories in a straight fight.
Robert was a solicitor's son. He was educated at Perth Academy and Edinburgh University. He became a solicitor himself then a Scottish barrister in 1914.
Robert was defeated in 1924 due to Labour intervention.
In 1934 he was appointed Chairman of the Scottish Land Court and took the judicial title of Lord MacGregor Mitchell.
He died in 1938 aged 62.
Wednesday, 29 August 2018
2013 Alexander Livingstone
Constituency : Western Isles 1923-9
The 1923 election was unique in British history. In no other have the seats and votes been shared so evenly between three parties. The Tories ended up the largest party still but way short of a majority. Labour came second increasing their total and the Liberals third. They made around 80 gains , mainly from the Conservatives but also over 30 losses mainly former Lloyd George Liberals losing to Labour where the Tories re-entered the fray. They finished on 159, still the most recent time they took over 100 seats. The victorious Tory in Sheffield Ecclesall, Albert Harland styled himself as "Conservative and Liberal Unionist" but showed no signs of independence so this has been treated merely as a personal affectation.
Alexander took over from William Cotts in the Western Isles in a three-cornered contest.
Alexander was from Glasgow. He was a director of steel and building companies.He stood for Dover in 1918 and was soundly beaten by a couponed Conservative. He stood against the National Liberal Murdoch Macdonald at Inverness in a by-election in 1922 and then at the general election but failed to unseat him.
Alexander bucked the trend by substantially increasing his majority in 1924.
When Lloyd George became party leader, he joined the "Radical" parliamentary group against him and became its whip. He refused to endorse the Liberal Unemployment Pledge in 1929 and withdrew his candidature in the election.
Alexander joined Labour in 1930.
He died in 1950 aged 69.
2012 Harcourt Johnstone
Constituency : Willesden East 1923-24, South Shields 1931-35, Middlesbrough West 1940-45
The 1922-23 election was a short one. Bonar Law was running on borrowed time and soon had to make way for Baldwin. The pro-Coalition Tories such as Austen Chamberlain still held aloof from his government. For the Liberals, talk of reunion started immediately which Asquith did his best to stifle. Lloyd George then went on a tour of America. Baldwin wrongly believed he would declare for protection on his return and decided to pre-empt him. He also decided another election was necessary to ratify this change in policy. This had the effect of reuniting his party but it also led to the Liberals reuniting in defence of Free Trade.
Harcourt took Willesden East from the Tories in a straight fight having run the close in 1922 as an Asquithian. He was supported by both Liberal factions.
Harcourt was the son of a British diplomat. He was related to William and Lewis Harcourt. He acquired the nickname "Crinks" as a baby. He was educated at Eton and Oxford. He served in France during World War One.
Harcourt narrowly held the sea in the general election despite Labour's intervention.
Harcourt was soundly defeated in 1924. In 1925, he stood for Eastbourne at a by-electoion, coming a distant second. Two years later, he contested Westbury failing to take the seat from the Tories by just 149 votes. He stood there again in 1929 this time coming within 67 votes of victory.
In 1931, Harcourt was returned as the government candidate for South Shields which he took from Labour by over 10,000 votes. He was a government whip until the Samuelites left the government in 1932.
In 1935 Harcourt was heavily defeated despite the intervention of a National Labour candidate.
In 1940 Chuchill appointed him Secretary to the Department of Overseas Trade. He was soon returned at a convenient by-election at Middlesbrough West. He had been a friend of Churchill through a mutual dining club since 1911. He was not terribly keen on visiting his constituency.
Harcourt was active in the party organisation and a generous donor. He was a bon viveur and avoided exercise. He was a collector of art and books.
He died of a cerebral stroke in 1945 aged 49.
Harcourt was the only newcomer among the Liberal by-election victors of that Parliament. We move on to the 1923 election.
Tuesday, 28 August 2018
2011 Charles Darbishire
Constituency : Westbury 1922-24
Charles recaptured Westbury from the Tories in a three cornered contest. He was an Asquithian.
Charles was the son of a Welsh colonel although born in London. He was educated at Giggleswick School. He became an East India merchant with an acknowledged expertise on the Far East. He lived in Singapore for a number of years and held a number of public posts there as well as getting involved in volunteer soldiering. He was involved in suppressing the Singapore Mutiny in 1915. He was President of the Association of British Malaya.
