Monday, 30 September 2013
277 Charles Gilpin
Constituency : Northampton 1857-74
Charles was of middle class Quaker stock, educated at Sidcot School and started work as a commercial traveller at Manchester. He became involved in the Anti-Corn Law League and soon acquired a reputation as one of their most formidable orators. In 1842 he relocated to London to take over a booksellers' business where he was successful but retired in 1853 to pursue other interests. He published much Quaker literature including the first issue of The Friend in 1843 , a magazine which is still going. He became a speculative businessman with directorships of railways in the UK and the Ottoman Empire and interests in life insurance. He was elected to the Court of Common Council of the City of London in 1848 where his major impact was the abolition of street tolls. Charles was a Radical and made his first moves towards Parliament challenging moderate Liberals in Scotland. He fought Fox Maule in Perth in 1852 at a by-election caused by his appointment as Secretary of War on the grounds that Maule was not committed to reform and had voted for the Maynooth grant. He then challenged Arthur Kinnaird at another by-election in Perth when Maule went to the Lords. However he didn't stand anywhere in the 1852 general election. He voted against Palmerston on the Conspiracy to Murder Bill.
In 1859 Charles accepted the post of Secretary of the Poor Law Board despite Bright's stricture "Thou'd better have a rope put round your neck".
Charles was a member of the Reform Union. He was also a staunch opponent of the death penalty.
He died in 1874 aged 59, the Tories making a short-lived gain in the by-election.
Sunday, 29 September 2013
276 Henry Baring
Constituency : Callington 1831-2, Marlborough 1832-46 ( Conservative) 1846-68
Henry was the brother of the Earl of Cromer and a member of the distinguished banking family. He went to Oxford . He served as a major in the Life Guards between 1824 and 1834; in 1831 he was chastised by William IV after a stone was thrown at the royal coach. .He started out as a Tory and was first "elected" for the rotten borough of Callington in 1831 after defeat at Canterbury the previous year. When that was abolished by the Great Reform Act he switched to Marlborough , a seat controlled by his wife's relative Lord Ailesbury, which he held until it was reduced to a single member in 1868 despite a change of allegiance in 1846 when he followed Peel . He was a whip during Peel's government of 1841-6 where he was described as "diligent and decisive " but "rough in manner". After 1850 he usually followed Gladstone or Cardwell's lead.
Henry resided mainly in France in later life.
He died at Nice in 1869 aged 65
Saturday, 28 September 2013
275 Lord Ernest Bruce
Constituency : Marlborough 1832-46 (Tory ) , 1846-78
Ernest was a son of the Marquess of Ailesbury . He was educated at Eton and Cambridge. He started out as a Tory and was a Lord of the Bedchamber to William IV during Peel's first ministry. He held the post of Vice-Chamberlain of the Household throughout Peel's second ministry. He became a Peelite and returned to the same post in Aberdeen's government. He did not resign with the other Peelites and held on to the post throughout Palmerston's first ministry. He became a strong Palmerstonian and praised his handling of economic matters.
Despite this Ernest was not restored to office in 1859 and remained on the backbenches thereafter.
Ernest had rarely been opposed since 1832 and was reluctant to see his seat changed. He was unenthusiastic about Gladstone's leadership.
Ernest succeeded his brother as Marquess in 1878 and went to the Lords. He was succeeded as MP by his younger brother Charles.
He died in 1886 aged 75.
Friday, 27 September 2013
274 William Lee
Constituency : Maidstone 1853-7, 1859-70
William was a lime and cement merchant and also a director of two railway companies and the Millwall Freehold Land and Docks Co. He first stood for Maidstone unsuccessfully in 1852 but got in at a by-election in 1853. He was ousted in 1857 but won his seat back two years later.
William fought off a legal challenge to his election victory in 1865. He resigned his seat in 1870.
He died in 1881 aged 80.
Thursday, 26 September 2013
273 Charles Buxton
Constituency : Newport 1857-9, Maidstone 1859-65, East Surrey 1865-71
Charles was the son of the baronet Thomas Buxton, a brewer and reformist MP who had been instrumental in the abolition of slavery. He was educated privately before going to Cambridge. In 1848 he published a biography of his father. He had an estate in Ireland and championed denominational teaching on the English model. He also supported disestablishment of the church and security of tenure. He was interested in hunting and architecture.