Most of Charles's parliamentary contributions were questions about trade matters.
Charles refused to support calls for protectionism to help the motor tyre industry in his constituency which led to a considerable Labour vote in his constituency. This led to his defeat in 1924.
After his defeat Charles went on a tour of the Far East.
He died in Singapore in 1925 after a short illness aged 49.
That concludes our look at the victors of 1922. We now move on to by-election victors in 1922-23.
Monday, 27 August 2018
2010 John Simpson
Constituency : Taunton 1922-24
John took Taunton ( which no Liberal contested in 1918 or a 1921 by-election ) from the Tories by a large margin in a straight fight.
John was born in Liverpool. He worked in the Indian Civil Service from 1897. He became private secretary to the Ministry of Labour in 1917.
John held his seat in 1923 but was defeated in 1924 by a larger margin than the Labour vote.
John was knighted in 1925. He worked for the League of Nations assisting refugees in Greece , reporting on the situation in Palestine and organising flood relief in China.He worked for the Government of Newfoundland from 1934 to 1936. In 1947 he reported to the General Assembly of the United Nations on the situation in Palestine. He was very sceptical of Zionism.
He died in 1961 aged 92.
Sunday, 26 August 2018
2009 John Emlyn-Jones
Constituency : North Dorset 1922-24
John took North Dorset from the Tories in a straight fight, having come very close in 1918 despite the Tory having the coupon.
John was the son of a Cardiff coal merchant. He was educated privately and went into the shipping industry. He worked all over the world and in 1920 founded the Dragon Steam Ship Company. He was a one time President of Cardiff Chamber of Commerce.
John championed the cause of agricultural workers and was re-elected in 1923. He fought for them to be included in Labour's Minimum Wage Bill. He was defeated in 1924.
In 1929, John fought Cardiff East and came a credible second to Labour. He fought on the Liberals' unemployment policy. In 1931 he dropped to third as the Tories took the seat, having previously indicated he might stand down if the local Liberals and Tories reached an agreement. In 1935 he failed to hold Flintshire for the Liberals, coming second to the Tory. He returned to Cardiff East for the 1945 election but came third.
John's business took a significant hit when he criticised Franco's regime in Spain and supported his opponents.
He and his wife were killed in a plane crash in France in 1952. He was 63. His son John was a Liberal candidate in the fifties.
Friday, 24 August 2018
2008 Maxwell Thornton
Constituency : Tavistock 1922-24
Maxwell took Tavistock from the Tories in a straight fight. He was an Asquithian.
Maxwell was a vicar's son from Kensington. He was educated at St Paul's School, London. He became a solicitor. In 1903 he became the law officer for the Straits Settlements in South East Asia.
Maxwell was a strong advocate of Liberal reunion and convened a meeting of Liberal MPs in February 1923 to discuss it. Asquith cold shouldered it.
Maxwell held his seat in 1923 and became a whip.
Maxwell was defeated in 1924.
Maxwell resigned from the party in protest at the publication Land and the Nation which proposed a form of land nationalisation. Maxwell described this as "coquetting with Socialism".
He died in 1950 aged 72.
Thursday, 23 August 2018
2007 Alfred Bonwick
Constituency : Chippenham 1922-24
Alfred took Chippenham from the Tories for the Asquithians in a three cornered contest..
Alfred was director of a bottle making company. He was also secretary of the Nation magazine and business manager for the newspapers owned by the Joseph Rowntree Social Services Trust. He was a conscientious objector during World War One.
Alfred was appointed to a Committee of Enquiry into government printing.
Alfred held his seat in 1923, helped by labour's withdrawal. He became a whip. He was defeated by the Conservatives in a straight fight in 1924. In 1926 he resigned as candidate citing business pressures.
Alfred was elected to the general committee of the Liberal Council, set up to oppose Lloyd George in 1927. He was particularly hostile to the new land policy.
He died in 1949 aged 66.
2006 Sir Beddoe Rees
Constituency : Bristol South 1922-29
For now, Bristol remained a stronghold for the National Liberals where an antisocialist pact remained in operation.. Sir Beddoe took over from William Davies in the southern seat. He easily defeated Labour in a straight fight.