Charles had pacifist leanings. He supported referring the Trent case to arbitration. He supported clemency for the Indian mutineers. In 1864 he raised the attack on Kagoshima in Parliament. He upset his abolitionist allies with his pessimism during the American Civil War.
Charles feared the defeat of Russell's Reform Bill in 1866 would produce more radical demands.
In 1865 Charles commissioned a fountain to commemorate his father and the other anti-slavery campaigners which now stands in Victoria Tower Gardens Westminster. That same year he chaired a Royal Commission on Governor Eyre's conduct in Jamaica. Their report praised Eyre's swift action while deploring his excesses and when Charles decided a private prosecution was unfeasible he was ousted and Mill took over.
Charles published The Ideas Of The Day On Policy in 1866.
Charles suffered a series of mishaps in his last years. In 1867 he was injured in a hunting accident and consequently developed an interest in anaesthetics . In 1870 his secretary tried to shoot him.
He died in a hotel in Scotland aged 49 ; his wife died on the same day.
Wednesday, 25 September 2013
272 William MacKinnon
Constituency : Rye 1852-3, Lymington 1857-68
William was the son of a Scottish chief, railway director and MP. He was elected for Rye in 1852 but his election was declared void and confusingly his father of the same name who had lost his seat at Lymington won the by-election. William then won back the Lymington seat in 1857.
William didn't speak in Parliament. He started voting with Disraeli because Palmerston and Russell declined to give his father a peerage.
He died in 1903 aged 90.
Tuesday, 24 September 2013
271 Henry Brand
Constituency : Lewes 1852-68 Cambridgeshire 1868-84 ( Speaker from 1872 )
Henry was a son of Baron Dacre , a general. He was educated at Eton. He served in the Coldstream Guards from 1832 to 1844. In 1846 he became private secretary to the home secretary Sir George Grey.He first became a whip during Aberdeen's ministry and continued under Palmerston. He was on the platform of the Administrative Reform Association's first public meeting in 1855.
Henry was appointed Chief Whip after the 1859 election and held the post to the end of Russell's ministry. In 1861 he warned Palmerston that not all the parliamentary Liberal party would support parliamentary reform. He also worried about the Irish situation telling Palmerston "you cannot carry on a government with a whole nation against you " and believed that only 10 out of the 50 or so Irish "Liberals " could be relied on without further concessions to the Catholics. He warned that the government could be defeated on Stansfield's economy motion. Despite his previous warnings he urged Palmerston to revive parliamentary reform as an issue before the election. He worried that Denmark's defeat in 1864 would further increase Victoria's unpopularity. His assessment of the party after Palmerston's death was "The Whigs hate Bright ; moreover many distrust Gladstone. Lord Russell is very unpopular; since Palmerston died he has greater proclivities for Bright... The fact is we have been resting too much on the Radical leg ". He drafted the redistribution aspects of the 1866 Reform Bill.
After the government's defeat Henry acted as senior whip during the Liberals' spell in opposition. As much of the blame fell on Gladstone's shoulders Henry predicted that "Granville will be the next prime minister".
Henry switched to Cambridgeshire when Lewes was reduced to a one member seat. He was not restored to office by Gladstone who preferred George Glyn in 1868. Perhaps Gladstone blamed him for the defeats he had suffered on parliamentary reform over the previous couple of years . He suggested Henry take over as Speaker in 1872.
There was some doubt that Henry was a fit and proper person for the role given his party background but he managed to win over the House with impartiality and urbane suavity. He had to deal with the obstructionist tactics of the Irish Nationalists. He was opposed to the Ground Game Bill in 1880.In 1881 he established a precedent by refusing further discussion on Forster's Coercion Bill after 41 hours which introduced the concept of closure. Henry's move was of doubtful legality but Gladstone regularised the procedure shortly afterwards .
Henry decided to retire on health grounds in 1884 and went to the Lords as Viscount Hampden, giving the Tories another by-election gain. He devoted the rest of his life to dairy farming. In 1890 he succeeded his brother as Baron Dacre.
He died in 1892 aged 77.