Beddoe was born in Glamorganshire. He was educated privately and at the University of Wales. He became an architect with a specialism in chapel architecture. He was a nonconformist, holding office in the National Free Church Councils of both England and Wales. He became managing director of Welsh Garden Cities Limited.He also had business interests in coal mining and steamships. Beddoe was knighted in 1917. In 1918 he stood against the Coalition Labour MP James Parker and was narrowly defeated. Despite this setback, Beddoe was a supporter of Lloyd George and a strong antisocialist.
In a prophetic maiden speech Beddoe opposed a minimum wage for miners arguing that it would create a great combine capable of holding the country to ransom. He was prepared to compromise on Free Trade and voted for the Safeguarding of Industries Act.
Beddoe held on to his seat in 1923 and 1924 with steadily reducing majorities. He was wary of Lloyd George entering an alliance with Labour or supporting the nationalisation of industries. He voted for Baldwin's government to continue in 1924. In 1927 the Western Liberal Federation sent a deputation to the Liberal Chief Whip to complain about the number of times Beddoe and Freddie Guest were voting with the government.
The pact with the Tories still held in 1929 but Beddoe was decisively beaten by Labour suggesting that local Liberals had had enough of him.
In 1930 , Beddoe was declared bankrupt having lived extravagantly and speculated rashly.
He died the following year aged 54.
Wednesday, 22 August 2018
2005 Geoffrey Shakespeare
Constituency : Wellingborough 1922-23, Norwich 1929-45 ( from 1931 Liberal National )
Geoffrey took Wellingborough for the National Liberals, unseating the Labour incumbent in a straight fight.
Geoffrey was the son of a Baptist minister from Norwich. He was a distant relative of the playwright. He was educated at Highgate School. He served in World War One before going to Cambridge. He became a barrister but served as Lloyd George's private secretary from 1921 to 1923. He gave a valuable account of the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations in his memoir, Let the Candles Be Brought In, published in 1949.
In 1923 , Geoffrey was defeated by Labour due to Unionist intervention. He became a political journalist.
In 1929 Geoffrey succeeded Hilton Young at Norwich where he topped the poll. He was one of the first Liberal MPs to give public support to Simon's call for an emergency tariff. He did so again as a Liberal National in 1931 and 1935.
Geoffrey became the Liberal National chief whip in 1931. In 1932 he began a ministerial career taking in Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health ( 1932-6 ), Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Education ( 1936-7 ), Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty ( 1937-40 ), Secretary for Overseas Trade (1940) and Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Dominion Affairs ( 1940-42 ). He also chaired the body responsible for evacuating children in World War Two. He was created a baronet in 1942.
In 1945, Geoffrey was pushed into third place as Labour took both seats.
Geoffrey was a director of the Abbey National Building Society from 1942 to 1977 and Deputy Chairman in the late sixties.
He died in 1980 aged 86.
Monday, 20 August 2018
2004 Frank Gray
Constituency : Oxford 1922-24
Frank won Oxford from the Tories for the Asquithians in a straight fight..
Frank was born in Oxford and educated at Rugby. His father was a Conservative alderman and mayor. He became a solicitor. He joined up in 1917, refusing a commission and serving as a private. He then worked as an agricultural labourer before becoming a newspaper proprietor. He contested Watford in 1918, coming third.
Frank became a whip. He visited Ireland in 1923.
Frank held his seat in 1923 but was unseated on petition because his agent had falsified his expenses. He was banned for seven years, In 1930 the Oxford Liberal Association invited him to stand again but he declined.
Frank toured the workhouses of Oxfordshire as a tramp, recounting his experiences in The Tramp: his meaning and being, published in 1931. He founded an institution at Bicester to try and rehabilitate vagrants but it did not survive him. In 1926 he drove across Africa. He published A West African Diary.
He died aboard a liner in 1935 aged 54.
2003 George Jarrett
Constituency : Dartford 1922-23
George recaptured Dartford for the National Liberals from Labour after a by-election which they let the Conservatives contest in 1920. He defeated Labour by 1,918 votes. An Asquithian candidate did very badly.
George was an architect by trade but also the director of a printing and publishing company. He was one of the founders of the National Democratic Party and became its Chief Organiser in 1917. he received the coupon to contest Mansfield in 1918 but came second to Labour. He only had one arm.
George continued to support the idea of an anti-socialist coalition after 1922 and had the support of the local Unionist association. When the Liberal party reunited in 1923 he declined to join it and defended his seat as a Constitutionalist,, the first MP to do so. However, he was defeated by Labour in a straight fight.
George was appalled by the Liberals putting Labour in and formally joined the Conservatives in January 1924 though he stood as a Constitutionalist again at Edmonton in the 1924 election. He ran Labour fairly close.
After that, George joined the Conservatives and stood for them at East Ham North at a by-election in 1926. He failed to hold the seat. He returned to Edmonton for the 1929 election but failed to unseat Labour in a straight fight.
He died in 1960 aged 79.
Saturday, 18 August 2018
2002 Sir Edgar Chatfeild-Clarke
Constituency : Isle of Wight 1922-23
Sir Edgar took the Isle of Wight from the Tories, helped by the intervention of an Independent Unionist candidate in a four-cornered contest. He was an Asquithian.
Edgar was the son of a prominent architect who'd previously stood for election at Poole and Hammersmith. He was a Unitarian, related to Joseph Chamberlain. He was educated at King's College School and in Dresden. The family owned estates on the island and Edgar does not appear to have had a profession. He became a county councillor in 1900.
Edgar's health started giving way soon after his election and he stood down in 1923.
He died of flu in 1925 aged 62.
2001 Albert Hillary
Constituency : Harwich 1922-24
Albert took Harwich from the Tories in a straight fight. He was an Asquithian.
Albert was originally from Durham. He was managing director of a chocolate firm in Glasgow. He contested Barnard Castle in 1918 but came third.
Albert held on in 1923 but was defeated in 1924. There was a Labour candidate then but his votes would not have been sufficient to save Albert.
Albert called for a minimum wage for agricultural workers. He voted with Labour on the Campbell case.
He died in 1954 aged 86.
Friday, 17 August 2018
2000 Frederick Linfield
Constituency : Mid Bedfordshire 1922-24
Frederick took Mid Bedfordshire from the Tories in a straight fight. He was an Asquithian.
Frederick was a corn merchant. He was a councillor in Worthing and was Mayor in 1906-08. He contested Horncastle in December 1910 and in a by-election the following year. He was a Primitive Methodist.
Frederick's maiden speech called for government action to ease unemployment.
Frederick held on in 1923 despite Labour's intervention.
Frederick was an imperialist who had travelled in Africa. In 1924 he was appointed to the East African Parliamentary Commission and visited Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, Nyasaland and Rhodesia.
Frederick was in Africa when the 1924 election was called and had to campaign by telegraph. He lost to the Tories in a straight fight.
In 1926, Frederick contested Howdenshire in a by-election, coming second. In 1927 he served on a party committee looking into the London constituencies.He contested Horncastle in 1929 , again coming second. He was due to stand at Stoke Newington in 1931 but withdrew before the contest. He was a member of the National Council for the Prevention of War and an organisation promoting temperance in Africa.
He died in 1939 aged 78.
Thursday, 16 August 2018
1999 Maurice Alexander
Constituency : Southwark South East 1922-23
Maurice reclaimed Southwark South East for the National Liberals after a by-election loss in 1921. He defeated the Labour candidate by 2,280 votes in a straight fight.
Maurice was born in Montreal to a Jewish family. He was educated at McGill University there. He became a barrister in Quebec. He joined up in 1911 and served in the Canadian Expeditionary Force in France from 1914 to 1917. In his absence he was appointed Deputy Judge Advocate General. He rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1918 he joined the Foreign Office and was First Secretary at the British Embassy from 1919 to 1920. He then resumed work as a barrister in England. He also had business interests.
In 1923, Maurice was defeated by Labour in a straight fight. In 1924 he switched to Norfolk North to take on Noel Buxton but came a poor third.
By 1931, Maurice had joined Labour and stood for them at Newcastle-upon-Tyne East where he was trounced by the Liberal National, Robert Aske.
In the late thirties he gravitated towards the Liberal Nationals and was reported to be likely to contest Bermondsey West before the outbreak of World War Two.