Monday, 23 September 2013
270 Henry Fitzroy
Constituency : Great Grimsby 1831-2, Lewes 1837-41 , 1842-46 (Tory) , 1846-59
Henry was a relative of the Duke of Grafton. He started out as a Tory and was rejected by Lewes in the 1835 election. He served briefly as a Lord of the Admiralty under Peel. He became a Peelite. He served under Aberdeen as under-secretary of state for the Home Department between 1852 and 1855.
Henry was a good speaker and cut a dashing figure. He was concerned about wife beating and in 1853 brought forward the Aggravated Assaults Act saying "No one could read the public journals without being constantly struck with horror and amazement at the numerous reports of cases of cruel and brutal assaults perpetrated upon the weaker sex by men who one blushed to think were Englishmen". In 1856, recognising that the Act had failed to operate as a sufficient deterrent he supported Lewis Dillwyn's attempt to introduce flogging as a punishment for assaults on women and children.
Palmerston appointed him First Commissioner of Works after the 1859 election but he died suddenly in December of that year aged 52. His wife Hannah ( a Rothschild ) commissioned a public library in the town to be built in his memory.
Sunday, 22 September 2013
269 Charles Clifford
Constituency : Isle of Wight 1857-65 Newport ( Isle of Wight ) 1870-85
Charles was an admiral and baronet's son educated at Charterhouse and Oxford. He went on to become a barrister. He visited the Lebanon.
Charles was private secretary to Palmerston. He was also a scholar and published translations of Aristophanes and Aeschylus as well as a travelogue..
Charles decided not to stand in 1865 but was persuaded to contest a by-election in 1870 and returned to Parliament.
He died in 1895 aged 74.
Saturday, 21 September 2013
268 Mayer de Rothschild
Constituency : Hythe 1859-64
Mayer was another scion of the banking family, a younger brother of Lionel. After time at Leipzig and Heidelburg universities he went to Cambridge. He was a keen huntsman. He commissioned Paxton to build the mansion of Mentmore Towers on his estate. He was a keen horse racer despite weighing 16 stones. He had a stud farm and his horses won four of the five classic races. He was a keen collector of art. He was a good friend of Disraeli
He died in 1874 aged 55
Mayer's daughter Hannah married Lord Rosebery despite his mother's opposition. Disraeli gave her away.
Friday, 20 September 2013
267 Christopher Giles-Puller
Constituency : Hertfordshire 1857-64
Christopher was a local landowner. He was educated at Eton and Oxford where he socialised with the young Gladstone.
He died in 1864 aged 57, the Conservatives winning the subsequent by-election.
Thursday, 19 September 2013
266 William Cowper-Temple
Constituency : Hertford 1835-68, Hampshire South 1868-80
William was ostensibly the son of Earl Cowper and Emily Lamb but it was widely believed that he was actually the son of her lover , Palmerston who became her second husband in 1839. Photographs do not really support the argument. He was educated at Eton and entered the Royal Horse Guards in 1830 eventually reaching the rank of Major in 1852. He was indisputably the nephew of Lord Melbourne and became his private secretary after entering Parliament in 1835. He became a whip in the dying days of his uncle's government then Civil Lord of the Admiralty throughout the ministries of Russell and Aberdeen. Palmerston made him under-secretary of state for the home department in 1855 before moving him on to President of the Board of Health. He immediately made the eminent sanitarian John Simon his chief medical officer. Simon's biographer described him as "zealous, competent and knowledgable". He was not however able to pass a public health bill. From 1857 he combined these responsibilities with the education brief.
William returned to office after the 1859 election as Vice-President of the Board of Trade and Paymaster-General but moved to First Commissioner of Works in 1860. In 1861 he drafted a bill for the reconstruction of the law courts. He was also responsible for the Thames Embankment. During the last year of Palmerston's government he often had to physically support him. He held the office until the fall of Russell's government in 1866.
William never held office under Gladstone who was perhaps unwilling to appoint Palmerston's man but he remained influential. He is best remembered for the Cowper Temple Clause, an amendment to the 1870 Education Act which allowed parents to withdraw their children from religious education.
William had Christian Socialist leanings and organised ecumenical spiritualist conferences . At some of these Hindus were present and séances were held.
In 1880 William was created Lord Mount Temple. His last speech in the Lords called for action to stop pornographers luring young girls into vice.
He died in 1888 aged 76
Wednesday, 18 September 2013
265 Harry Vane
Constituency : South Durham 1841-59, Hastings 1859-64
Harry was a younger son of the Duke of Cleveland. He was educated at Oxford. He became a foreign diplomat and served in France and Sweden before entering Parliament in 1841. In 1854 he married the widow Catherine Primrose and thus became the stepfather of the future Prime Minister Lord Rosebery. For many years he was Chairman of Committee in the Commons attracting respect from both sides.
Harry switched seats for the 1859 election to suit his Tory brother ( whose nominee failed to be elected ) . He succeeded to the dukedom in 1864 because both his elder brothers had died childless. In 1866 after Russell's resignation he was touted as a possible anti-Reform Prime Minister at the head of a Whig-Tory coalition but this didn't materialise.
Harry was a very popular landlord who remitted rents in times of agricultural depression and was generally benevolent. Apart from expenditure to acquire land to extend his estate and philanthropy he was notably frugal and abstemious from drink and gambling.
He died in 1892 aged 88 and the dukedom became extinct.
Tuesday, 17 September 2013
264 Frederick North
Constituency : Hastings 1831-7, 1854-65, 1868-9
Frederick was a distant relative of the former Prime Minister Lord North and a wealthy landowner. He was educated at Harrow and Cambridge. He was a former mayor of Hastings. He had the strong support of the local paper whose editor considered him one of the few honest politicians. He and his family travelled widely.
Frederick did not speak in the Commons during any of his three stints.
After Frederick's defeat in 1865 he took the opportunity to take a long tour of Egypt. The 1868 campaign was very ill-tempered and although Frederick fought off a legal challenge to undo his victory the struggle had taken a toll on his health.
He died in 1869 aged 69. His daughter Marianne became a famous botanist.
Monday, 16 September 2013
263 William Campbell
Constituency : Cambridge 1847-52, Harwich 1859-60
William was the son of the Whig peer and barrister Lord Campbell and Baroness Stratheden. William's father became Palmerston's Lord Chancellor after the 1859 election.
William only made one speech in the Commons , a lengthy one criticising the 1860 Reform Bill as inadequate.
William succeeded his mother in 1860 and went to the Lords. The Conservatives captured his seat in the by-election and it was lost to the Liberals until 1906. He succeeded his father as Baron Stratheden in 1861.
He died in 1893 aged 68.
Sunday, 15 September 2013
262 Jervoise Clark-Jervoise
Constituency : South Hampshire 1857-68
The confusingly-named Jervoise was a baronet's son.
Jervoise was another friend of Florence Nightingale with concerns for public health. He believed vaccination for specific diseases would distract from the drive for better sanitation.
Jervoise stood down in 1868.
He died in 1889 aged 85.
Friday, 13 September 2013
261 Humphrey Freeland
Constituency : Chichester 1859-63
Humphrey was a gifted barrister. He resigned his seat in 1863.
He died in 1892 aged 78.
260. Sir William Somerville
Constituency : Drogheda 1837-52 Canterbury 1854-65
Sir William was an Anglo-Irish baronet's son educated at Oxford. He spent some time in the diplomatic service and first stood for Wenlock in 1835. He first sat for the Irish seat of Drogheda. He mainly spoke on Irish matters from a resident liberal landlord's point of view. In 1841 he advocated repeal of the corn laws as a solution to Irish difficulties. In 1846 it was his motion against a repressive Irish security measure that Disraeli's Tories used as a pretext for bringing down Peel's government. Russell appointed him under-secretary of state for the Home Department on coming to power . He was promoted to Chief Secretary for Ireland a year later. He failed to pass a land bill in 1848 but did manage to get an Encumbered Estates Act passed in 1849. In 1851 he was sued by an Irish magazine proprietor who wanted paying for articles supportive of the government but the case was thrown out ( the man had form as an extortionist ). He lost his seat in 1852 but returned in a by-election at Canterbury in 1854.
Despite the similarity in their backgrounds William was passed over for office by Palmerston
In 1863 William was created an Irish peer Baron Athlumney and, after losing his seat in 1865 went to the Lords as Baron Meredyth. In his last Commons speech he spoke against further interference between landlord and tenant but nevertheless loyally supported Gladstone's First Land Act and Irish church diestablishment
He died in 1873 aged 71.