He died in 1945 aged 55.
Tuesday, 14 August 2018
1998 Ernest Price
Constituency : Shoreditch 1922-23
Ernest was selected by the National Liberals to challenge Christopher Addison when he joined the Asquithians. He succeeded in winning the seat by 250 votes over Labour with Addison coming in third.
Ernest was educated at Ilford College and became a building contractor with interests in wharving, brick and demolition companies.
In his maiden speech , Ernest called for public works to prevent the deterioration of the unemployed.
In 1923 Ernest was defeated by Labour in a straight fight.
He died in 1962 aged 91.
1997 Garnham Edmonds
Constituency : Bethnal Green North East 1922-23
Garnham took Bethnal Green North East as Sir Edwin Cornwall stepped down. The National Liberals put up their own candidate but he came a poor fourth. Garnham won by 115 votes over a Communist candidate
Garnham was a local butcher and councillor. He was Mayor of the borough in 1907. In 1910 he was elected to the L.C.C.
Garnhan's parliamentary contributions were mainly questions relating to his trade.
Garnham was defeated by the same candidate now standing for Labour in 1923.
He died in 1946 aged 81.
Monday, 13 August 2018
1996 George Roberts
Constituency : Norwich 1906-22 ( Labour ) 1922-23, 1923 ( Conservative )
George re-fought Norwich as a National Liberal although some sources have him as an Independent. He topped the poll.
George was a shoe-maker's son. He became a works manager in a sugar beet firm . He first stood for Labour in a by-election in 1904 coming third. In 1906 he ran alongside Louis Tillett and topped the poll. He became Labour's whip in 1908. Despite this he defied the party line by voting for naval re-armament in 1912. In 1913 he opposed the right of wives to receive maternity benefit . In 915 he helped end the miner's strike in South Wales. In 1916 Lloyd George appointed him parliamentary secretary to the Board of Trade. In 1917 he became Minister of Labour . That same year he was ejected from the I.L.P. for his pro-war stance. George wanted to stay in office so ran as Coalition Labour candidate in 1918. He was Minister of Food Control from 1919 to 1920. He returned to his old job on leaving office but retained his seat.
As the next election approached, George switched to the Conservatives but came fourth in 1923 as Labour took both seats.
He died in 1928 aged 59.
Sunday, 12 August 2018
1995 Samuel Pattinson
Constituency : Horncastle 1922-24
Samuel took Horncastle from the Tories for the Asquithians. It was a straight contest. He praised Bonar Law during his campaign.
Samuel was the brother of Robert Pattinson, elected at the same time for Grantham. He was educated at Abingdon House and Carre's Grammart School. He worked in his father-in-law's drapery business as well as the family's building firm. He was a county councillor for Kesteven and then Lincolnshire. He contested Horncastle in 1918 when he lost to a couponed Conservative and then in a by-election in 1920 when Labour's intervention cost him victory.
Samuel held the seat in 1923 but was defeated in 1924. He later joined the Conervatives.
He died n 1942 aged 72.
Friday, 10 August 2018
1994 Arthur Harbord
Constituency : Great Yarmouth 1922-24, 1929-41 ( from 1931 Liberal National )
Arthur took Great Yarmouth from the Tories in a three-cornered contest. He was an Asquithian.
Arthur was educated at Winchester House School, Great Yarmouth. He was a town councillor and three times mayor.
Arthur's maiden speech called for a lowering of the pensionable age to 65.
Arthur was defeated in 1924 but won the seat back in 1929. He joined the Liberal Nationals and had easy victories over Labour in 1931 and 1935.
Arthur was knighted in 1939.
He died in 1941 aged 75. According to his relatives he was overcome by stress at the bomb damage suffered by the town.
Thursday, 9 August 2018
1993 Robert Pattinson
Constituency : Grantham 1922-23
Robert took Grantham from the Tories in a three-cornered contest. It was his second attempt at the seat.
Robert was the son of a railway contractor. He was the brother-in-law of Norfolk MP Richard Winfrey. He was educated at Abingdon School and went into the family business. He was also director of a merchant shipping firm. He was a district and county councillor.
In his only parliamentary speech, Robert called for rate relief for grass farmers.