Thursday, 12 September 2013
259 William Cavendish
Constituency : Peterborough 1847-52, Buckinghamshire 1857-63
William was the son and heir of Baron Chesham from a junior branch of the Cavendish family. He was educated at Eton.From 1833 to 1840 he served in the 10th Hussars. He succeeded his father at Buckinghamshire in 1857.
William was a backbench Whig who never spoke in the House.
In 1863 William succeeded his father in the barony and went to the Lords. The Conservatives took the seat in the by-election.
He died in 1882 aged 66.
Wednesday, 11 September 2013
258 Sir Harry Verney
Constituency : Buckingham 1832-41, Bedford 1847-52, Buckingham 1857-74, 1880-85
Sir Harry was the son and heir of a baronet. He was educated at Harrow and Cambridge. Between 1919 and 1944 he enjoyed a military career rising to the rank of major. He had an interest in railways and in 1837 raised concerns about how railway bills were handled in Parliament. He was defeated in 1852 . In 1857 he proposed to Florence Nightingale but she turned him down and a year later was married to her sister. His grand-daughter recalled that "he forwarded anything she might want and lobbied and did everything he could to get what she wanted carried. The other members of the House of Commons called him 'the member for Florence Nightingale'". He later became her "prayer partner".
Sir Harry was a Whig who made frequent interventions on military matters. In 1868 he intervened to prevent the publication of a gossipy letter about the Duke of Edinburgh from an associate of his sister-in-law. She described him as "a persuasive sort of person & also firm in his purpose".
Sir Harry was one of the founders of the Royal Agricultural Society. He held two chairmanships of railway companies.
Sir Harry talked of retiring after the 1868 election as he thought politics was dragging him "earthwards" but was dissuaded and recaptured the seat in 1880 after defeat in 1874. He finally retired in 1885 and was succeeded by his son Edmund.
Sir Harry had been a long-time friend of Gladstone but opposed Home Rule which politically estranged him from both his sons. In 1886 the Tories at North Buckinghamshire used some unguarded letters of his to help defeat Edmund.
He died in 1892 aged 94.
Tuesday, 10 September 2013
257 Sir George Pechell
Constituency : Brighton 1835-60
George was the son of a baronet and army major. Both his father and elder brother had been MPs. He entered the navy in 1803 and rose to captain in 1826. He became a rear admiral and then vice admiral while on the retired list. He first contested Brighton in 1832.
George supported the secret ballot, secular education and the abolition of church rates. He spoke frequently in the House on naval and fishing matters.
He died a day before his 71st birthday in 1860.
Monday, 9 September 2013
256 William Coningham
Constituency : Brighton 1857-64
William was a wealthy ( in part from slavery ) clergyman's son from County Londonderry. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge. He was briefly an army man between 1834 and 1836 but thereafter occupied himself as a writer and art collector, particularly of Italian Old Masters. He was often venomously critical of the National Gallery's policies. In 1849 he dramatically announced that he was selling his entire collection. He first stood in Brighton in 1847 and then Westminster in 1852 but was unsuccessful.He offended the queen with a pamphlet attacking Prince Albert for supposedly engineeering Palmerston's dismissal in 1851. Despite being a Radical in favour of suffrage extension and the ballot he was a strong supporter of Palmerston and decisively beat the Peelite ex-minister Alfred Hervey at Brighton in 1857.
William had concerns for the working man and George Eliot thought he was moving towards some form of Socialism. He became an avowed atheist. He was fiercely opposed to public inoculation against disease.
William had an excitable nature and may have suffered from bipolar disorder. He was cultured and aristocratic in bearing.
In 1860 Willliam criticised the government for not doing more to investigate the fate of the Franklin Expedition to the North Pole in which his stepbrother lost his life.
William's health deteriorated in 1863 and he announced his retirement in 1864, the Tories capturing the seat in the by-election. In 1868 he felt recovered enough to stand again but wasn't successful. He then withdrew from public life altogether, his wife lamenting in 1877 "how shattered his health and spirits have become, and how (to see if it would do him any good ) we have wandered from on place to another with no cheering result".
He died in 1884 aged 69.
Saturday, 7 September 2013
255 Philip Pleydell-Bouverie
Constituency : Cockermouth 1830-1, Downton 1831-2, Berkshire 1857-65
Philip was another brother of the Earl of Radnor ; we have already met another brother Edward up in Scotland. He was a banker who did business with Henry Brougham. He was returned for Cockermouth in 1830 as a result of a deal between Brougham and Lord Lonsdale. He stood for Cricklade in 1831 but was defeated and had to be given the family borough of Downton. That seat was abolished by the 1832 Reform Bill and Philip failed to find a satisfactory seat. He was defeated at Devizes in 1835 and Somerset West in 1847. He had 25 years out of Parliament before returning in 1857, the first Whig to be elected since 1835.
Like his brother Philip was a reactionary anti-democratic Whig. He did not speak in the Commons. In 1861 he wrote Vindication of a Churchman making the case for abolition of church rates.
In 1865 the Liberals contested all three seats at Berkshire and lost, Philip attracting the least number of votes.
He died in 1872 aged 83.
Philip was another brother of the Earl of Radnor ; we have already met another brother Edward up in Scotland. He was a banker who did business with Henry Brougham. He was returned for Cockermouth in 1830 as a result of a deal between Brougham and Lord Lonsdale. He stood for Cricklade in 1831 but was defeated and had to be given the family borough of Downton. That seat was abolished by the 1832 Reform Bill and Philip failed to find a satisfactory seat. He was defeated at Devizes in 1835 and Somerset West in 1847. He had 25 years out of Parliament before returning in 1857, the first Whig to be elected since 1835.
Like his brother Philip was a reactionary anti-democratic Whig. He did not speak in the Commons. In 1861 he wrote Vindication of a Churchman making the case for abolition of church rates.
In 1865 the Liberals contested all three seats at Berkshire and lost, Philip attracting the least number of votes.
He died in 1872 aged 83.
Friday, 6 September 2013
254 John Walter
Constituency : Nottingham 1847-59 Berkshire 1859-65, 1868-85
John was the son of the editor of The Times. He was educated at Eton and Oxford and became a barrister. However he succeeded his father as sole manager of the paper and influenced its tone with his serious religious views. He was a Churchman and lay member of the Oxford Diocesan Conference. He also gradually introduced the "Walter Press" the pioneer of modern printing. He was elected for Nottingham on the same day his father ( an earlier MP for the city ) died. He said at the time " I acknowledge no man as my political leader" but soon gravitated to the Liberals. In 1851 the paper was influential in persuading Russell to dismiss Palmerston for his attitude towards France with two critical editorials. However from the Crimean War onwards the paper became staunchly supportive of Palmerston; in 1864 Bright mockingly suggested John for a peerage "for services offered to the present Prime Minister".
John was a moderate . He was a frequent, sometimes ponderous speaker in the Commons. His dual role as parliamentarian and pressman led to criticism.In 1860 he clashed with Edward Horsman who attacked him an article suggesting that the government was postponing franchise reform to avoid a dissolution. John denied "any responsibility for any opinion or statement " in the paper. Horsman replied that he was morally responsible for every word which drew great cheers from the Tory benches.
John had an austere countenance and was unostentatious but known to be kind and benevolent. He built a number of schools in Berkshire. He was also a pioneer of new farming methods on his Bearwood estate.
John was defeated in 1865 but regained the seat in 1868. He retired in 1885.
He died of purpera haemorrhagia in 1894 aged 76.
253 Francis Russell
Constituency : Bedfordshire 1847-72
Francis was the nephew ( and eventual heir ) of the Duke of Bedford and Lord John Russell. He had a brief military career in the Scots Fusilier Guards between 1838 and 1844. He was first elected at the age of 28.
Francis was a backbench Whig. He did not speak in the Commons.
Francis became Duke of Bedford on the death of his cousin William in 1872. He had been managing the estate at Woburn Abbey since William's accession due to the latter's poor health. He was a noted agriculturalist who tried out new practices on the estate. On the other hand he was an aesthete who resisted fittings for telegraph poles and electric lighting.
He was also noted for philanthropy on his vast estates and developing the town of Tavistock.