Robert was defeated in 1923. He was unable to campaign due to illness. He stood in Lincoln in 1929 but came third.
Robert's local government career continued. He became chair of Kesteven County Council in 1934 and was knighted the following year. He subsequently joined the Liberal Nationals.
After World War Two, Robert became chairman of the Lincolnshire River Board.
He died in 1954 aged 82 after a long illness.
1992 James Butler
Constituency : Cambridge University 1922-23 (Independent Liberal )
James took a seat that the Liberals didn't usually bother to contest.
James was born at Cambridge where his father was master of Trinity College. He was educated at Harrow and Cambridge. He joined up in World War One and saw service at Gallipoli and Egypt. He later worked in the Directorate of Military Operations at the War Office.
James was instrumental in the Oxford and Cambridge Universities Act 1922.
In 1923, James was edged out by his Conservative cousin, George. He continued his academic career, rising to senior tutor in 1931.
In the Second World War, James worked in the Army Intelligence Corps, recruiting people to work at Bletchley Park.
James was knighted in 1958.
James wrote a number of books on history and military strategy.
He died in 1975 aged 85.
Wednesday, 8 August 2018
1991 Richard Fairbairn
Constituency : Worcester 1922-23
Richard took Worcester from the Tories at the third attempt.
Richard was the son of a London dock worker. He was educated in Toronto and became a tramway operator. He managed the Worcester Tramway Company. He was Food Transport Officer for the Midlands during World War One. He became a Worcester town councillor. He was attacked by the local Tory press as a dangerous radical. Although a strong supporter of Lloyd George's pre-war activities, he remained an Asquithian.
Richard's maiden speech was about unemployment
Richard was defeated in 1923. He contested every subsequent election up to 1935 coming second except in 1929.
In 1941 Richard became Mayor of Worcester. He died in office aged 74.
Monday, 6 August 2018
1990 Reginald Berkeley
Constituency : Nottingham Central 1922-24
Reginald took Nottingham Central from the Tories in a straight fight by just 22 votes.
Reginald was educated privately and at Bedford Modern School. He went to Fiji where his father practised law and qualified as a barrister in New Zealand. He served in World War One winning the Military Cross and reaching the rank of captain then joined the staff of the League of Nations as a propagandist.
Reginald's maiden speech called for a change in foreign policy to work more through the League of Nations.
Reginald was re-elected in 1923. He voted with Labour on the Campbell case.
Reginald stood down in 1924. He tried for Aberdeen North in 1929 coming second in the absence of a Tory candidate. In a 1930 by-election, he stood for Nottingham Central again but came third. In 1931 he contested Aberdeen and Kincardine Central coming a good second to the Tory.
Reginald turned to writing plays and film scripts and relocated to Hollywood.
He died of pneumonia in 1935 aged 44. His son Humphrey was later a Tory MP.
Sunday, 5 August 2018
1989 Albert Bennett
Constituency : Mansfield 1922-23, Nottingham Central 1924-30 ( Conservative )
Albert scored a rare gain from Labour at Mansfield winning by 1.275 votes in a straight fight. He was an Asquithian Liberal.
Albert was a barrister. He joined up in World War One and served as Controller of propaganda in Central and South America. He had extensive business interests there. He contested Chippenham in 1918 losing t a couponed Tory.
In 1923 Albert was defeated by Labour in a straight contest. He responded by joining the Conservatives and took the Liberal seat of Nottingham Central in 1924. He became Assistant Treasurer of the party in 1927.
Albert was re-elected in 1929 and was created a baronet. He stood down in 1930 due to bankruptcy.
He died in 1945 aged 73.
Saturday, 4 August 2018
1988 Edward Spears
Constituency : Loughborough 1922-24, Carlisle 1931-45 ( Conservative )
Edward took over from Oscar Guest for the National Liberals at Loughborough. He was unopposed because Labour failed to hand their papers in on time. He campaigned for Churchill in Dundee instead. He offered to give up his seat for Churchill but the offer was declined.