In 1886 he severed ties with Gladstone over the Home Rule issue and became a Liberal Unionist. He bought a large number of shares in the Central News press agency to promote the Liberal Unionist cause.
Francis's behaviour became unpredictable following a seizure in 1887. In 1891 Francis committed suicide by shooting while suffering from pneumonia.
Thursday, 5 September 2013
252 Samuel Whitbread
Constituency : Bedford 1852-95
Samuel was from the famous brewing family and the fourth in a line of MPs of the same name. He was educated at Rugby and Cambridge. In 1850 he became private secretary to Sir George Grey and two years later was elected for Bedford at the age of 22. He became a frequent Speaker in the Commons and was held in high regard for fairness in debate. T W Russell described him as "an umpire perfectly impartial - except that he never gives his own side out" . He was often canvassed as a possible Speaker. He was generally a Whig supporting peace, retrenchment, free trade and religious liberty. He was a moderate Evangelical on good terms with the Nonconformists. He was a large man fond of shooting and yachting.
In 1859 Samuel was made Civil Lord of the Admiralty by Palmerston and held the post till 1863 when he stood down on health grounds - "I cannot get a living out of the London air ".
Samuel had an interesting relationship with Gladstone. He refused office in 1868. In 1885 he was one of the few MPs Gladstone told about his conversion to Home Rule before it became public knowledge. In 1886 he challenged him over the number of Irish MPs at Westminster in his Home Rule Bill and received a stony glare. He thought Gladstone was moving too fast on Home Rule but did not join the Liberal Unionists. Instead he acted fruitlessly as a go-between with regard to Gladstone and Bright.
In 1895 he retired, passing up the chance to be "Father of the House", and his seat went to the Conservatives. He accurately predicted the course of politics for the next few years " I fancy that for two or three years the Government will go on quietly enough ; and then, when they find their popularity waning , they will pick a quarrel with somebody, and go to war. It is always difficult for an Opposition to attack a Government which is conducting a war , and I think Chamberlain is just the man to take advantage of that difficulty.
He died in 1915 aged 85.
Wednesday, 4 September 2013
251 Sir Charles Douglas
Constituency : Warwick 1837-52, Banbury 1859-65
Charles was the illegitimate son of the former Tory Home Secretary Charles Yorke. He was educated at Harrow and Cambridge. He was private secretary to the colonial secretary Lord Ripon during Grey's administration. He was a director of the London and North Western Railway. He was first elected for Warwick in 1837 but lost his seat in 1852. He tried for Durham City in 1853. He spoke in favour of the Maynooth grant.
In 1859 Charles was elected for Banbury. The town's Liberals were split between Churchmen and militant Dissenters who were Charles's backers against the sitting Liberal Bernard Samuelson. Charles unseated him with Conservative support, a result that led to violence mainly caused by Samuelson's employees from a foundry. Charles became parliamentary whip for the Liberation Society. In 1863 he seconded Trelawny's motion for abolishing church rates.
In the 1865 election the Conservatives stood their own candidate with the result that Samuelson reclaimed the seat. Charles subsequently converted to Catholicism to the displeasure of his former supporters.
He died in 1887 aged 80.
Monday, 2 September 2013
250 Sir Thomas Bernard
Constituency : Aylesbury 1857-65
Sir Thomas was a baronet's son. He was educated at Eton and Oxford.
Sir Thomas did not speak in the Commons and stood down in 1865.
He died in 1883 aged 91.
249 Edward Fitzalan-Howard
Constituency : Horsham 1848-52, Arundel 1852-68
Edward was the brother of the Duke of Norfolk. He was educated at Cambridge. In 1846 he was made Vice-Chamberlain of the Household by Russell before securing a seat in Parliament at Horsham in 1848. He held the post for the duration of the government. He switched to Arundel in 1852 holding it until its abolition in 1868.
Edward was a backbench Whig. He was also a Catholic and in 1862 spoke against denying Catholic prisoners access to a Catholic minister. He spoke frequently in defence of Catholics against bigots in the House. He was also active in securing aid for Lancashire during the Cotton Famine.
In 1869 Edward was made a peer himself as Baron Howard of Glossop. He occupied himself with the cause of Catholic education as chairman of the Catholic Poor Schools Committee.
He died in 1883 after a long illness aged 65.
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