Edward was born in Paris of Jewish ancestry. He was educated at a German boarding school. He joined the army in 1903 initially serving in Ireland. He started working as a liaison officer in France before the First World War. During World War One, Edward's bilingual skills made him indispensable and furthered his career. He befriended Petain and Churchill. In 1917 he was promoted to Major. In 1918 he was promoted to Brigadier-General. He became Head of the Military Mission in Paris. After the war he developed business interests in Czechoslovakia.
Edward's maiden speech criticised the occupation of the Ruhr.
In 1923 Edward held on in a three-cornered contest. He went missing in the vote on the King's Speech. In 1924 he was pushed into third place.
Edward then joined the Conservatives and stood for them at Bosworth in a by-election in 1927. He came third. In 1929 he stood in Carlisle coming second. He won the seat in 1931 and held it in 1935 but lost out to Labour in 1945.
In 1936 Edward became chairman of the European Study Group, a cross-party group of MPs who opposed appeasement.
From 1930 onwards, Edward started publishing books about World War One.
In the Second World War Edward was the brains behind Operation Royal Marine, the floating of mines down the Rhine but it was delayed too long to have much effect. He tried to persuade the French to fight on but returned to Britain with de Gaulle when France fell. He later worked in the Middle East.
After his defeat, Edward concentrated on his business interests, chiefly gold mining in South Africa.
He died in 1974 aged 87.
Friday, 3 August 2018
1987 Patrick Collins
Constituency : Walsall 1922-24
Patrick took Walsall which had been won in 1918 by the National party candidate Richard Cooper. Cooper wasn't standing again and Patrick defeated the Unionist by 325 votes in a three cornered contest. He was a last minute selection.
Patrick was the son of an agricultural labourer and fairground worker. He was a Catholic. In 1899, he created a firm to run a round of fairs he'd established in the Midlands serving the Wakes holidays. In 1918 he became a councillor in Walsall. In 1920, he became President of the Showmen's Guild of Great Britain.
Patrick held his seat in 1923 but came second to the Conservative in 1924. He became Mayor of Walsall in 1938 at the age of 80.
Patrick also ran cinemas and skating rinks.
He died in 1943 aged 84.
1986 Arthur Evans
Constituency : Leicester East 1922-23, 1923 ,Cardiff South 1922-29, 1931-45 ( Conservative )
Arthur recovered Leicester East for the National Liberals from Labour after a by-election defeat earlier in the year. He had the support of the local Tories.He became the youngest MP in the Commons.
Arthur was a captain in the army.
Soon after his election Arthur voted with the government on a Finance Bill. He complained at a garden party that he had been elected as "an anti-Socialist" but he was being asked to vote for socialist measures. In July he wrote to Lloyd George telling him "I gave definite pledges of support to the Conservative government" at the election and announcing his decision to take the Tory whip. Lloyd George suggested he cause a by-election to ratify his decision but Arthur declined.
In 1923 Arthur defended his seat as a Conservative but came second. He returned for Cardiff South in 1924. He stood down in 1929 but returned to unseat Arthur Henderson in 1931. He was defeated by future Prime Minister James Callaghan in 1945.
He died in 1958 aged 60.
Thursday, 2 August 2018
1985 Audley Bowdler
Constituency : Holderness 1922-23
Audley took the safe Conservative seat of Holderness in a straight contest. His victory was put down to disgruntled farmers.
Audley was from Kirkham, Lancashire. He was educated at Rossall School. He was a Major.
In his only parliamentary speech, Audley denounced the Treaty of Versailles and called for support of the League of Nations.
Audley lost by 253 votes in 1923.
He died in 1969 aged 84.
Wednesday, 1 August 2018
1984 Herbert Spencer
Constituency : Bradford South 1922-24
Herbert took Bradford South from the Tories.The Liberal came third in 1918.
Herbert was a cotton and worsted manufacturer. He also had estates in Australia. He was a member of Bradford Town Council. He was secretary to the Bradford and District Manufacturers Association.
Herbert's maiden speech supported free trade as the solution to his industry's problems.
Herbert held on in 1923 despite being ill and unable to campaign. He lost two sons in World War One.
Herbert was strongly anti-socialist and voted with the Conservatives on a number of occasions in the 1924 Parliament. He sat on a Board of Trade committee to look at bankruptcy law.
In 1924 Herbert came third as Labour took the seat.
Herbert was a keen golfer.
He died in 1926 aged 56.
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